基于卫星导航/惯性单元松耦合的低速智能电动汽车航向角估计

低速智能电动汽车近年来发展迅速,组合定位技术是其关键技术,航向角估计是组合定位技术中重要组成部分。基于低速智能电动汽车,提出了GNSS(global navigation satellite system)/IMU(inertial measurement unit)组合的航向角估计方法。介绍了GNSS/IMU松耦合条件下的航向角估计方法,提出基于IMU的航向角积分方法,推导了松耦合条件下误差动态与测量模型。针对GNSS信号质量时变问题,使用残差自适应卡尔曼滤波算法对航向角误差进行估计。针对GNSS信号质量设计了航向角误差反馈修正策略。通过在不同GNSS信号条件下进行的多组实车试验,验证了所提出的航向角估计算法的有效性。     

车载GPS/DR组合导航系统卡尔曼滤波方法的改进

将全球定位系统(GPS)和航位推算法(DR)两种定位方式结合,实现车辆GPS/DR组合定位系统的自适应信息融合.联合卡尔曼滤波器存在数学模型不确定性和误差模型的随机性的缺点,提出改进方法是采用联邦滤波器,并引入利用模糊推理建立的模糊自适应联邦滤波器,提高了系统的精度和功能.     

基于多模型与滚动时域估计的机动目标跟踪算法

针对受限于已知物理约束的机动目标,提出了一种目标跟踪算法。针对机动目标的不同运动模式,采用多模型组合的方法进行了近似;针对目标的已知物理约束,采用滚动时域估计方法进行处理,并将其作为状态估计的先验信息来提高估计精度;最终通过设计多模型结构的状态估计演化方程、改进滚动时域估计的误差协方差矩阵更新公式,给出了一种多模型结构与滚动时域估计相结合的机动目标跟踪算法。仿真结果表明:该算法与自适应卡尔曼滤波(AKF)、交互式多模型(IMM)算法相比,可以对具有物理约束的机动目标进行更好的跟踪。     

基于自适应滤波长基线组合AUV定位算法

针对水下环境噪声干扰以及水下时延误差等问题,提出基于自适应滤波长基线组合AUV定位算法。该算法采用长基线组合导航定位系统,以捷联惯性导航系统为主,长基线定位系统为辅,消除时延误差实现误差补偿;再引入自适应滤波算法,使用卡尔曼滤波算法对系统进行信息融合来矫正累积误差实现自适应滤波定位。仿真实验表明,该算法能有效消除水下复杂环境中的噪声干扰对AUV定位精度的影响,提高算法对未知噪声的适应性和定位精度。     

基于EKF的GNSS/SINS组合导航系统应用

针对单一定位系统无法得到连续、稳定可靠的导航信息的问题,将全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)与捷联惯性导航系统(SINS)进行组合,并利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)算法对这两种导航系统的定位信息进行融合,以获得更加稳定、精确的定位结果。将GNSS与SINS组合,可以弥补GNSS卫星信号失锁、数据更新频率低、无法获得姿态信息以及SINS定位误差累积等单导航系统定位的不足。通过车载实验采集定位数据,并分别进行SINS单独导航及GNSS/SINS组合导航解算,由实验结果可以看出,与SINS单独导航相比,GNSS/SINS组合导航系统的定位误差能快速收敛,并保持较高的精度,其中位置误差精度达到厘米级,速度的最大误差大约在0.1m·s-1以内,姿态的最大误差大约在0.2°以内。     

基于运动模式识别的高程估计算法研究

在室内行人定位系统中,行人的高程定位精度关系到整个定位系统的可靠性。本文提出一种基于腰间传感器的室内行人高程估计算法。首先利用支持向量机识别行人上楼下楼动作,针对行人的运动状态采用自适应的高程估计算法。针对气压计测量值易受环境影响的问题,采用了基于EKF融合气压和加速度的高度估计算法,提高了高度估计算法的稳定性。经实验验证,当室内人员进行平地走、上楼等一连串动作后,基于差分气压测高法计算的高度误差为9.92%,基于加速度估计的行人高度误差为9.52%,EKF融合后定位误差下降到2.32%,提高了高程估计的精度。     

基于双自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的半挂车状态估计

针对半挂车辆状态估计过程中测量噪声不确定、累计误差影响严重、初值敏感等问题,提出一种适用于半挂车铰接角、车速等多个状态量估计的双自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波算法(FFUKF).基于搭建的半挂汽车12自由度非线性动力学模型和轮胎模型,通过测量的轮速与车辆加速度等信息,首先利用模糊控制自适应调整滑移率容差,综合判断每个车轮的稳定状态,通过轮速估算出一种车速;与此同时,模糊控制自适应调整测量噪声,利用无迹卡尔曼算法,依据动力学估计出铰接角和另一种车速;然后通过卡尔曼滤波算法融合两种方法估计的结果,实现车辆的纵向、侧向速度、横摆角速度和挂车与牵引车铰接角的实时估计.最后在Simulink/TruckSim联合仿真环境下进行多工况仿真试验,验证所提出的双自适应无迹卡尔曼估计算法(FFUKF)有较强的适应性、稳定性和鲁棒性,相比普通模糊自适应无迹卡尔曼(FUKF)有更高的估计精度,能有效克服累计误差,即便在估计初始值不准和有ABS控制输入的情况,仍可以较精确地对车速和铰接角进行实时估计.     

基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的高程估计算法

在室内行人定位系统中,行人的高程定位精度关系到整个定位系统的可靠性。提出一种基于腰间传感器的室内行人高程估计算法。首先利用支持向量机识别行人上楼下楼动作,针对行人的运动状态采用自适应的高程估计算法。针对气压计测量值易受环境影响的问题,采用了基于EKF融合气压和加速度的高度估计算法,提高了高度估计算法的稳定性。经实验验证,当室内人员进行平地走、上楼等一连串动作后,基于差分气压测高法计算的高度误差为9.92%,基于加速度估计的行人高度误差为9.52%,EKF融合后定位误差下降到2.32%,提高了高程估计的精度。     

四轮独立驱动电动汽车行驶状态级联估计

建立三自由度车辆模型与轮胎模型,提出电驱动轮模型并将其应用到纵向力估计中,基于自适应高阶滑模观测器实现轮胎纵向力的估计,利用纵向力观测器(longitudinal force observer, LFO)输出值作为已知输入,结合信息融合滤波(information fusion filter, IFF)算法提出一种车辆状态级联估计方法。进行仿真实验、台架实验以及实车道路实验。研究结果表明:设计的纵向力观测器具有较高的纵向力估计精度,基于信息融合滤波的车辆状态估计方法能够实时跟踪车辆状态且估计性能优于扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter, EKF)。     

基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的分布式驱动电动汽车车辆状态参数估计

以精确估计车辆状态参数为目标,提出了一种基于自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波的车辆状态参数估计算法,采用非线性三自由度车辆模型,将模糊控制与无迹卡尔曼滤波算法相结合,实现对系统测量噪声的自适应调整,通过对方向盘转角,纵向加速度和横向加速度等低成本传感器信息融合实现对质心侧偏角和横摆角速度的状态估计.应用CarSim与Matlab/Simulink建立分布式驱动电动汽车整车模型并且联合仿真对估计算法的有效性进行验证.结果表明自适应无迹卡尔曼滤波比无迹卡尔曼滤波更能有效准确地进行车辆状态参数估计,在双移线工况中,质心侧偏角估计精度提高了6.7%,横摆角速度估计精度提高了4.8%.      

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-