Te自助熔剂定向凝固法生长CdTe晶体

碲化镉(CdTe)晶体是一种制造室温X射线和γ射线探测器最为理想的半导体材料,在医学、食品、安检、核废料监测等应用领域前景广阔。采用一种Te自助溶剂定向凝固技术生长CdTe晶体,在区熔温场及坩埚旋转系统的综合作用下,获得了平坦状的理想固液界面形貌。生长?25 mm的CdTe晶体横截面单晶区域面积可达70%,从?56 mm的CdTe晶体中可截取尺寸达15 mm×15 mm×3 mm的单晶,电学测试表明CdTe晶体在未掺杂改性条件下电阻率达10~8Ω·cm。红外透射显示,CdTe晶体中包含尺寸范围为1～20μm的Te夹杂,这是CdTe单晶生长过程中出现的主要微观缺陷。该工作取得的相关成果对未来CdTe晶体生长技术发展具有一定参考价值和借鉴意义。     

硼酸镧钙晶体的提拉法生长研究

首次采用提拉法生长La2 CaB10 O19晶体 .配制不同摩尔比的CaB4O7和LaB3 O6原料进行晶体生长 ,发现CaB4O7∶LaB3 O6在 1 .3∶2～ 1∶1范围内都能获得La2 CaB10 O19的单晶 .研究了晶体生长工艺 ,在CaB4O7∶LaB3 O6=1 .3∶2时获得 1 4mm× 2 5mm的透明单晶 .生长过程中靠近液面温度梯度为 30℃ /cm～ 6 0℃ /cm ,晶体转速为 1 0r/min～ 2 5r/min ,提拉速度不大于 1mm/h .在不同次的生长中 ,所获得的晶体表现发育完好的 {0 0 1 }板面 .     

镍基高温合金单晶的生长和氧化行为

采用改进型坩埚下降法生长了镍基高温合金单晶,使用氧化铝坩埚和〈001〉方向的籽晶,生长得到直径为30～40 mm、长度260 mm的晶棒。采用异型氧化铝坩埚,生长出特殊形状且中空的高温合金单晶涡轮机叶片构件。腐蚀显示所生长的晶体具有典型的镍基高温合金单晶形貌,在枝晶区域有少量的γ′/γ共晶,枝晶的平均间距是367μm,γ′相是立方结构且分布均匀。研究了晶体在900和1 000℃氧化200 h的氧化行为,氧化120 h后其增重达到一个恒定值。     

Cz法大型砷化镓单品生长中熔体流动和传热

采用低雷诺数κ-ε模型，计算分析了Cz法大型砷化镓单晶生长中熔体内的热量、动量输运特性。结果表明：适当的坩埚旋转能有效抑制晶体旋转产生的对流和浮力对流，增大晶体转速能使晶体／熔体界面附近等温线更加平直，适当的坩埚、晶体转速匹配能够抑止晶体／熔体界面附近的温度波动，热毛细力对强烈熔体流动的影响可以忽略不计，但对较弱的熔体流动影响较大。文中还给出了较为适宜的坩埚、晶体转速匹配方式。研究结果为生长高质量大型砷化镓单晶提供了有重要价值的数值依据。     

B_2O_3质量对VGF晶体生长工艺成晶率的影响

B_2O_3的吸水性特别强,水含量不同,其与p BN坩埚浸润状态也会有所不同,B_2O_3与p BN坩埚壁的浸润状态对晶体生长能否成功非常重要。同时,B_2O_3添加量的多少也会影响晶体生长中熔体的化学计量比,从而影响成晶。通过对VGF晶体生长工艺中所使用的液封剂B_2O_3的水含量及添加量对砷化镓晶体成晶率影响的试验分析,确定合理的添加量及水含量,提高了砷化镓晶体生长的成晶率,使掺硅砷化镓单晶生长的成晶率达到75%以上,有效地降低了生产成本。     

