一种玻璃载片共价键固定DNA的新方法

目的：建立了一种简单、快速、高效共价固定DNA到玻璃其质上的方法。方法：玻片用β-（对、间氯甲基苯基）三氯硅乙烷处理在表面自组装形成带有苄氯功能基的单层硅烷膜，然后再用NaI丙酮溶液处理将苄氯基转化为苄碘基。巯基修饰的DNA通过巯基与苄碘基反应形成硫醚键共价偶联到这一自组装的硅烷膜上。结果：放射性分析证实玻璃基质表面共价固定DNA的密度为3.2nmol/m^2。用放射性标记的目标DNA进行杂交试验表明最大杂交密度的0.77nmol/m^2。结论；本方法只需一步偶联反应，反应时间短、偶联效率高、操作简单、不需要严格的试剂，而且制得的DNA芯片有较高的温度稳定性，可方便地用于核酸杂交和探测研究。     

304不锈钢表面复合硅烷膜的制备及其耐蚀性能

本文利用1,2-双(三乙氧基硅基)乙烷(BTSE)和1H,1H,2H,2H-全氟癸基三氯硅烷(FDTS)两种硅烷自组装修饰304不锈钢表面,制备BTSE、FDTS硅烷膜和BTSE-FDTS复合硅烷膜。通过原子力显微镜(AFM)、X线能谱分析(EDS)和静态接触角(WCA)对样品进行表征。实验表明:与单层BTSE和FDTS硅烷膜相比,BTSE-FDTS复合硅烷膜厚度更大(平均厚度为30 nm),F元素分布均匀且更致密,疏水性更强,静态接触角达到120°。极化曲线和加速腐蚀试验表明BTSE-FDTS复合硅烷膜的抗腐蚀性能优于单层硅烷膜和未修饰的不锈钢。与未修饰的不锈钢相比,复合硅烷膜的缓蚀效率达到84.2%,腐蚀损失率减少72.8%。     

硅烷自组装单分子层生长条件的优化

对长碳链硅烷在玻璃片表面自组装形成单分子层膜进行研究。以甲苯为溶剂,使辛烷基三乙氧基硅烷(OTES)、十二烷基三甲氧基硅烷(DTMS)、3-胺丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)和十八烷基三氯硅烷(OTS)在玻璃表面进行生长,考察反应时间、反应浓度和可水解基团对自组装单分子层膜的影响。用接触角仪和全反射红外光谱仪(FT-IR)对单分子膜进行表征。结果表明:带有—Cl水解基团的OTS最易生长,而带有乙氧基离去基团的OTES比带有甲氧基的DTMS容易反应。在24℃时,1 mmol/L OTES反应20 min自组装单分子层膜生长很好,并且表面比较规整均一。     

寡核苷酸芯片制备及其杂交条件的优化

探讨了2种不同硅烷化试剂3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、三甲氧基丙基二乙烯基三胺及其不同处理时间对寡核苷酸探针固定效率的影响.结果表明3％的3-氨基丙基三甲氧基硅烷的95％丙酮溶液处理2h,然后用5％戊二醛溶液处理1 h,可以获得很好的杂交信号.对比polyT15空间子,含有相同寡核苷酸序列的PEG6、PEG12空间子能使杂交信号增强6、8倍.在以pH值9-11的碳酸盐缓冲液为点样液时,杂交信号随着pH值的逐渐升高而略有下降.寡核苷酸探针的浓度和荧光标记样品的浓度影响杂交结果,当寡核苷酸探针的浓度为25μmol、所用长度为110bp的荧光标记的PCR产物为2μL,经杂交液6×SSEPT稀释至10μL时,可以获得很好的杂交信号.     

采用溶剂抽提法制备3-巯丙基三甲氧基硅烷自组装单层膜

为提高硅烷自组装单层膜的质量,提出溶剂抽提制备的工艺.玻片在5×10-3 mol/L的巯基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(MPTS)苯溶液浸泡反应,依次用苯、丙酮、双蒸水回流抽提,得到MPTS的自组装膜.使用接触角、俄歇电子能谱及x射线光电子能谱等方法进行表征.研究结果表明:在惰性气体保护下,连续使用非极性溶剂和极性溶剂抽提,有效清除玻璃表面硅烷的物理吸附层,有效防止巯基硅烷的氧化,获得膜厚度为0.8咖、均匀的MPTS自组装单层膜.该工艺为制备稳定的硅烷自组装单层膜提供一种新方法.     

