一种适用于77 K下读出电路的电流源

给出了一种应用于低温光敏探测器读出电路的可编程电流源,工作在液氮环境（77 K）,无外加单元,与一般电流源设计不同,本设计将部分MOS管设计在亚阈值区工作来提高电路工作稳定性。此电流源设计采用0.5 μm标准CMOS工艺。工作电压为5 V。室温测试当工作电压从2.3 V到6.4 V变化时,输出电流从199 nA变化到212 nA,精度为1.4%/V。在液氮环境测试当工作电压从3V到6.8 V变化时,输出电流从355 nA变化到372 nA,精度为1.3%/V。由于电路工作温度稳定,所以不要求电流源有良好的对温度稳定性。     

高精度高性能晶体振荡器电路

设计了一种用于实时时钟的高精度高性能晶体振荡器.采用振幅控制机理以达到高频率稳定性和低功耗的要求,基于外部电容调谐的原理来进一步提高实时时钟精度.电路在0.6μm CMOS工艺上实现,测试结果表明在工作电压为3 V的条件下,振荡器的工作电流小于240 nA,振荡器能够稳定工作在1.5~5.5 V的电压范围,时钟精度可达5.8×10-6.     

具有欠压锁定功能的PWM控制器带隙基准电路的实现

目的设计一款应用于PWM控制器的带隙基准。方法前级的欠压锁定电路在电源电压上升到8.2V时才能开启,当电源电压下降到7.8V后级电路关断,既保证了整个电路的正常工作,又节省了电路的功耗。结果 CADENCE Spectre软件仿真结果表明:温度为25℃时,带隙基准输出电压为5.006 5V;在-55℃～125℃的温度变化范围内,基准的温度稳定性为0.17mV/℃;电源电压12V≤Vcc≤25V,基准输出的最大变化为0.233mV;基准输出电流1mA≤Io≤20mA,输出电压的最大变化为1.81mV;基准电路的输出短路电流为-105mA。结论版图基于华越微电子有限公司SB45V双极工艺流程和版图层次设计,流片测试结果证明本单元的设计满足要求。     

基于升降压的高效率低纹波LED驱动芯片设计

设计了一款基于同相Buck-Boost变换器的LED驱动控制芯片.设计的控制电路实现了从降压模式到升压模式的平滑切换,从而保证了系统的稳定性并减小了输出电流纹波;在Buck-Boost过渡模式工作状态下,控制电路降低了平均电感电流,因而提高了系统转换效率.此外,控制电路中设计了一种自动调零的误差放大器,减小了放大器的输入失调电压和闪烁噪声,输出电流的精度得以提高.在180 nm CMOS工艺上流片的测试结果表明:当输入电压为2.7～5.0 V,输出电流为850 mA时,纹波率不超过3%;当负载电流为150 mA、输入电压为5 V时,驱动电路的转换效率高达95%.     

低温度系数高电源抑制比带隙基准源的设计

基于SMIC 0.18 μm CMOS工艺,设计了一种适用于数模或模数转换等模数混合电路的低温度系数、高电源抑制比的带隙基准电压源.针对传统带隙基准源工作电压的限制,设计采用电流模结构使之可工作于低电源电压,且输出基准电压可调;采用共源共栅结构(cascode)作电流源,提高电路的电源抑制比(PSRR);采用了具有高增益高输出摆幅的常见的两级运放.Cadence仿真结果表明:在1.8V电源电压下,输出基准电压约为534 mV,温度在-25～100℃范围内变化时,温度系数为4.8 ppm/℃,低频电源抑制比为-84 dB,在1.6～2.0 V电源电压变化范围内,电压调整率为0.15 mV/V.     

