关于黎曼流形的子流形的一个性质

设Г为三维欧氏空间E~3中单位球面S~2上的一条闭曲线,Г的曲率k=1,则S~2上任意一点x到.Г的距离d(x,Г)≤π/2.这个命题是很容易证明的.本文把单位球面上闭曲线的这个性质推广到完备黎曼流形的紧致子流形,得到:定理 设R~m是m维完备黎曼流形,黎曼曲率R≥K_o>O(K_o为常数),V~n是R~m中的紧致子流形,黎曼曲率K≤R,且m<2n,则R~m中任意一点x到V~n的距离d(x,V~n)     

二分图中具有正交(g,f)-因子分解的子图

设G是一个二分的(mg+k,mf-k) 图,其中1≤k相似文献   

Zn[i]的零因子图性质

交换环R的零因子图是一个简单图Γ(R),其顶点集为R的非零零因子集合D(R)*,两个不同的顶点x与y有一条边相连当且仅当xy=0。研究模n高斯整数环Zn[i]的零子图Γ(Zn[i])的直径、平面性和围长等问题,得到了比较完整的结果。     

D(0,3)图的Cordial性

设dG(x)为图G中顶点x的度,若对于任意x∈V(G),dG(x)∈{i1,…,ik},k∈N,则称图G为D(i1,…,ik)图.研究D(0,3)图的Cordial性,利用分类讨论,调整标号的方法,证明了有最大度ΔG=Δ的图G,存在标号f,使得|v0(G)-v1(G)|≤1,|e0(G)-e1(G)|≤2Δ;在4个引理的基础上,证明了所有的D(0,3)图都是Cordial图.     

哈密尔顿单位凯莱图

设R是有单位元1的交换环,且1≠0.环R的单位凯莱图,记作Γ(R),是一个简单图,图的顶点是环R的所有元素,且两个互异顶点x与y相邻当且仅当x-y是R的单位即可逆元.该文证明了若有限环交换R不同构于模2的剩余类环Z_2,则环R的单位凯莱图Γ(R)是哈密尔顿图当且仅当Γ(R)是连通图.     

无爪图的周长

设 G为 n阶 2连通无爪图,δ=min{d(x)|x∈V(G)},δ~*=min{max(d(x),d(y))|x.y∈V(G).d(x.y)=3},则(i)c(G)≥min{n.2δ~*+4};(ii)当 δ~*≥(1/2)(n-δ-2)时 G是哈密顿图。     

顶点距离大于2的局部化条件与hamiltonian图

对任意正整数i,若图G的导出子图L的顶点满足x,y∈V(L), dL(x,y)=imax{dG(x),dG(y)}≥|G|/2,则称L具有性质DL(i).设C(G)为图G的闭包,本文证明了下述结果任意一个C(G)=G且边连通度≥3的2-连通图,若存在正整数s使得G中的导出子图L满足(i) L(≌)K1.3有性质DL(2);(ii) 任意正整数i,1≤i≤s,L(≌)Bi有性质DL(i);(iii) L(≌)Z s+2有性质DL(s+2),则G为hamiltonian图.由此得到每个边连通度≥3的2-连通{K1.3;Bi,1≤i≤s}-free图, 若C(G)＝G且max{dG(x),dG(y) 对任意导出子图L(≌)Zs+2 ,dL(x,y)=s+2}≥|G|/2,则G一定是hamiltonian图.从而Fan条件中顶点距离可扩展为s+2.     

两类8点8边图的图设计

设λKv是v阶λ重完全图,G是一个有限简单图.图设计(v,G,λ)-GD是一个有序对(X,B),其中X是完全图Kv的顶点集合,B是λKv中与G同构的子图(叫做区组)的集合,使得Kv中任意一条边恰出现在B的λ个区组中.研究了两类8点8边图Gi(i=1,2)的图设计,并给出了(v,Gi,1)-GD(i=1,2)的存在谱.     

素距离图的着色与距离集的分类

设 P 表示全体素数的集合,D(?)P,令 Z(D)表示这样一个图:它的顶点集是全体整数的集合,两个顶点 x 和 y 之间有边连结当且仅当(?)x—y(?)D.文[1]证明了.对任意 D(?)P,Z(D)的色数至多是4,因而可按照 Z(D)的色数把 P 的所有子集 D 分为四类,本文给出了两组新的4类子集簇,并给出若干个 D 是3类子集的充分条件。     

具有与任意图2-正交(g,f)的-因子分解的子图

设g和f分别是定义在图G的顶点集合V(G)上的两个整数值函数且对每个x∈V(G)有3≤g(x)≤f(x)。本文证明了:若G是一个(mg+k,mf-k)-图,其中1≤k相似文献   

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.