基于长度分布求解纤维长度损伤的定量方法

纤维的断裂和折钩在纺纱中会发生,属纤维长度损伤,其准确表达对发现加工失误,提高梳理效果意义重大.现有的长度特征值表达在精度、灵敏和针对性上均较差.本实验和理论分析证明,基于纤维根数加权长度分布的面积差计算,可有效、定量地给出成纱中纤维的显性损伤（断裂）和隐性损伤（折钩）.其中,从毛条到粗纱各工序的纤维断裂百分率为1%~7%,全过程总和达27%,若能使各道断裂百分率小于2%,则显性损伤可减少近80%;对隐性损伤的消除能力有限,最好才达7%,若能使折钩率降低一半,则意味着粗短纤维减少10%.这是有效利用纤维、提高成纱质量和制成率的关键.     

超声波处理对羊毛纤维性能的影响

以未处理、55℃超声波处理和沸水处理的羊毛纤维为研究对象,对比分析两种处理方法对纤维力学性能、表面形态、化学结构的影响,从纤维角度探讨超声波低温染色的机理.试验结果表明,经超声波处理后的羊毛,束纤维强度降低,油脂质量分数减少,纤维表面鳞片张角增大并产生不规则裂纹,部分二硫键断裂,纤维分子有序程度降低,因此,羊毛在染色过程中更易润湿,染料更易进入纤维内部并扩散.     

散毛染色损伤分析

本文对酸性媒介染料散毛染色前后的羊毛性能做了测试和分析,发现纤维受到严重损伤,表现为强力、伸长、膨松度大大降低。纤维损伤主要是以化学损伤、局部损伤、毡缩损伤3种形式出现的。为减少纤维损伤,提高染色毛的纺纱性能,进行了一些探讨。     

纤维束断裂过程中的临界现象

研究了纤维束断裂过程中的不稳定点。在不稳定点，任何小的断裂都可能引发大的断裂事件。根据不同的断裂性质，将不稳定点分为三类：临界点、亚临界点和准临界点。具体构造了一个单纤维强度阈值分布函数，由这样的纤维组成的纤维束将展示上述几种临界现象。给出了相应的计算机数值模拟结果。     

羊毛束纤维蒸汽处理后的拉伸性能研究

探讨羊毛柬纤维经蒸汽处理后拉伸性能的变化。在INSTRON上对处理时间不同的羊毛柬纤维，采取不同的夹持隔距进行拉伸试验，结果表明，在一定条件下，随着处理时间的增加，柬纤维强力下降，断裂伸长增加，其拉伸力学性能随隔距增大的变化趋势与未经蒸汽处理的柬纤维基本一样：断裂强力逐渐下降，断裂伸长，断裂功逐渐增大。     

纤维对偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的增韧改性

在偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物中加入纤维改善地聚合物的韧性.用不同龄期样品的抗冲击功、抗折强度、样品受压过程分析和受压样品外貌及断口形貌显微分析等表征纤维对地聚合物的增韧效果.结果表明:BF型化纤可显著提高偏高岭土-矿渣基地聚合物的韧性.80℃养护条件下,BF型化纤掺量为0.7%时,样品3d和28 d的抗冲击功较同龄期净浆提高了136.38%和188.62%,抗折强度提高了40.30%和37.33%;样品28 d的极限载荷较净浆提高了30.21%,受压破坏时的形变量增加了18.06%,且样品受压破坏的断裂功明显大于净浆的断裂功,极限载荷与失效载荷比值为1.60(净浆为1.13);BF型化纤穿插于硬化体结构内部,具有桥联搭接作用.     

聚酯复丝中纤维的强伸度及其分布

测定了聚酯复丝内各根纤维和一根纤维的线密度、强度以及断裂伸长 ,并利用Weibull分布模型分析了复丝内各根纤维和一根纤维的强度分布 .得出 :复丝内各根纤维间和一根纤维的断裂强度不匀基本相同 ,都小于断裂伸长不匀 .聚酯复丝中单纤维的强度较好地符合Weibull分布 ,同时存在斜率变化现象 .     

等离子体处理对芳砜纶相关性能的影响

为提高芳砜纶(polysulfonamide,PSA)纤维表面摩擦因数,改善其可纺性,用等离子体技术对其进行处理,测试不同时间、真空度处理前后纤维性能的变化.结果表明:常压下随处理时间的延长,纤维的断裂伸长性能无显著变化;纤维静摩擦因数提高了22.5%～61.6%;动摩擦因数在各试验条件下无明显变化;宜采用常压等离子体处理芳砜纶纤维.     