HDPE微注射成型条件下非等温静态结晶

利用差示扫描量热仪(DSC),物理模拟HDPE微注射成型模腔中心层的静态非等温结晶过程,将样品从80℃以10℃/min升温速率升至180℃,并保温2 min。然后在液氮冷却作用下分别以5,10,15,20℃/min的恒降温速率,将温度降至80℃,得到静态非等温结晶DSC热流曲线,并利用Eopoxobeku方法对HDPE非等温结晶动力学参数进行解析。研究结果表明:当降温速率从5℃/min增大到20℃/min时,HDPE结晶起始温度从121.81℃下降到118.93℃,结晶度由86.19%增大到90.34%,非等温结晶动力学曲线在结晶初期基本上呈线性关系,而在后期不呈线性关系;结晶初期降温速率对晶体成核和生长机理的影响比较大,而结晶后期晶体成核和生长机理受降温速率的影响较小。     

大功率暖白光LED用Dy:BGSO单晶的生长及其发光性能

采用坩埚下降法成功生长出共掺Dy~(3+)和Ge~(4+)的硅酸铋(BSO)单晶,其中Dy~(3+)和Ge~(4+)的摩尔分数分别为1%和3%,其直径为2.54 cm(1 in),长度达8 cm,外观无色透明,无包裹物和裂纹等缺陷,表明共掺入Dy~(3+)和Ge~(4+)能够有效改善BSO晶体的偏析现象;双摇摆曲线半峰全宽为24″表明晶体具有较高的结晶质量.Dy:BGSO晶体的荧光光谱包含Bi~(3+)和Dy~(3+)的特征峰,Bi~(3+)吸收的能量能够传递给Dy~(3+).色坐标和色谱计算结果表明,其在多种波长的紫外光激发下均可以发射暖白光.该晶体在365 nm紫外光灯辐照下的实际发光效果说明,其能够高效率、360°全方位立体发射肉眼可见的明亮暖白光.故Dy:BGSO单晶是一种可用于大功率LED器件的候选荧光单晶材料.     

水平定向凝固法合成砷化镓多晶

采用水平定向凝固法合成砷化镓多晶,定向凝固炉分为3个温区,砷单质在低温区(约630℃)升华,通过中温区后在高温区(1 250~1 255℃)与镓逐渐化合为砷化镓多晶.石英变形、砷端杂质、多晶表面氧化以及多晶尾端富镓是合成砷化镓多晶过程中易出现的宏观缺陷.通过对原料配方设计、砷蒸气压控制以及炉子降温程序设计等进行优化,成功获得了完整性好且电学性能指标优异的砷化镓多晶.多晶的迁移率在4 800~5 400cm2/(V·s),载流子浓度为1015~1016 cm-3量级,完全满足砷化镓单晶制备要求.     

(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.945Ba0.055TiO3单晶的生长及光学性能研究

采用顶部风冷籽晶助熔剂法成功生长出了(Na0.5Bi0.5)0.945Ba0.055TiO3(简称NBBT5.5)晶体,晶体尺寸达到了Φ35mm×12mm;研究了粉料的热学性质、晶体的结构、光学性能及压电性能.实验结果表明,晶体具有三方相四方相共存的钙钛矿结构.通过研究粉料的DSC-TG曲线,得到了制备单晶材料的预烧结的温度以及烧结温度,优化了NBBT单晶材料的制备工艺,降低了Bi2O3和Na2O的挥发.晶体具有优良的光学性能,在369nm处晶体处于全吸收,390nm以上晶体是透明的,1 000nm处透过率达到72%.NBBT5.5晶体的压电常数d33为438pC/N,是一种极具应用潜力的无铅压电材料.     

砷化镓材料技术发展及需求

介绍了HB、LEC、FEC、VCZ、VB、VGF砷化镓单晶炉及生长技术,分析了各种生长技术的优缺点及发展趋势。HB砷化镓多晶合成和单晶生长可以同时完成,生长温度梯度小、位错小、应力小;其缺点为不易生长半绝缘砷化镓单晶材料。LEC法生长过程可见,成晶情况可控,可生长大尺寸、长单晶;其缺点是晶体温度梯度大、位错密度高、应力高、晶体等径控制差。VB/VGF法生长出的单晶位错密度和残留应力比LEC法低,晶体等径好,适合规模生产;其缺点在于容易产生双晶、线性缺陷和花晶,过于依赖生长系统重复性和稳定性。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.