图像法测定羊毛卷曲度

设计了一个测试系统,研究了采用图像分析技术对羊毛纤维的两维卷曲进行测量的方法,提出了羊毛卷曲的定量指标——卷曲曲率半径,采用切比雪夫曲线拟合的方法构造羊毛卷曲的数学模型,研究了不同测试长度下羊毛卷曲曲率半径的变化,分析了测试长度对测试结果的影响.实测表明,该系统具有较好的可行性.     

超声波处理对羊毛纤维性能的影响

以未处理、55℃超声波处理和沸水处理的羊毛纤维为研究对象,对比分析两种处理方法对纤维力学性能、表面形态、化学结构的影响,从纤维角度探讨超声波低温染色的机理.试验结果表明,经超声波处理后的羊毛,束纤维强度降低,油脂质量分数减少,纤维表面鳞片张角增大并产生不规则裂纹,部分二硫键断裂,纤维分子有序程度降低,因此,羊毛在染色过程中更易润湿,染料更易进入纤维内部并扩散.     

羊毛纤维的结构弱节及力学行为

纤维结构弱节决定纤维的力学性能。本文提出的断裂端特征的SEM观察及该纤维对应拉伸性质的组合分析方法，可获得羊毛纤维结构弱节及破坏的特征与证据。实验证明，依据拉伸曲线和断裂端形貌特征可知羊毛纤维的弱节结构主要表现为集中缺陷结构、细颈弱结构、机械损伤弱结构和散布缺陷结构，其与力学行为和形态弱节存在很好的相关。缺陷散布性弱节结构，应该引入曲线的抖动特征或临界断裂功判定依据。     

羊毛纤维的形态弱节及特征

对羊毛纤维弱节的几何形态特征，采用SEM观察进行了分类定义和表征。实际观察发现羊毛的弱节有纤维细颈和形态结构缺陷二类，其中形态结构缺陷主要是天然生长和人为加工中的畸变点和损伤点。弱节的几何长度为纤维直径的2－4倍，且弱节越多，纤维直径离散越大。同时分析了羊毛形态弱节的主要成因。     

Optim纤维的物理性能研究

Optim纤维是一种经过特殊拉伸和定型的羊毛纤维，由澳大利亚联邦科学院羊毛所研制。由于其性能特殊，已与原来的羊毛纤维存在很大差异。系列物理形态特性的测量，表征和解释给出了该纤维的特征和相互关系。     

束纤维强伸性分析在毛条染色损伤中的应用

毛条染色是经常进行的加工过程,而染色会损伤纤维.及时地检测和给出这种损伤量,十分必要.采用束纤维强伸性测量方法(TENSOR),能快速准确地给出毛条染色前后的强度、伸长、断裂功的护伤.实验结果表明,国内毛条染色的强度损伤在6%～7%,伸长损伤在4%～5%,断裂功损伤在8%～10%.这反映出毛条染色加工中的原毛条质量的浪费.     

羊毛纤维重复扭转疲劳性能的研究

在自行设计的单纤维扭转疲劳试验仪上测试了品质支数为70的羊毛的重复扭转疲劳性能.得到了羊毛扭转疲劳至断裂的循环次数N与扭转角θ、张力p的关系,分析了纤维重复扭转性能的规律,并提出了基准测试参数.     

新型羊毛再生蛋白.聚丙烯腈共混纤维性能的研究

测试、分析并评价羊毛再生蛋白-聚丙烯腈共聚纤维的部分物理化学性能.发现该纤维的断裂伸长率较大,断裂强度较低,卷曲弹性较高,吸湿回潮率高,保持了羊毛和腈纶的各自的优良性能;耐弱酸、弱碱性较好,且耐酸性较耐碱性好,耐一般有机溶剂性好,在中、低温条件下耐还原氧化性能好.纤维具有羊毛及腈纶的特征基因.研究羊毛再生蛋白-聚丙烯腈共聚纤维的染整性能与加工工艺可用酸性染料或阳离子染料染色.认为染整加工中该纤雏的漂白与染色问题具有特殊性.确定了亚铁离子预处理,H2O2漂白的工艺条件,达到了染整加工要求的白度.提出制备一种新型混合染料专门用于该纤维的染色加工的新思路.采用电导法确定阳离子染料与防沉淀剂的质量比按1:7～1:9混合后,再与酸性染料混合,制备出了该纤雏的专用染料,为这种新型纤维品种或类似纤维品种的染料开发与染整加工提供参考.     

