乳粉中常见致病菌的多重荧光PCR检测

利用多重荧光PCR技术快速检测乳粉中的沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌.以沙门氏菌的invA基因、志贺氏菌的ipaH基因、金黄色葡萄球菌的nuc基因为靶基因,选择特异性引物,以参照菌种为对象,验证引物的特异性,建立多重荧光PCR检测方法,人工添加沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌,确定方法的检出限.结果表明该方法特异性强、灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为1CFU/mL,可在8h内完成对乳品中沙门氏菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、志贺氏菌的检测.     

以 16S-23S rDNA 间区序列为目的基因设计 PCR 引物鉴定多杀巴斯德氏菌

多杀巴斯德氏菌是养殖动物(鸡,猪,牛等)的重要致病菌.本研究以16S-23S rDNA间区序列为目的基因设计PCR引物鉴定多杀巴斯德氏菌.通过对多杀巴斯德氏菌ITS-IA(含有tDNA-Ile和tDNA-Ala的16S-23S rDNA间区序列)的测序和与GenBank中序列的BLAST,设计筛选了一对特异引物PS-F/PS-R.对引物的特异性和有效性,用PCR方法进行了验证.结果表明:所有的多杀巴斯德氏菌标准菌株和分离菌株都能被检出,而全部39株非多杀巴斯德氏菌都没有扩增出特异性条带.其检测灵敏度能达到102CFU/mL.研究结果表明,发展了的PCR鉴定方法是省时的和可靠的,整个过程只需要20 h,而传统的鉴定方法需要至少5 d的时间.     

PCR检测乳粉中肺炎克雷伯氏菌

利用PCR技术直接检测乳粉中的肺炎克雷伯氏菌,无需增菌.通过滤膜法成功地从人工污染肺炎克雷伯氏菌的乳粉中提取了肺炎克雷伯氏菌的DNA.以肺炎克雷伯氏菌的间区序列(ITS)为靶基因,经过PCR扩增得到158 bp的产物,经过DNA测序证实该产物为目的扩增产物.该方法灵敏度高,乳粉中检测的灵敏度为10CFU/mL,可在6 h内完成对乳品中肺炎克雷伯氏菌的检测,比目前普遍采用的先增菌再进行PCR检测的方法缩短了12-24 h.     

应用PCR技术检测志贺氏菌

建立一种快速检测志贺氏菌PCR检测方法。根据志贺氏菌的侵袭性质粒抗原(ipaH)基因序列,设计引物,建立PCR检测方法。本方法特异性高,均能检测出志贺氏菌属的4个种,整个实验过程8～10h完成。建立的方法可用与实际检测。     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌多重PCR方法的建立

目的为实验动物微生物检测提供一种简便、灵敏、快速,并且特异性强的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌多重PCR检测方法。方法根据小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌fox基因、假结核耶尔森氏菌inv基因、志贺氏菌ipa H基因及空肠弯曲菌gyr A基因设计并筛选出特异性引物;优化退火温度等条件,分析多重PCR的特异性、敏感性,使用该多重PCR方法检测小鼠和豚鼠样品。结果多重PCR扩增出了预计的PCR产物,即小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌(511 bp)、假结核耶尔森氏菌(779 bp)、志贺氏菌(290 bp)和空肠弯曲菌(156 bp)。该方法的灵敏度为1×10-3ng/μL(小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌)和1×10-2ng/μL(空肠弯曲菌)。特异性检测未从其他菌中检测出阳性条带。使用该方法从样品中检测出不等的阳性样品数。结论该多重PCR方法对实验动物微生物检测具有很好的应用和开发前景。     

应用Tem-PCR技术同时检测3种致病菌的研究

应用靶序列富集多重PCR(target enriched multiplex PCR,Tem-PCR)技术建立同时检测沙门氏菌、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌、大肠埃希氏菌O157三种致病菌的高通量简易检测方法.实验分别以沙门氏菌的inv A基因、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌的hly基因、大肠埃希氏菌O157 rfb E基因为靶基因,设计3对特异性引物,并与通用引物连接组成Tem-PCR引物,通过反应条件优化,建立了TemPCR检测方法.结果表明,建立的Tem-PCR方法特异性强,其检测灵敏度分别为沙门氏菌1.1×103CFU/m L、单核细胞增生李斯特氏菌5.6×102CFU/m L、大肠埃希氏菌O157 2.3×103CFU/m L.方法不需要优化调整各引物对的浓度,易于使用,有效地解决了传统多重PCR方法扩增效率不均衡的问题.     

