人输卵管组织或条件培养液与小鼠胚胎体外共培养的初步研究

为了检测人输卵管组织共培养系统对胚胎早期体外发育的影响，将超排得来的小鼠2细胞期胚胎与人输卵管组织共培养，或以人输卵管组织培养后的条件培养液进行培养，培养液为Ham’SF10＋10％FCS，并以其作为对照培养液。实验结果显示：输卵管组织悬浮培养在最早几天里就已开始形态上的变化，组织小块沿周边向外生长，形成中间厚，周边薄的小片状。2－4d后可有片状贴附在培养皿底部生长，一些散落单细胞可长成细胞群落。培养1－2周，组织块色粉红。通透、有光泽，并逐渐生长。第3周开始，组织块中有灰白点状显现，一般从中央开始，最后变成灰…     

原代和传代培养的人输卵管上皮细胞对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

体内精卵结合、早期胚胎发育是在输卵管中进行,人们将配子、早期胚胎进行输卵管内移植（GIFT、TET）,发现胚胎发育率和妊娠率都提高。体外模仿输卵管内环境的最好方法是将胚胎与输卵管上皮细胞或组织共培养。本实验用已建立的原代和传代培养的人输卵管上皮细胞分别与小鼠早期胚胎共培养,观察其对早胚发育的影响。胚胎与不同培养时间的人输卵管壶腹部上皮细胞共培养的发育状况见表1。表1人输卵管上皮细胞对小鼠胚胎发育的影响P：原代培养第5－6d细胞;S1－S5：传代1－5代培养第4－5d细胞;T2、T4：传代第2和第4代培养第id细胞,设此…     

人输卵管上皮细胞共培养系统对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

常规体外培养的胚胎桑椹胚以上发育率低,胚胎质量不高及移植环境不适合可能是导致IVF-ET成功率低下的原因。目前,国外一些实验室尝试将多种哺乳动物乃至人的胚胎与输卵管组织或上皮细胞进行共培养,发现有促进胚胎体外发育及提高妊娠率的作用,本课题组将人输卵管上皮细胞与小鼠胚胎共培养,观察其对胚胎体外发育及胚胎质量的影响。结果显示：共培养的胚胎24h后大部分发育到4细胞期以上,发育快的已达桑椹胚。培养48h后共培养的胚胎大部分发育成桑椹胚,有些已开始形成囊胚腔。到72h,正常发育的共培养胚胎形成囊胚和孵出囊胚。3个观察…     

原代和传代培养的人输卵管上皮细胞对小鼠胚胎体外发育的影响

为了检测人输卵管上皮细胞对早期胚胎体外发育的影响，将小鼠２细胞胚胎与人输卵管上皮细胞进行体外共培养．结果显示：无论原代培养还是传代培养的人输卵管上皮细胞都可使胚胎发育率提高，发育速度加快．经传代４次以后的细胞对胚胎发育的促进作用有下降的趋势，所以传代第１至第４代是应用于共培养的最佳选择．同一代细胞中已贴壁稳定生长的细胞对胚胎发育的促进作用比刚经传代尚未贴壁的细胞大．     

人类输卵管上皮细胞培养

哺乳动物输卵管是生殖过程中配子输送、受精及着床前胚胎发育的场所。在体外授精一胚胎移植（IVF－ET）工程中,虽然体外培养条件已不断得到改进,但精卵结合、胚胎早期发育及受孕率仍远不及体内。有人尝试用完整的兔子输卵管体外支持牛卵体外成熟、受精及早胚发育获得成功。用羊输卵管上皮细胞与羊胚胎体外共培养,发现可促进胚胎发育并得到高活力胚胎。更进一步的研究证明输卵管上皮细胞可能通过分泌特异蛋白而对精子、卵子及早胚产生影响。目前,对该特异分泌蛋白的研究尚不完全,在体研究很受限制,所以人输卵管上皮细胞体外培养是一…     

胚胎单个定位及三维共培养微流控装置的构建

胚胎体外发育是临床人工辅助生殖技术中的关键环节,对着床后胚胎发育状况有重要作用。该研究利用细胞三维培养技术和微流控芯片技术构建了一种新型的小鼠胚胎体外共培养装置,用于实现自动化的小鼠胚胎定位与共培养操作,并对胚胎在体内的发育环境进行模拟。利用该微流控装置成功进行了小鼠胚胎的单个定位、三维细胞共培养以及发育追踪观察,并对装置中胚胎发育状况做出评价。统计结果表明:共培养芯片中小鼠胚胎发育囊胚率(87.3%±3.1%)显著高于对照组的囊胚率(76.8%±2.7%,P0.01);并且共培养芯片中小鼠囊胚的平均细胞总数(102±4)也显著高于对照组中的平均细胞总数(68±3,P0.01)。因此该胚胎共培养微流控芯片有助于在体外实现自动化的胚胎定位和培养过程,并且对小鼠胚胎发育具有更好的促进作用。     