基于断裂声波形分析的断裂纤维识别与计数

束纤维拉伸断裂时发出的声信号,可以用来表征束纤维的断裂行为,但拉伸过程中同步产生的噪声会干扰对断裂声信号的判断.为了精确求出束纤维拉伸试验中在某一时刻或某一伸长时的断裂根数,提出了基于小波变换和波形分析的方法来区别纤维断裂声和噪声.对比了不同波形参数区分断裂声和纤维噪声的效果,并提出了复合参数M,试验结果验证了采用M参数临界值所得的断裂纤维总数判定准确,误差率小于5%.根据纤维断裂时间可以计算出单纤维断裂伸长率分布.因为不受纤维强度离散的影响,较之基于束纤维强伸曲线计算的结果,其具有更高的可靠性和准确性.     

羊毛纤维染色性能的研究

对羊毛纤维的低温染色工艺进行了研究,并与常规的染色工艺进行了比较.实验结果表明,采用酸性蛋白酶处理与染色同浴进行可以实现羊毛的低温染色,节约能源,缩短染色时间,提高生产效率,降低环境污染.同时对羊毛的强力损伤很小,此工艺在技术上是可行,经济上是合理的.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＦｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｔｅｓｔｅｒｓｗｅｒｅｏｒｉｇｉｎａｌｌｙｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｅｄａｎｄｓｔａｎｄａｒｄｉｓｅｄｆｏｒｃｏｔｔｏｎｆｉｂｒｅｓ[1,2 ] .Ｔｈｅｐｕｒｐｏｓｅｗａｓｔｏｇｉｖｅａｒａｐｉｄｍｅａｓｕｒｅｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｅａｎｆｉｂｒｅｓｔｒｅｎｇｔｈｗｈｉｃｈａｖｏｉｄｓｔｈｅｎｅｃｅｓ ｓｉｔｙｏｆｍｅａｓｕｒｉｎｇａｌａｒｇｅｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆｓｉｎｇｌｅｆｉｂｒｅｓ.Ｔｈｅｆｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｓｔｅｒｗａｓｌａｔｅｒｕｓｅｄｆｏｒｗｏｏｌｆ…     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅰ: Sample Preparation, Bundle Mass and Fibre Alignment of Wool Bundles

Due to the effects of samples and testing conditions on fibre-bundle tensile behaviour, it is necessary to investigate the relationships between experimental factors and tensile properties for the fibre-bumdle tensile tester (TENSOR). The effects of bundle sample preparation, fibre bundle mass and fibre alignment have been tested. The experimental results indicated that (1) the low damage in combing and no free-end fibres in the cut bundle are most important for the sample preparation; (2) the reasonable bundle mass is 400- 700tex, but the tensile properties measured should bemodified with the bundle mass because a small amount of bundle mass causes the scatter results, while the larger is the bundle mass, the more difficult to comb fibres parallel and to clamp fibre evenly; and (3) the fibre irregular arrangement forms a slack bundle resulting in interaction between fibres, which will affect the reproducibility and accuracy of the tensile testing.     

Analytical Algorithms for the Blend Ratios by Fibre-bundle Tensile Curves Part Ⅲ:The Definition Method and the Relationships between the Blend Ratio and Tensile Parameters Calculated from Different Ways

The algorithms of the strength, work, modulus and percentage methods have been introduced and discussed in Part Ⅰ and Part Ⅱ of the series papers. As the following, the percentage-function calculation and the frequency-function calculation of the definition method are defined and developed in detail. Meanwhile, the procedures to find the tensile parameters are analysed experimentally and involve "ED" being the average values of the corresponding tensile parameters of each bundle tensile curve measured; "EC" being the tensile parameters obtained from the averaged experimental tensile curve; and "TC" being the parameters of the theoretical tensile curve according to the corresponding nominal blend ratio. The theoretical and experimental results indicate that the blend ratio estimated by the definition method from wool/polyester blended fibre bundles has a high correlation with the actual blend ratio though the variables to be known in this method are the most of all the methods and there exist the difficulty to solve fibre bundle tensile behaviour without fibre broken in accuracy and that there are high correlations between the EC and TC data and the tensile parameters should be calculated using the EC method rather than the ED method with the exception of the bundle initial modulus. The relationships between blend ratios and the tensile properties of blended fibre bundles can be used to select the optimum blend ratio of blended tops or yarns.     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties Part Ⅱ: the Gauge Length and Elongation Speed in Wool Fibre Bundle Measurement

The testing conditions of a fibre bundle tensile tester (TENSOR) are elongation speed (ES), gauge length (GL), pretension, jaw pressure, environmental temperature and relative humidity, instrument linearity and sensitivity. The effects on fibre-bundle tensile properties at different GL and ES have been discussed in detail and compared with Peirce's theories on the weaklinks and the breaking time effect. The experimental results indicate that the tensile properties of fibre bundles are strongly affected by GL and vary with different GL. The reasonable GL should be 5-15mm rather than 3.2mm for wool bundle measurements. The ES ranging from 20mm/min to 40mm/min is beneficial for obtaining comparatively stable and accurate tensile values, whereas 20 mm/min used in current testing for wool fibre bundles is at the lower limit of the suggested range. For bundle modulus measurement, the sampling interval must be selected appropriately. The new calculation of the sampling interval has been established.     