羊毛单纤维性质对束纤维强伸性的影响

对21种澳大利亚羊毛进行单纤维性质测量,其包括纤维的直径及其离散、纤维卷曲性质和纤维强伸性质.同时采用SIROLAN-TENSOR对此类羊毛做束纤维力学性质测量.通过实验结果的对比分析得到,单纤维强伸性与束纤维强伸性存在线性相关,纤维直径和卷曲也与束纤维强度和伸长有较好的相关.因此采用束纤维力学指标表征单纤维性质,在理论和实用上都是可行的.     

超声波对超细羊毛纤维中性染料染色的影响

采用超声波处理对超细羊毛纤维进行不同深度的染色其影响不尽相同。研究表明,对于染料用量3 %(owf)以下的中浅色,染色前对纤维进行超声波处理,75 ℃染色可达到常规沸染的效果;而对于染料用量5 %(owf)的深色,超声波处理对染色有一定帮助,但作用与中浅色相比相差较多;超声波处理可以将染色温度降为85 ℃,减少纤维损伤,节约能源。     

The Study of Top Dyeing Damage by Bundle Tensile Testing

It is well known that top dyeing is an Important step in wool processing, but it will result in the damage of fibre in normal dyeing. How to measure the damage quickly and to evaluate it quantitatively are vital important for wool industry and also interested for wool researchers. For the purpose, nineteen tops dyed in normal condition from three wool textile mills in China were tested with TENSOR, a bundle fibre tensile tester. The experimental results showed that the dyeing damage rate of bundle strength of these tops is 6% - 7% in average and some tops were higher than 10% dyeing damage. Meanwhile, the dyeing damages for different wool mills were discussed . It is obvious that bundle tensile test is an efficient and quick method to evaluate the damage caused by top dyeing and to identify the difference between wool mills in quality and quantity.     

Effect of Stretching - Setting Treatment on Dyeing Behavior of Wool

Changes of dyeing behavior of wool after stretching -setting treatment are studied. Effects of stretching -setting on wool structure are analyzed. It is concluded that stretching - setting treatment not only reduces wool diameter and increases wool length, but also brings about low-temperature dyeing of wool.     

Research on the Dyeing and Finishing Properties of Wool Treated with Chitosan

The dyeing and finishing properties of wool treated with chitosan were studied. It was shown that chitosan can be absorbed by wool in an acetic acid bath, both dyeing rate and equilibrium dye uptake of wool treated with chitosan increase in a wide pH range from strong acid to neutral conditions. This work also indicated that chitosan could be used to achieve feltproofing of wool.     

Leveling Improvement for the Dyeing of the Shrinkproofed Wool

In this paper,the dyeing behavior of shrinkproofed woolusing Lanasol reactive dyes was studied.Good dyeinglevelness was obtained by modifying the common dyeingprocess.To minimize the strength loss,low temperaturedyeing process was chosen.The strength loss of shrink-proofed wool dyed at low temperature and high tempera-ture were compared.The exhaustion and fixation werealso determined at different temperature and pH.     

Relationships between the Tensile Properties and Tenacity-extension Behaviour of Fibre-bundles

Fibre bundle testing is different from single-fibre measurement, not only in testing methods and instruments, but in the results obtained. For wool fibres, Sirolan-TENSOR can supply fibre-bundle tenacity (BS) and bundle extension ( BE), but has some limitations on the analysis of the measured tensile curves of fibre bundles. It has not only raised new parameters, such as initial modulus (BM) and specific work of rupture (BW), as well as the specific work before or after the peak-point(WBP or WAP) and the ratios of WAP/WBP and WAP/BW, but also compared the tensile behaviour of different fibre-bundles, e.g. wool, polyester and viscose rayon fibre-bundles. The experimental results from 32 lots of wool tops show that there are correlations between bundle tensile properties, such as BS-BE, BS-BM, BS-BW, BE-BW and BM-BW. However, the variables of coefficients of variance (CV) are almost independent of each other and have no correlation with the average values of fibre bundle tensile parameters, except for BS-     

Low Temperature Dyeing and Shrinkage-Resistance Finishing of Wool by Composition of Salt-Ammonia and Enzyme Treatment

Wool top and knitted fabric were treated with ammonia in the presence of sodium chloride （salt-ammonia process）. The effectiveness of salt-ammonia process traditionally used as pretreatment for low temperature dyeing has been investigated for conferring shrink-resistance of wool. The pretreatmont of salt-ammonia process followed by enzymatic treatment has been proved that contribute to not only the enhancement of dyeing behavionr but also shrinkage-resistance in the present studies. A novel composition of salt-ammonia pretreatment, oxidized and reduced treatment as well as protease modification was recommended to achieve low temperature dyeing and shrinkage-resistance of wool. At the same time, the process conditions were optimized by orthogonal array and assessed by dye uptake rate, weight loss and area shrinkage. Laboratory experiments showed that the knitted fabric treated according to optimized conditions of the combined process, achieved not only improvement of dye abilities but also the strict requirement of machine-washable, representing a possible alternative to chlorination.