运用交流阻抗技术直接监测DNA杂交

介绍了基于交流阻抗技术构建非标记型脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）杂交传感器的方法.以24个碱基长度的寡聚DNA作为实验对象,将5′端巯基化的单链寡聚DNA（SH-ssDNA）探针与巯基乙酸（RSH）同时自组装到金电极表面,形成杂交识别层,利用交流阻抗技术测量出杂交前后金电极表面电子传递电阻R_et的增量作为杂交信号.实验中对DNA探针的自组装时间、杂交温度、杂交时间和阻抗测量液等实验条件进行了观察和优化;通过选择自组装液中SH-ssDNA探针和RSH的浓度,减少DNA在金电极表面的非特异性吸附,同时保证金电极表面自组装的SH-ssDNA探针有合适的疏密度,提高了杂交效率.在各优化条件下,无需扩增杂交信号,此非标记型DNA杂交传感器的检测下限为3.0×10^-14mol/L;和完全互补序列相比,一个和三个碱基错配序列分别产生55.6%和1.3%的杂交信号.     

(R,R)-1,2-双[(2-甲氧基苯基)苯基膦]乙烷的合成

以苯基二氯化膦为基础原料,经与甲醇反应后发生阿布佐夫重排得到甲基苯基亚膦酸酯,然后与五氯化膦反应生成甲基苯基膦酰氯;甲基苯基膦酰氯与手性辅助试剂5反应,然后再与2-甲氧基苯基溴化镁反应生成具有单一构型的(S)-(2-甲氧基苯基)甲基苯基氧化膦.膦氧化物7经二异丙基氨基锂(LDA)锂化,再通过氯化铜偶联,最后与三氯硅烷和三丁胺反应以89.5%收率和98.3/1.7 dr值(两个非对映异构体的比值)得到目标产物(R,R)-1,2-双[(2-甲氧基苯基)苯基膦]乙烷.     

含咪唑烷基硫醇自组装膜界面铜离子配位研究

合成了6-(咪唑-2-基)-1-己硫醇(IHT),在金电极表面形成纯的自组装膜及其与1-己硫醇(HT)的混合自组装膜,并将这些自组装膜在溶液中与铜离子进行界面配位.应用电化学循环伏安法和交流阻抗谱法探讨了各种自组装膜修饰电极界面配位铜离子的电化学行为.实验结果表明,IHT与HT以1∶4比例进行界面组装得到的混合自组装单分子层最致密,自组装膜的铜离子界面配位浓度最高达到2.3×10-11mol/cm2.界面形成的IHT-Cu2+配合物在不同的pH值溶液中测量结果表明该配合物在pH 6.4时是可以稳定存在的.     

一种简捷的Southern印迹杂交方法

在综合前人方法的基础上,发展了一种简捷、灵敏、廉价、效果可靠的Southern印迹杂交方案.使用0.4 mol/L NaOH溶液将琼脂糖凝胶上的DNA在变性的同时转移到尼龙膜上,晾干膜后无需固定就可以直接用于杂交.预杂交液和杂交液选用Church缓冲系统,该缓冲系统中仅需10 g/L BSA作为封闭剂即可.整个洗膜过程可简化为一种溶液、2～3次洗涤.碱变性及转移后的尼龙膜,也可以用于地高辛(DIG)等非放射性检测系统,并可耐多轮杂交和洗脱.本方法可适用于包括高等植物基因组在内的多种生物材料的DNA检测.     

电化学可卡因适体传感器的研制

 采用自组装法将带巯基的捕获DNA探针固定到金电极表面,利用杂交反应将可卡因适体固定到电极上制得可卡因适体传感器.以钌联吡啶为电活性指示剂,检测适体与目标分析物——可卡因特异性结合后,电化学活性物质钌联吡啶的电信号的降低,实现对可卡因的定量检测.考察了缓冲液的pH,扫描速度,DNA探针及适体固定时间等条件对传感器测定可卡因信号响应的影响.结果表明在pH7.4时该传感器检测的范围为2×10^-4～1.0×10^-3mol/L,检测下限为6×10^-5mol/L.该传感器稳定性好,抗干扰能力强.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.