一种超低功耗的低压差线性稳压器环路补偿方法

针对低压差线性稳压器(LDO)电路设计中为改善环路补偿的稳定性增加电流缓冲电路而带来额外功耗的问题,提出一种嵌入式LDO环路补偿方法。该方法在原LDO的误差放大器模块中,嵌入一个由晶体管和电容组成的电流缓冲电路,该结构与误差放大器的共源共栅输出级共用晶体管,由于整体电路中不增加新元器件,因此消除了引入缓冲电路所带来的额外功耗。仿真实验验证了加入电流缓冲电路后系统环路稳定性能得到了改善。采用联华电子公司0.5μm 5 V的CMOS工艺线在LDO中进行了投片验证,实测芯片静态功耗电流仅为50μA,当输入电压从3V跳变到5V时,输出电压的上冲与下冲都小于15mV,负载电阻从18kΩ跳变到9Ω时,输出电压的最大变化小于20mV。投片测试结果表明,该补偿方法可在提高系统环路稳定性的同时消除额外功耗。     

一种低功耗高精度电流比较器的设计

针对传统电流比较器功耗高、精度低等问题,提出了一种基于Wilson电流源的CMOS电流比较器电路.它由Wilson电流源、差分放大器和输出增益级3部分组成.由于Wilson电流源具有较好的恒流特性以及较高的输出阻抗,所以该电流比较器具有较高的比较精度和低延迟的传播特性.采用TSMC 0.18 CMOS工艺HSPICE模型参数对该电流比较器的性能进行了模拟,该电路具有较高的比较精度,当参考输入电流为5 nA时,电路正常工作.当输入差分电流为1μA时延迟为2.2 ns,电路的功耗在TT(typical)工艺角下为95μW.结果表明,该CMOS电流比较器具有较大的速度/功耗比,性能受工艺偏差影响较小,适用于高速、低功耗电流模集成电路.     

一种超低功耗高精度的RC振荡器设计

为了满足电子系统对时钟源功耗和精度的要求,设计了一种超低功耗高精度的RC振荡器电路.电路利用恒流源对电容充电的方式实现振荡,输出的时钟频率为32 kHz.首先,电路通过电流复用的方式,降低了整体的功耗;其次,通过电路内部集成数字修调结构,提高了输出频率的精度;同时,电路设计有启动和防死锁的功能,保证了电路的安全性.电路采用和舰0.11μm的工艺进行流片,典型情况下电路的整体功耗仅为160 nA;在修调后由电压和温度变化引起的频率偏差分别在±0.56%和(-1.8%)-(+0.44%)以内;且电路可以在2-5.5 V的电压范围内正常工作.     

一种用于无源RFID的新型低压低功耗振荡器

采用中芯国际180 nm混合信号工艺,设计了一种新型低压低功耗环形振荡器.基于反馈理论,采用放大器完成从电源电压到环振工作电压的降压稳压转换,实现环振工作电压稳定性优化,同时降低其功耗;环振输出经幅度变换电路,实现高摆幅振荡信号输出;振荡器工作频率电流受控,抑制了电源噪声,降低了电源电压波动对输出频率的影响.结果表明,1 V电源电压下,输出频率2.737 MHz,功耗约0.8μW,1 MHz频点处相位噪声-108.7 dB;0.9～2.1 V电压范围内,输出频率波动小于0.23%,适于无源芯片设计.     

低功耗双带隙结构的CMOS带隙基准源

随着片上系统的发展,带隙基准源精度和功耗的要求也越来越高.目前的高阶温度补偿方法在工艺兼容、设计复杂度和功耗上还存在一定的局限性.本文推导了一个新颖的电流模带隙基准电路在饱和区工作时的温度特性,并结合双带隙结构在输出支路上采用电流比例相减的方式实现有效的曲率补偿,从而实现了一个新颖的双带隙结构CMOS带隙基准源.在GSMC 0.18μm工艺下,设计的CMOS带隙基准源版图面积为0.066mm~2.蒙特卡罗后仿真的结果表明,在-40~125℃温度范围内平均温度系数为14.27ppm/℃;在27℃时基准电压平均值为1.201V,标准偏差变化仅为33.813mV(2.82%);在3.3V工作电压下,静态电流平均为9.865μA,电源抑制为-37.21dB.本文设计的带隙基准源具有高精度、低功耗、结构简单的特点,是片上系统的良好选择.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.