稀土氧化物对小鼠胚胎体外发育和胚胎移植影响的初步研究

将稀土氧化物加入人胚胎常用体外培养液 Ham'sF-10中,对2细胞小鼠胚胎进行体外培养。发现稀土氧化物浓度为50～100ppm 时,胚胎发育速度及发育率明显高于 Ham'sF-10对照组,且发育加快现象在培养的24小时内己出现,浓度200ppm以上时,促生长效应逐渐减弱;800ppm 以上时,胚胎发育受抑制也在24小时内出现。将在 Ham'sF-10和含50ppm 稀土氧化物的 Ham'sF-10培养液中培养72小时后发育的囊胚分别移植入两组各9只受体母鼠,两组的受体产仔率没有显著性差别,仔鼠未见畸形或生长异常。     

胚胎的培养液平均拥有量和单独或群体培养对牛体外受精胚胎发育的影响

采用化学成分明确的培养系统,研究了胚胎的培养液平均拥有量以及单独或群体培养对牛IVF卵体外发育的影响.将牛体外受精(IVF)卵分别以每100、50和20μl培养液小滴内10枚卵子的形式进行发育培养,三个处理组的囊胚发育率分别为:6.0%、9.4%和14.3%,三者间无显著差异.在此基础上,选择培养效果较好的每枚胚胎2μl的培养液量,分别在20、10、4、2μl小滴内培养10、5、2、1枚胚胎,四个组的囊胚发育率分别为:10.0%、16.4%、10.0%、4.0%,5枚胚胎/10μl小滴处理组的囊胚率显著高于1枚胚胎/2μl处理组(p<0.05).研究结果表明:不同培养液拥有量以及单独或群体培养都可支持部分胚胎发育至囊胚阶段,降低培养液体积和群体培养更有助于牛IVF卵的体外发育.     

人输卵管组织培养液对人精子顶体反应的影响

哺乳动物包括人类的输卵管在生殖过程对精子获能、顶体反应、配子运转、受精、营养和胚胎发育起重要作用。为了检测人输卵管组织共培养系统对人精子受精能力的影响,本试验观察了月经中期人输卵管组织培养液对人精子顶体反应的影响,并以培养液Harn’sF10％FCS作为对照,结果表明在共孵育不同时间后用三色染色法检测：实验组与对照组都能促进精子的顶体反应,其中实验组对精子的顶体反应的影响强于对照组,提示人类输卵管上皮组织可能分泌某种因子使人精子易于发生顶体反应。人输卵管组织培养液对人精子顶体反应的影响@张春雪$暨南大学生…     

国产试剂配制的培养液对小鼠早期胚胎培养效果的研究

本实验用 Whitten 的小鼠早期胚胎培养法验证了国产试剂配制培养液对小鼠早期胚胎体外培养的效果。实验表明,在用国产试剂配制的小鼠早期胚胎培养液中,2—细胞胚胎能正常发育到囊胚阶段。     

牛体外受精卵发育培养条件的研究

将采自屠宰母牛卵巢的未成熟卵子在含有促进性腺激素和胎牛血清的TCM199培养基内培养成熟后,使用以钙离子载体Ionophore A23187诱导获能的牛精子进行授精处理.在受精卵发育用培养基中添加了谷氨酰胺,并以此与无添对照进行了对比,探索了培养基内谷氨酰胺的存在与否对胚胎发育的影响.另外,在发育用培养基内还分别添加了胎牛血清(FCS),阉牛血清(NSS)以及发情母牛血清(OCS)以观察其培养效果,结果表明,谷氨酰胺对胚胎的发育有极大的促进作用,添加谷氨酰胺的处理组与对照组中发育为桑椹胚、囊胚的胚胎比例分别为23.4%和6.6%,具有极显著的整异.而在含有FCS、NSS和OCS的TCM199培养基内培养的卵子中分别有81.4%,70.7%和82.9%发育为二细胞期胚胎,将胚胎继续培养至授精后第8天时,三个处理组中发育为桑椹胚、囊胚的胚胎比例分别为30.0%,40.2%和47.1%,以OCS的培养效果为最佳.本研究的结果证明,谷氨酰胺和发情母牛血清对牛体外受精卵的体外发育具有良好的促进作用.     

Interfamily pregnancy and expression of CD57, CD68 in deciduas between golden hamster and mouse