纤维弱节的力学特征与判定

纤维弱节是造成纤维力学性能退化和纤维品质下降的主要原因。这里采用单纤维拉伸和形态轮廓观察结合的方法，对羊电纤维弱节的力学行为进行表征。提出了用纤维细节处的平均断裂应力σ^-和断裂应变ε^-，作为纤维弱节的判断的依据。并对羊电的细节断裂、弱节断裂，非弱节(正常)断裂的概率作了实到和理论计算，其结果分别为印％、奶％和印％。这征明作者采用的单纤维性能分析仪(SIFAN)法和显微图像加单纤维强力仪(OM XQ)法的实用性与有效性。     

Effect of Testing Conditions on Fibre-Bundle Tensile Properties-Part Ⅱ: the Gauge Length and Elongation Speed in Wool Fibre Bundle Measurement

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＩｎＰａｒｔⅠｏｎｔｈｉｓｔｏｐｉｃ ,ｗｅｈａｖｅｍｅｎｔｉｏｎｅｄｔｈｒｅｅｓｏｒｔｓｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓｗｈｉｃｈａｆｆｅｃｔｔｈｅｒｅｓｕｌｔｓｏｆｆｉｂｒｅｂｕｎｄｌｅｔｅｎｓｉｌｅｔｅｓｔｉｎｇａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｅｄｔｈｅｅｆｆｅｃｔｏｆｔｈｅｆｉｒｓｔｓｏｒｔｏｆｔｈｅｆａｃｔｏｒｓ,ｎａｍｅｌｙｆｉｂｒｅ ｂｕｎｄｌｅｍａｓｓ,ｆｉｂｒｅａｌｉｇｎｍｅｎｔｉｎａｂｕｎｄｌｅａｎｄｃｌａｍｐｉｎｇｐｒｅｓｓｕｒｅｏｆｊａｗｓ[1] ,ａｓｗｅｌｌａｓｔｈｅｂｕｎｄ…     

Estimation of Single-fibre Tensile Properties from the Bundle Tensile Curve of Polyester Fibres

Fibre bundle tensile curves can be used to characterise fibre processing properties and end-use performance directly and to predict single-fibre properties in theory. In this paper, the tensile behaviour of polyester fibre-bundles has been analysed in characteristic values and diagramming. The characteristic distributions which include the symmetry distribution on right part, SRBS‘(e), on left part, SLBS‘(e) and the curve on base-line modification, MBS‘(e),based on the modulus distribution, BS‘(e), as well as thefrequency density function of broken fibres, B‘(e), havebeen derived from the tail of bundle tensile curves. Thetheoretical and measured results show that the mostimportant curves are MRS‘(e) and B‘(e) and can be usedto estimate the breaking-extension distribution of singlefibres. Especially for MRS‘(e), the modulus distributioncan accurately characterize single-fibre tensile propertiesand is no limitation as the calculation of B‘(e) because thebundle specific stress Y(e) of no fibre breaking at extensione should be found at first.     

Relationships between the Tensile Properties and Tenacity-extension Behaviour of Fibre-bundles

Fibre bundle testing is different from single-fibre measurement, not only in testing methods and instruments, but in the results obtained. For wool fibres, Sirolan-TENSOR can supply fibre-bundle tenacity (BS) and bundle extension ( BE), but has some limitations on the analysis of the measured tensile curves of fibre bundles. It has not only raised new parameters, such as initial modulus (BM) and specific work of rupture (BW), as well as the specific work before or after the peak-point(WBP or WAP) and the ratios of WAP/WBP and WAP/BW, but also compared the tensile behaviour of different fibre-bundles, e.g. wool, polyester and viscose rayon fibre-bundles. The experimental results from 32 lots of wool tops show that there are correlations between bundle tensile properties, such as BS-BE, BS-BM, BS-BW, BE-BW and BM-BW. However, the variables of coefficients of variance (CV) are almost independent of each other and have no correlation with the average values of fibre bundle tensile parameters, except for BS-     

聚酰胺系纤维及其并列型复合纤维结构与性能的研究

本文以聚酰胺和共聚酰胺纤维及其并列复合丝为对象,研究了共聚物第二单体含量及后加工过程对纤维超分子结构、收缩性能和卷曲性能的影响。结果表明:纤维大分子链卷曲收缩能力和分子间作用力的相互关系是影响纤维上述性能的根本因素。