基于扩展卡尔曼滤波的高程估计算法

在室内行人定位系统中,行人的高程定位精度关系到整个定位系统的可靠性。提出一种基于腰间传感器的室内行人高程估计算法。首先利用支持向量机识别行人上楼下楼动作,针对行人的运动状态采用自适应的高程估计算法。针对气压计测量值易受环境影响的问题,采用了基于EKF融合气压和加速度的高度估计算法,提高了高度估计算法的稳定性。经实验验证,当室内人员进行平地走、上楼等一连串动作后,基于差分气压测高法计算的高度误差为9.92%,基于加速度估计的行人高度误差为9.52%,EKF融合后定位误差下降到2.32%,提高了高程估计的精度。     

基于智能手机传感器的林区行人定位算法

针对林区卫星信号缺失、跟踪定位困难的问题,提出了基于智能手机传感器的林区行人定位算法(forest-pedestrian location,FPL)。算法在行人航位推算算法(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)基础上进行改进：采用扩展卡尔曼滤波(extended Kalman filter, EKF)与卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filter, KF)融合算法对磁力计、加速度计及陀螺仪输出进行多次融合,以提高方位角测量精度;随后,使用Savitzky-Golay(S-G)滤波处理方位角测量值,以提高PDR算法中方位角的估计精度;引入K邻近(K-nearest neighbor, KNN)算法估计步长,将拟合显式步长函数问题转化为“懒惰学习”问题;使用差分气压测高法求解行人高程信息,从而获取行人在林区内的3维定位信息。实验结果表明,该算法可以提高方位角及步长的估计精度,同时可以增加精准的高程定位信息,整体误差控制在5%以内,可以满足林区无信号条件下的定位需求。     

室内行人航迹推算/超声波组合定位融合算法

为提高室内定位系统精度和跟踪性能以及适应复杂环境,将行人航迹推算与超声波定位组合,提出基于平方根无迹卡曼滤波的噪声权因子辅助协方差加权融合算法,并将全局最优融合状态作为反馈量引入算法。针对超声波对行人航向角测量困难,采用一种简单有效的几何方法。仿真结果表明:在模拟的室内动态环境中,包括在多路径效应和惯性累积误差的影响下,融合算法始终比单模型定位精度高,并有很好的收敛性、稳定性与适应性,对室内定位技术研究与应用具有重要意义。     

基于有源RFID的室内移动机器人定位系统

针对有源射频识别(RFID)技术在室内定位的特点,使用有源射频模块,基于Visual C++6.0平台,开发了一种室内移动机器人定位系统。选用接收信号强度指示值最大的4个标签作为定位标签,提出了一种增加移动误差的改进极大似然估计定位算法,实现了室内移动机器人位置的测量。实验表明:应用改进极大似然估计定位算法的定位系统可较好地实现机器人稳定工作;平均定位偏差降低32%,达到0.332 14 m;定位精度明显提高,可满足室内移动机器人的定位要求。     

单目视觉行人身体多部件距离融合估计算法

针对现有自主汽车辅助驾驶系统中,单目摄像头行人距离估计精度不高的问题,提出一种单目视觉行人身体多部件距离融合计算法。联合脚部件与头部件共同对行人目标进行距离估计,分别采用半水波形等距线脚部部件距离估计与头部部件高度插值距离估计算法来获取行人的距离估计结果,使得算法能够同时具备精准性和稳定性。经仿真验证,该算法在非遮挡条件下,35 m内能够将误差控制在1 m以内,在半遮挡条件下,35 m内能够将误差控制在2 m以内,满足车载辅助驾驶对行人距离估计精度的要求。     

基于轮胎半径自适应的智能车辆组合定位

定位系统是智能车辆环境感知系统的重要组成部分。设计了智能车辆轮胎半径自适应在线估计算法以提高车辆速度估计精度,从而在GNSS(Global Navigation Satellites System)不可用时提升IMU(inertial measurement unit)/WSS(wheel speed sensor)组合定位系统的精度。首先,在GNSS信号良好时,考虑车轮动态设计了多模型融合的轮胎有效滚动半径自适应算法,以准确估计轮胎有效滚动半径;然后,基于自适应误差状态卡尔曼滤波设计了多传感器融合组合定位算法。实车试验结果表明,所设计的算法在初始轮胎半径有不足2%的误差时,丢失GNSS 40s可将定位精度提高30%以上。     

多传感器融合的手机室内三维定位试验

以智能手机为用户端平台,利用行人航迹推算(pedestrian dead reckoning,PDR)改进算法和气压测高原理设计了三维多传感器融合定位的扩展卡尔曼滤波器,基于Android操作系统开发了手机传感器融合的室内三维定位程序。最后,利用中国矿业大学室内外无缝定位试验场进行了定位算法性能评估。结果表明,三维融合定位方法能有效抑制漂移误差,定位精度和可靠性能够满足室内应用环境的要求,且定位精度优于WiFi方法和常规PDR方法。     

基于多新息卡尔曼滤波算法的锂电池SOC估计

针对锂离子电池荷电状态(SOC)较难准确获取的问题,依据锂电池等效电路模型,建立起各参数与SOC的联系,利用脉冲放电的数据对模型进行参数辨识.通过Mat-lab/Simulink验证了模型的正确性和精确性.将扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(EKF)融合多新息理论,建立了多新息扩展卡尔曼滤波算法(MIEKF)估计电池SOC的方法,该方法通过对旧信息的重复使用提高了EKF的估计精度.在美国城市道路循环工况(UDDS)下分别采用EKF和MIEKF算法来估计锂电池SOC,两者估计的最大误差分别为0.0176、0.0087.实验数据表明MIEKF算法估计电池SOC更准确.     

激光雷达和行人航迹推算融合的室内目标定位方法

激光雷达(LiDAR)在室内定位中具有抗干扰能力强,速度、角和距离分辨率高等优点,但在定位过程中其精度易受环境因素干扰影响。本文提出一种LiDAR和PDR融合的室内定位方法,以扩展卡尔曼滤波(EKF)为基础,通过对LiDAR的位移增量、角度观测值以及PDR的位姿信息等量测值进行解算,令二者互补融合,有效抑制非视距影响和误差累积的问题,并对单一类组合算法和融合类组合算法的定位精度进行对比分析。实验结果表明：当室内人员为行走状态时,LiDAR和PDR融合定位算法较单一定位方法在精度和稳定性均有效提高,PDR定位误差为0.98m,LiDAR定位误差为0.6m,EKF滤波融合后定位误差可以下降到0.32m。     

基于推广Kalman滤波的机载无源定位改进算法

研究空中运动观测平台对地面辐射源目标的纯方位信息定位算法,提出改进的二阶EKF定位算法以提高定位估计精度.用推广Kalman滤波算法代替传统的最小二乘定位算法.充分利用观测平台的运动信息建立了可观测的观测方程,并采用二阶EKF算法解决了在观测误差较大的情况下导致的非线性误差较大的问题.采用Monte Carlo仿真比较LS,EKF和二阶EKF 3种方法的性能.证明用这种方法可以达到更好的估计精度,能够将目标位置定位在更小的概率椭圆内.概率误差椭圆缩小了30%.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to