烧结工艺对铝电解NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷阳极性能的影响

采用粉末冶金技术制备出铝电解用NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷阳极，并对烧结工艺进行了研究。研究结果表明，金属Cu与NiFe2O4的润湿性差，NiFe2O4-Cu金属陶瓷的致密化与NiFe2O4陶瓷相的致密化直接相关；一定温度下，延长烧结时间，能够提高金属陶瓷相对密度，但存在金属相溢出风险；在烧结过程中，为防止金属相的氧化和陶瓷相的离解，必须控制一定的氧分压；采用热压技术制备NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷时，陶瓷基体会被石墨模具还原。     

金属含量对Cu-Ni-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷导电性能的影响

制备了添加不同含量的Cu和Ni金属粉末作为导电组元的NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷材料,研究了材料的物相组成、显微组织以及金属相含量对材料致密度和电导率的影响.研究结果表明,所制备的金属陶瓷材料由NiFe2O4和Cu-Ni合金相组成,其中细小且形状不规则的(Cu-Ni)相均匀地镶嵌在NiFe2O4陶瓷基体上;试样的致密度在金属含量为0～20%范围内存在极大值;Cu-Ni-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷遵循半导体导电机理,其电导率随着温度的升高和金属含量的增大而增大.     

复合添加剂对金属陶瓷惰性阳极导电性的影响

为了改善金属相对陶瓷相的润湿,充分发挥金属相的作用,在合成含10%Ag的Ag/NiFe2O4金属陶瓷过程中引入添加剂TiO2和V2O5,采用粉末冶金法制备Ag/NiFe2O4金属陶瓷惰性阳极.原料NiO,Fe2O3,Ag和微量TiO2,V2O5经混料、成型后在1 250℃下烧结6 h.研究了添加剂TiO2,V2O5对Ag/NiFe2O4金属陶瓷微观形貌以及对试样电导率的影响.研究结果表明,复合添加TiO2,V2O5后金属银在陶瓷相中呈线状分布,EDX分析发现金属相中含有陶瓷相的组成,说明金属相与陶瓷相间的润湿性有所改善;同时试样的电导率有了显著提高.当添加0.5%TiO2,2.0%V2O5时试...     

NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷材料的制备及其耐腐蚀性能

采用传统粉末冶金技术制备了铝电解用Cu-NiFe2O4和Ni-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷惰性阳极,并对其在Na3AlF6-Al2O3熔体中的腐蚀行为进行了研究.研究结果表明:NiFe2O4基金属陶瓷阳极的腐蚀行为与热力学计算结果吻合;金属Cu与NiFe2O4陶瓷的润湿性能不好,Cu-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷的致密化和导电性能难以提高;致密度过低时,会导致金属相高温氧化和电解质浸渗,电极肿胀、开裂;在电解过程中,5%Cu-NiFe2O4存在金属相聚集和在陶瓷基体中Fe优先溶解的现象,但金属铜并未发生阳极溶解;5%Ni-NiFe2O4金属陶瓷易实现致密化烧结,在电解过程中表现出良好的耐腐蚀性能,会发生金属Ni的阳极溶解,并存在陶瓷基体中铁优先溶解的现象.     

FGH95合金的高温氧化行为

通过静态增重实验、X射线物相分析、扫描电镜形貌观察及微区成分分析等手段,系统研究了FGH95合金在不同温度下的高温氧化行为及高温氧化动力学规律.结果表明:FGH95合金在800～1 000 ℃具有较好的抗氧化性能,其氧化动力学曲线基本符合抛物线规律;在1 100 ℃,氧化较为严重,其氧化动力学曲线由两段抛物线组成.氧化层主要由Cr2O3和TiO2组成,在1 100 ℃高温氧化后有少量的NiCr2O4生成.     

ODS-310合金的高温氧化行为

采用静态氧化增重实验及扫描电镜、能谱分析和X射线衍射分析等手段,研究了ODS-310合金在高温环境下的氧化行为,分析了氧化层的形貌、成分和物相,并对其高温氧化动力学曲线进行拟合.实验发现各个温度下的氧化动力学曲线均基本符合抛物线规律.在700℃和900℃氧化100 h以后,ODS-310合金均表现出优异的抗氧化性能.但是,当氧化温度为1100℃时,氧化层厚度明显增厚,而且氧化层有疏松和不连续的现象,不利于氧化层对基体的保护.氧化程度随着氧化温度的提高和氧化时间的延长而加剧.通过能谱和X射线衍射综合分析可知氧化层的物相为Cr₂O₃.     

Ni-Cr-W 基高温合金高温氧化行为研究

研究了一种Ni-Cr-W基高温合金在700～1 200℃的高温氧化行为。采用XRD,SEM/EDS,拉曼光谱和维氏硬度等表征手段对氧化膜中物相、微区成分分布及合金表面硬度等结构及性能进行了研究。结果表明：随着氧化温度增加,合金中的Ni和Cr最先被氧化形成Cr₂O₃和NiO,其中的Cr₂O₃是致密的氧化层;当温度高于1 050℃时,有少量的SiO₂生成;实验范围内合金的氧化动力学曲线符合指数增长规律,氧化增重量都小于1 mg/cm²,说明合金是抗氧化级;合金在1 200℃下循环氧化后,氧化层厚度和增厚量都明显增加,其抗氧化性能明显变差;在1 100℃下氧化后合金的维氏硬度基本不变,而经过1 200℃循环氧化后氧化层会出现起皮剥落,导致合金表面硬度下降。     

金属添加方式对NiFe基/NiFe2O4金属陶瓷微观组织的影响

采用模压真空烧结法制备了2种金属陶瓷.差热分析、X射线衍射和扫描电镜结果表明:金属相加入方式对陶瓷的结构和组成有较大影响;当Al以单质形式加入时,Al会完全改变NiFe2O4原有尖晶石相,形成新尖晶石相,同时,这种加入方式会导致金属各元素的局部分布不均匀;当Al以合金化形式加入时,由于合金化后Al的扩散得到了较好地控制,没有改变原有陶瓷成分.2种金属陶瓷中的陶瓷相在高温烧结中都不稳定,都出现了离解现象.     

铝电解用NiFe2O4尖晶石基惰性阳极

采用高温固相合成法制备铝电解用NiFe2O4尖晶石基惰性阳极,利用球形模型研究了烧结时气孔的变化规律,并研究了烧结温度对其微观形貌和基本物理性能的影响.结果表明:烧结温度能显著改变NiFe2O4尖晶石基惰性阳极的性能;Fe2O3与NiO的反应属于自发反应,从热力学角度讲,该反应在常温下就可进行,而升高温度是为了满足动力学条件;当烧结温度从1150℃升高至1400℃,气孔率由30.41%降低到1.72%,抗弯强度由14.62MPa增加至71.94MPa.     

钼基金属陶瓷在空气中的高温氧化行为及防护

试验研究三种钼基金属陶瓷材料在空气中的高温氧化行为及防护的可能性。由于陶瓷相的保护作用,使钼基金属陶瓷的高温抗氧化性能远优于纯钼;MCPT-3 型样品的氧化产物与陶瓷相反应生成保护膜,在1150℃以下具有良好的保护作用;MCPT-4 与 MCPT-6 型的氧化产物不能与陶瓷相形成保护膜,高温抗氧化性能差,采用涂层处理,防氧化效果显著,在无热冲击的情况下,该涂层至 1200℃ 仍具有保护作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-