HVOF制备亚微米结构WC-12Co涂层性能研究

采用超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂工艺制备了亚微米结构WC-12Co涂层,测试了这种亚微米涂层的结合强度、显微硬度及抗磨粒磨损性能,并利用XRD对喷涂粉末及涂层进行相结构分析,用扫描电子显微镜对喷涂粉末、磨粒磨损前后的涂层表面形貌进行观察.研究结果表明:喷涂过程中,亚微米结构WC粒子没有明显的脱碳分解发生,涂层组织结构致密,其显微硬度平均值高达HV1105;在相同的试验条件下,16Mn钢的磨粒磨损量是亚微米WC-12Co涂层的7.8倍,这表明亚微米结构涂层具有优异的抗磨粒磨损性能.     

氩弧制备熔覆层的性能及分析

循环流化床锅炉水冷壁管高温7中蚀磨损是目前阻碍循环流化床锅炉发展的主要技术难题。现在人们重点研究其磨损机理及有效的防磨措施。本文先分析了循环流化床锅炉水冷壁管磨损的失效机理，采用电弧喷涂合金涂层，并使用氩弧重熔技术制备得到了具有冶金结合的耐磨涂层，并对涂层进行了硬度实验及分析，高温冲蚀磨损试验及分析，显微组织分析。分析表明：熔覆层表面硬度高达1200HV，组织均匀，与基体之间冶金结合，并表明熔覆层的硬度是20G铜的6～7倍，耐高温冲蚀性能为20G钢的2．5～4倍。涂层的磨损行为介于塑性和脆性磨损之间，并以塑性磨损为主，具有良好的抗高温冲蚀磨损性能。     

碳钢WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层的组织及性能研究

采用AC-HVAF热喷涂设备,在碳钢表面喷涂WC-10Co-4Cr复合涂层。用电子显微镜、X射线能谱分析仪、金相显微镜和磨损实验研究了涂层的均匀性、硬度、显微组织、化学成分、结合区形貌和相对耐磨性。结果表明:涂层厚度均匀、组织致密、硬度可达1200HV200;涂层与碳钢结合良好,没有孔洞,界面相容性良好;涂层试样的耐磨性比 45钢的耐磨性优良。     

电弧喷涂药芯丝材涂层的组织和高温冲蚀性能

采用电弧喷涂自制的FeB和CrB两种药芯丝材在20#钢基体表面制备了FeB涂层和CrB涂层,分析了两种涂层的显微组织、相结构、硬度和孔隙率,并采用高温冲蚀磨损试验考察了其耐高温冲蚀磨损性能.结果表明:FeB涂层主要物相是α-Fe,FeB和FeB2,CrB涂层中主要存在α-Fe,CrB和Cr2O3相,两者的微观组织结构都是由弥散分布在铁基金属中间的硬质相粒子和少数孔洞组成,涂层与基体之间结合良好.FeB涂层的孔隙率小于CrB涂层,但硬度低于CrB涂层.FeB涂层和CrB涂层在650 ℃下具有良好的抗高温冲蚀磨损性能,都能够对20#钢基体起到较好的防护作用,但CrB涂层抗高温冲蚀磨损性能比FeB涂层更好.     

HVOF制备的Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层组织和滑动磨损性能研究

为了降低超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂金属陶瓷涂层的材料和加工成本,使其在更大范围内替代会给环境带来严重污染的电镀硬铬(EHC)涂层,本文将不同比例的Ni60与WC-10Co4Cr相混合,并采用HVOF喷涂工艺分别制备了5种金属陶瓷复合涂层.研究了这些涂层的显微组织、基本性能和滑动磨损性能,并将其与EHC涂层进行对比.结果表明:所有HVOF喷涂工艺制备的Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层都很致密(孔隙率小于1%),随着WC-10Co4Cr比例的增加,Ni60/WC-10Co4Cr涂层的硬度从688.3 HV0.3增加到1 203.4HV0.3,磨损率由2.75×10~(-5) mm~3/N·m降低到7.29×10~(-7) mm~3/N·m.并且,所有HVOF喷涂工艺制备的涂层和与其配对的摩擦副的磨损率以及磨擦系数均低于EHC涂层,表现出良好的抗滑动磨损性能.     

