酶解辅助水法提取土茯苓总黄酮工艺条件研究

采用了酶解辅助水法提取土茯苓总黄酮.以芦丁为标准品,用铝离子显色、紫外-可见分光光度法测定总黄酮含量.以总黄酮提取率为考察指标,通过单因素实验探讨酶用量、固液比、提取温度、提取次数对总黄酮提取率的影响,优化提取条件.结果表明最佳提取工艺条件为:酶用量2.0%、固液比例1:8、提取温度100℃、提取3次.最佳条件下,粗提物干粉得率为14.0%,干粉总黄酮含量为4.1%,总黄酮提取率为0.57%.     

纤维素酶水酶法提取茶籽油的条件优化及茶籽油成品分析

茶籽油富含不饱和脂肪酸,可与橄榄油媲美,营养价值高,是一种高级植物食用油。纤维素水酶法使用机械粉碎烘烤后的油茶籽,而后加入酶液,通过纤维素酶降解茶籽细胞壁,使茶籽细胞内油脂释放,最后通过离心收集茶籽油。通过酶解时间、酶量、料液比、温度和pH值这5个因素研究纤维素酶水酶法提取茶籽油的最优条件,得到纤维素酶提取茶籽油的最佳条件为酶解时长75 min、酶量60 U/茶籽粉g、料液比1∶4、酶解温度为45℃、体系pH值为4. 5,此时茶籽油提取率最高约为18%。同时还研究纤维素酶水酶法提取的茶籽油的水分及挥发物含量,过氧化值和酸值,并对茶籽油进行成分分析。结果表明纤维素酶水酶法提取茶籽油中油酸含量为70. 49%,不饱和脂肪酸总含量为76. 74%,酸价和过氧化值均低于茶籽油原油国家标准。研究结果可为纤维素酶水酶法提取茶籽油的应用提供参考。     

假酸浆多糖的酶法提取及纯化工艺的研究

采用正交设计法进行试验,以多糖的提取率作为评价指标,用木瓜蛋白酶法从假酸浆籽中提取假酸浆多糖.确定了木瓜蛋白酶的最佳提取工艺为:酶用量3%,p H=7.5温度55℃,提取时间50min.多糖提取率为6.02%.再将提取的粗多糖经脱蛋白、脱色等一系列工艺进行纯化,确定了假酸浆多糖的最佳纯化工艺,在此条件下测得多糖的含量为80.6%,脱蛋白率为77.33%,脱色率为70.2%.     

猪胰激肽释放酶制备方法研究

本文介绍一种从猪胰提取、纯化激肽释放酶简易方法,所得酶纯度112μ/mg,得率79.5%.     

菊花中总黄酮的提取工艺比较

为优化超声波法和酶解法提取菊花总黄酮的工艺,并比较其工艺条件,选择因素水平,采用L9(34)正交设计优化提取工艺,以芦丁为对照品,用紫外分光光度计分析其提取率.结果表明,酶解法最佳工艺条件为:25倍70%的乙醇溶液,酶添加量0.5%,于45℃水浴下酶解150min,得率为5.60%;超声波法最佳工艺条件为:10倍70%的乙醇溶液超声40min,提取3次,得率为4.61%.酶解法的得率比超声波法的高21.5%.     

米糠蛋白活性肽的制备工艺研究

初步研究酶法水解米糠蛋白制备米糠活性肽的工艺条件,同时探讨了不同料液比、pH值、温度和提取时间对蛋白水解率的影响.通过正交优化实验得出酶水解米糠蛋白的最佳条件是:酶解温度37℃,加酶量为0.5%,酶解时间是3h,酶解pH值为9.结果表明碱性蛋白酶酶解法和三氯乙酸酸溶法相结合,是一种很理想又有效的制备蛋白肽的方法.     

复合酶法提取红托竹荪多糖的工艺研究

采用复合酶法提取红托竹荪中的水溶性多糖,通过单因素试验和正交试验研究酶浓度、酶解时间、酶解温度以及酶解pH值对多糖得率的影响.确定复合酶法提取红托竹荪水溶性多糖的最佳条件为:酶浓度为1.5%,酶解时间120 min,酶解温度50℃,酶解pH值为4.5,此条件下的红托竹荪多糖得率为7.98%.     

渗透休克法提取重组青霉素G酰化酶及酶学性质研究

为简化后期提取工艺,采用渗透休克法提取基因工程菌重组青霉素G酰化酶,回收率92.4%的酶蛋白释放到胞外,纯度达80%,比酶活26.4 U/m g.酶学性质研究表明,K cPGA的最适作用pH和温度分别为pH 7~9和50℃,在pH 5.0~8.0和低于40℃的范围较稳定.     

响应面法酶解剩余活性污泥中微生物蛋白质研究

从剩余活性污泥中提取及分解蛋白质是有效减少污泥二次污染的重要途径．以剩余活性污泥为原料,采用酶解法分解蛋白质,分析了体系ｐＨ值、酶解时间、酶解温度、酶用量、液固比对蛋白质分解率的影响,并应用响应面分析法优化蛋白质分解条件．结果表明:以蛋白质分解率为响应值,经实验后最终确定最优条件为:pH为7.0,液固比4.0:1.0,酶解时间为4.0h,酶解温度为58.0℃,酶用量（E:S）为3.0%,分解率达53.29%,接近响应面模型所预测的分解率．     

酶解法提取紫藤总黄酮及自由基清除活性研究

优选酶辅助法提取紫藤总黄酮工艺条件及总黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性研究.辅助法提取藕节中的总黄酮提取工艺如下:首先纤维素酶酶解,再用乙醇回流.固定提取剂乙醇浓度为70%,固定料液比为1∶20g/mL和回流时间为2h.设计单因素实验和正交实验初步确定了紫藤中总黄酮提取的较佳实验条件.实验结果表明:酶浓度为0.20mg/mL,酶解温度为50℃,pH值为6.0,酶解时间为2.5h,紫藤颈、紫藤叶、紫藤花和紫藤果荚中总黄酮提取率分别为0.94%、4.60%、3.32%和5.16%,可见紫藤不同部位总黄酮含量差异较大.紫藤总黄酮提取液的抗氧化活性及对自由基的清除实验结果显示,紫藤总黄酮提取液对自由基有较强的清除活性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.