小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌多重PCＲ 方法的建立

摘要: 目的为实验动物微生物检测提供一种简便、灵敏、快速,并且特异性强的小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌和空肠弯曲菌多重PCＲ 检测方法。方法根据小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌fox 基因、假结核耶尔森氏菌inv 基因、志贺氏菌ipaH 基因及空肠弯曲菌gyrA 基因设计并筛选出特异性引物; 优化退火温度等条件,分析多重PCＲ 的特异性、敏感性,使用该多重PCＲ 方法检测小鼠和豚鼠样品。结果多重PCＲ 扩增出了预计的PCＲ产物,即小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌( 511 bp) 、假结核耶尔森氏菌( 779 bp) 、志贺氏菌( 290 bp) 和空肠弯曲菌( 156 bp) 。该方法的灵敏度为1 × 10 － 3 ng /μL( 小肠结肠炎耶尔森氏菌、假结核耶尔森氏菌、志贺氏菌) 和1 × 10 － 2 ng /μL( 空肠弯曲菌) 。特异性检测未从其他菌中检测出阳性条带。使用该方法从样品中检测出不等的阳性样品数。结论该多重PCＲ 方法对实验动物微生物检测具有很好的应用和开发前景。     

建立实时荧光PCR快速鉴定鸡制品中鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的方法

建立基于Taqman探针实时荧光PCR检测鸡伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella gallinarum)的方法.根据GenBank公布的鸡伤寒沙门氏菌基因序列,设计引物和Taqman探针,采用实时荧光PCR进行特异性、灵敏性及模拟样品的检测实验.结果表明:特异性引物和探针可从34株鸡伤寒沙门氏菌菌株、26株其他血清型沙门氏菌和7株非沙门氏菌菌株中检测出全部的34株鸡伤寒沙门氏菌.以鸡伤寒沙门氏菌梯度稀释菌液DNA为模板进行实时荧光PCR实验,菌株模板浓度与Ct值呈良好线性关系,线性系数(R2)为0.999,扩增效率为88.2%,最低检测浓度为5cfu/mL.对已接种鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的模拟样品同时进行实时荧光PCR检测和传统方法鉴定,两者结果一致.该方法特异性好、灵敏度高,是快速鉴定鸡伤寒沙门氏菌的有效方法.     

福氏志贺菌ipaC基因的克隆及序列分析

为了克隆福氏志贺氏菌的ipaC基因，以志贺氏菌福氏2a菌株为摸板进行PCR，并将PCR产物插入列pMD-T载体中，得到阳性重组子，并命名为pMD-ipaC．测序结果显示，其核苷酸序列与文献报道的序列有差异，但编码的氨基酸序列相同，表明志贺氏菌的ipaC基因已被成功克隆．     

痢疾志贺氏菌8型O-抗原基因簇的破译和特异基因的筛选

志贺氏菌是引进细菌性痢疾的重要病原菌，尤其对发展中国家卫生条件不平衡的地区，可造成爆发性流行．本研究用鸟枪法对痢疾志贺氏菌8型的O—抗原基因簇进行测序，得到序列全长为9227bp．用生物信息学的方法进行序列分析，共发现7个基因，分别是：单糖合成基因gne，糖基转移酶基因(4个)；O—抗原转运酶基因wzx和O—抗原聚合酶基因wzy．并用PCR的方法筛选出了针对痢疾志贺氏菌8型细菌的特异基因，可以用于基因芯片或PCR方法对痢疾贺氏菌8型细菌的快速检测．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.