冷喷涂NiCoCrAlY涂层的微观性能研究

运用冷喷涂技术制备了NiCoCrAlY合金涂层,通过扫描电镜和能谱仪对涂层表面以及横截面的微观结构、喷涂粒子之间的结合变形情况进行了观察和成分分析,运用显微硬度计对制备的NiCoCrAlY合金涂层内部的显微硬度进行了测量。结果表明,只有使用氦气作为载气时才能运用冷喷涂技术制备出NiCoCrAlY合金涂层,使用空气和氮气作为载气时无法制备;在不同粉体成分下,NiCoCrAlY合金粉体的沉积特性不同,所制备的涂层微观性能也不同。     

铸铁喷涂渗铝工艺和性能

采用线材火焰喷涂制备铝基涂层,随后对涂层进行重熔和扩散处理.利用扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪、摩擦磨损实验仪等对涂层的成分、物相、耐高温氧化性能、耐蚀性能等进行分析测试.结果表明:涂层分为两层,外层的物相主要是Al、FeAl3、内层是Fe2 Al5和少量的FeAl3;显微硬度有了很大程度的提高,峰值可达HV 950;渗铝试样在800、900℃进行高温氧化实验几乎不增重,抗氧化性能较铸铁可提升几十倍;同时试样也兼具良好的耐摩擦磨损和耐腐蚀性能.     

等离子喷涂制备铁基非晶-纳米复合涂层

以一种多元素铁基非晶合金粉末(含C,si,B,Cr,W,Mo,Ni,Fe等)作为喷涂材料,用大气等离子喷涂在316L不锈钢基体上制备涂层.用X射线衍射仪检测涂层的晶型结构,扫描电镜观察涂层的形貌,透射电镜观察涂层的微观组织结构,显微硬度仪测量涂层的显微硬度,纳米压痕仪测量涂层的硬度及弹性模量,并用谢乐公式计算了晶粒尺寸.结果表明:所制备的涂层均匀致密,与基体结合良好;涂层含有非晶和纳米颗粒;这种非晶-纳米复合涂层具有很高的硬度和弹性模量.     

冷喷涂NiCoCrAIY涂层的微观性能研究

运用冷喷涂技术制备了NiCoCrAIY合金涂层.通过扫描电镜和能谱仪对涂层表面以及横截面的微观结构、喷涂粒子之间的结合变形情况进行了观察和成分分析.运用显微硬度计对制备的NiCOCrAIY合金涂层内部的显微硬度进行了测量.结果表明.只有使用氦气作为载气时才能运用冷喷涂技术制备出NiCoCrAIY合金涂层.使用空气和氯气作为载气时无法制备;在不同粉体成分下.NiCoCrAIY合金粉体的沉积特性不同.所制备的涂层微观性能也不同.     

不同热处理气氛下制备CDC涂层

碳化物衍生碳(CDC)以其独特的特性被广泛应用在气体存储和摩擦学等领域.氯气刻蚀法制备CDC涂层具有操作简单、成本低、易控制等优点.实验系统研究了热处理气氛中氯气含量对CDC涂层性能的影响,通过激光共聚焦显微镜、高温摩擦磨损试验机、显微硬度仪、划痕仪等检测手段,分析了CDC涂层性能与热处理气氛之间的关系.结果表明,在氯气体积分数为5%～9%条件下1 175℃保温2 h所制备的CDC涂层表面光滑平整、硬度较高、且与基体的结合强度较好.此时CDC涂层的干摩擦因数最小为0.108,耐磨性最强,具有良好的摩擦学性能. CDC涂层显微硬度约为153 HV,明显低于SiC陶瓷的硬度.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.