Pregnancy between different species is one of the key steps to interspecific somatic cell cloning. Although interspecific clone embryos have been constructed, they could not develop to birth after being transferred to recipi-ents. In order to clarify the mechanism of this phenomenon, interfamily pregnancy between golden hamste (Mesocricetus auratus) and mouse (Mus musculus) was studied. Co-culture results indicated that the adhesion ratios of golden hamster blastocysts on mouse uterine epithelia monolayer 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after co-culture were all significantly lower than those of mouse blastocysts. The outgrowth ratios of golden hamster blastocysts on mouse uterine epithelia monolayer 48, 72 h after co-culture were both significantly lower than those of mouse blastocysts (P < 0.01). Golden hamster抯 blastula could be implanted and develop to D 11 of pregnancy after being transferred to mouse uterus (the 7th day after embryo transfer). Compared to the transfer of mouse embryo to mouse uterus, the successful ratio of interfamily embryo transfer was lower and the bulk of fetus was smaller than that of intraspecific fetus. Compared to intraspecific preg-nancy of mouse, the remote decidual tissue of interfamily pregnancy on D8 is looser. At the same time, expressions of CD57 and CD 68 in remote deciduas were both higher than those in the secondary deciduas in both intraspecific and interfamily pregnancy. However, expressions of the two molecules in interfamily pregnancy were lower than those in intraspecific pregnancy. These results showed that interfam-ily pregnancy could be established between golden hamster and mouse. But the development of fetus in interfamily pregnancy was slower than that in intraspecific pregnancy. The expression difference of CD57 and CD68 indicates the difference of immunoreaction between interfamily and in-traspecific pregnancy, which may be one of the reasons lead-ing to interfamily pregnancy termination.     

兔ES样细胞系的建立及其特性分析

报道从２３７枚家兔胚胎中建成７个可连续传代的ＥＳ样细胞系。建系条件为，使用小鼠原始胚胎成纤维细胞（ＭＥ）作饲养层，以含１０％胎年血清和１０％兔血清的ＤＭＥＭ／Ｆ１２为培养基，添加白血病抑制因子（ＬＩＦ）或上皮生长因子（ＥＧＦ），胚龄为９０，９６ｈ。该细胞系的细胞。在许多方面类似于小鼠ＥＳ细胞，具干细胞的形态特征，呈集落型生长，可连续传代并保持其形态特征，具有一定的自发分化和诱导分化的能力，悬浮培养     

无核白葡萄胚挽救机理的研究

选用无核白葡萄在开花后35￣60d,取其胚接种在含有GA3+IAA+6-BA的不同激素水平MS培养基上,进行胚挽救,以探讨研究无核葡萄的胚挽救机理.结果表明无核白在开花后50d胚挽救效果最好.在附加GA30.5mg.L-1+IAA1.5mg.L-1+6-BA 0.5mg.L-1的MS培养基上得到了84%的发育率和31.9%的成苗率(50d);开花后60d的发育率最高,得到了100%的发育率,却未得到成苗,说明在胚挽救中幼胚的不同部位其发育与败育过程不同步.对无核葡萄胚挽救适期的确定依据提出了新的见解.     

Aberrant DNA methylation patterns in cultured mouse embryos

Mouse early embryos undergo genome-wide demethylation and remethylation events during pre-implantation development. Abnormal methylation reprogramming is thought to be associated with development arrest. Using immunofluorescence staining with an antibody against 5-methylcytosine (MeC), we examined the genome methylation patterns of mouse embryos cultured in vitro. The results did not show the difference in staining patterns between development-blocked two-cell embryos that cultured in vitro and the two-cell embryos that were freshly collected from the donor mice. But in vitro-arrested morulae displayed a strong positive staining when compared to the morulae freshly collected from the donor mice. At the blastocyst stage, although most embryos showed the expected methylation patterns, with highly stained inner cell mass (ICM) and weekly stained trophectoderm (TE), a proportion of embryos were dimly stained in both ICM and TE. These results indicated that the methylation profile of the embryos could be changed by culturing in vitro when the embryos were in the transition from morulae to blastocyst.     

静电场对小鼠胚胎发育能力的影响

首次报道哺乳动物胚胎经静电场处理后对＂细胞阻滞＂和后期发育能力的影响．结果表明，用静电场处理小鼠体外受精卵和２细胞胚胎时，对克服小鼠＂２细胞阻滞＂无显著影响．处理发育于Ｍ１６＋１００μＭＥＤＴＡ＋输卵管上皮的２细胞胚胎时，显著提高了胚胎的发育能力，最佳处理剂量的囊胚率从４２％提高到６４％，囊胚孵化率从２０％提高到４５％．     

Effect of leptin on oocyte maturation and subsequent pregnancy rate of cloned embryos reconstructed by somatic cell nuclear transfer in pigs

Cloning pigs by somatic cell nuclear transfer （SCNT） has wide applications in basic research, human medicine and agricultural production. To improve cloning efficiency, the effect of two basic maturation media, NCSU-23 and TCM199, was compared, and TCM199 was selected for the following experiments with leptin. We systematically studied the effects of leptin supplementation on oocytes in vitro maturation （IVM）, in vitro development of parthenogenetically activated （PA） and SCNT embryos and in vivo development of SCNT embryos after embryo transfer （ET）. The results showed that supplementation of 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin into the maturation medium did not greatly affect nuclear maturation of oocytes, or cleavage rates of PA and SCNT （P 〉 0.05）. Blastocyst rates of PA and SCNT embryos were significantly improved when 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin was added to maturation medium, and the number of cells in PA blastocysts was also improved （P 〈 0.05）. The number of cells in blastocyst of SCNT was improved, when 100 ng/ml leptin was added （P 〈 0.05）. Furthermore, supplementation of 100 or 200 ng/ml leptin to the IVM medium may improve pregnancy rate and the delivery rate inpig cloning.