NF-RO组合膜处理大豆乳清废水

采用芳香聚酰胺纳滤膜和反渗透膜处理模拟大豆乳清废水,研究溶液浓度、操作压力、膜面流速、pH等对渗透通量与截留效果的影响,并探讨蛋白污染膜的清洗条件。研究结果表明:在一定操作压力下,渗透通量随着料液浓度的增加而减小,随膜面流速的增加而增加;对一定浓度的原料液,在操作压力小于0.7 MPa时,渗透通量随压力的增大而增大,当操作压力大于0.7 MPa时,渗透通量不再随压力的增大而增大;大豆乳清废水的等电点pH为4.5,当pH大于等电点时,渗透通量和截留率随pH的增大而增大;芳香聚酰胺反渗透膜对纳滤透过液的NaCl截留率在90%以上;蛋白污染纳滤膜经pH=10的NaOH溶液清洗后,通量可完全恢复。     

渗滤法提纯活性品红溶液

采用DK纳滤膜进行了间歇恒容渗滤提纯活性品红溶液,考察了操作条件对膜性能的影响,并对该过程中膜污染阻力的组成及污染膜的清洗进行了研究.实验结果表明:操作压力从0.8MPa增加到1.4MPa时,稳定渗透通量增大,渗透通量衰减速度加快;搅拌转速从50r/min增加到300r/min时,稳定渗透通量增大,渗透通量衰减速度减慢;污染膜的污染阻力主要由凝胶层和滤饼层阻力构成.清洗结果表明:采用pH=5.0的HCl溶液清洗30min能使渗透通量恢复到新膜通量的99%以上.     

WO_3-NiO电致变色薄膜的制备与性能

以硫酸镍(NiSO_4)和钨酸钠(Na_2WO_4·2H_2O)为原料,采用低温化学浴沉积法在ITO导电玻璃上制备NiO和WO_3电致变色薄膜,并通过物理方法制备WO_3-NiO电致变色器件。本文探索了溶液的浓度和pH对薄膜沉积的影响。采用低温化学浴沉积法直接制备的薄膜为Ni(OH)_2。实验结果表明当溶液浓度为0.02～0.5 M,pH在9.6～11.6之间,均可以得到致密、均匀的Ni(OH)_2薄膜。其中,当硫酸镍浓度在0.05 M、pH调至11.3时能得到致密均匀且透过率高的氢氧化镍薄膜。该薄膜退火后可转化为NiO。当Na_2WO_4·2H_2O溶液浓度在0.02 M至0.06 M,pH为1.2时,能得到致密均匀的WO_3薄膜。此外,钨酸钠浓度在0.06 M且pH调至1.2时,得到致密均匀透过率高的WO_3薄膜。将NiO-WO_3薄膜组装成器件后光学调制为28%左右,能得到所需的电致变色器件。     

紫外光接枝改性磺化聚醚砜微孔膜及其pH敏感性

用紫外光接枝聚合方法将丙烯酸(AA)接枝到磺化聚醚砜(SPES)微孔膜上,得到具有pH敏感性的分离膜.接枝膜采用衰减全反射(ATR-IR)附件进行了表征,接枝膜表面及断面形态采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)进行观察,并同时通过接枝率、水渗透通量和截留率的测定研究了接枝膜的接枝程度、渗水性能和pH敏感性.通过紫外光接枝聚合的方法,在磺化聚醚砜微孔膜的膜表面和孔内接枝上了丙烯酸接枝层作为pH感应型开关;当丙烯酸质量分数为0.05,光照20 min时,接枝率达到8.40%,pH=2时的纯水渗透通量约为中性时的20倍;当牛血清蛋白(BSA)渗透液的pH小于其等电点4.7,pH为2～4时,截留率发生显著变化,表现出明显的pH敏感性.     

CHA分子筛膜用于DMF渗透汽化脱水研究

将氧化钇稳定型氧化锆(YSZ)中空纤维载体上制备的CHA分子筛膜用于二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)渗透汽化脱水,系统考察了进料水含量和操作温度对膜分离性能的影响,并研究了CHA分子筛膜渗透汽化的长期稳定性。结果表明:膜的渗透水通量随进料水含量和操作温度的升高而增加;对于质量分数为10.0%水/DMF溶液,当操作温度为75℃时,CHA分子筛膜的初始渗透水通量和分离因子分别为5.7 kg/(m~2·h)和1 180;DMF分子在CHA分子筛膜表面和孔道内的吸附阻碍了水的渗透,膜的渗透水通量逐渐下降并在24 h后稳定在1.0 kg/(m~2·h)左右,渗透侧水质量分数稳定在99.0%以上。     

关于(A6,A11)-双位点突变胰岛素原作为外源肽呈递骨架可行性的研究

通过重组DNA技术,以(A6,A11)-双突变胰岛素原分子为支架构建了含有外源抗栓肽功能区的嵌合分子,并在大肠杆菌进行了表达和纯化.对嵌合分子进行胰岛素受体结合活性、放射免疫活性及抗血小板聚集活性分析,结果表明该嵌合分子具有较强的血小板聚集抑制活性,而无胰岛素生物活性,证明以(A6,A11)-双突变胰岛素原作为外源肽序列呈递骨架是可行的.     

牛血清蛋白在(NH4)2SO4水溶液中相互作用的研究

蛋白质在水溶液中的盐析行为在微观本质上是由蛋白质分子间相互作用引起的分子聚集过程．它取决于蛋白质分子间的各种相互作用的相对大小和盐对其相互作用的影响,也与溶液的pH值和温度等有关．通过热力学的方法研究蛋白质在溶液中的相互作用,有助于深入理解各种因素对盐析行为的影响．我们利用改进的Viker渗透压计测量了25℃下不同(NH4)2SO4浓度和不同pH值时牛血清蛋白的渗透压,在此基础上根据MeMillan-Mayer理论计算出牛血清蛋白的渗透第二维里系数B2．     

胆固醇疏水改性葡聚糖聚醛的pH响应性自组装

由于双亲性聚合物的自组装行为受环境因素的控制，以胆固醇3-半琥珀酸酰氯与氧化葡聚糖反应，得到胆固醇疏水改性葡聚糖聚醛（CMDA），通过改变环境pH值，控制氧化葡聚糖醛基与烯醇基的转变，从而改变CMDA分子间相互作用，以荧光光谱、表面张力和浊度等方法研究分子间作用力的改变对双亲性聚合物自聚集行为的影响．结果表明，CMDA在水中自组装形成纳米自聚集体，在pH=4．0和pH=10．83溶液中CMDA的临界聚集量浓度值分别为0．002mg／mL和0．005mg／mL，比中性环境中的临界聚集量浓度（0．02mg／mL）低了1个数量级．3种pH条件下自聚集体溶液表面张力具有共同的变化趋势，但在酸性与碱性条件下具有更好的表面活性．在很宽的pH范围内（4．4～10．5）溶液浊度保持稳定，而当pH小于4．0时浊度快速增大，并在4．0时达到最高值，动态光散射粒径测试验证了浊度测试结果．     

酸性条件下大豆分离蛋白的亚基解离

研究了不同pH值下大豆分离蛋白的Zeta电位、超速离心电泳、溶解性、荧光光谱及二级结构的变化及其规律,并进一步探讨了酸性条件下大豆分离蛋白亚基解离的机理.结果表明:酸性条件下大豆分离蛋白的亚基解离主要是由分子间静电斥力导致的,而且大豆球蛋白的解离程度远大于β-大豆伴球蛋白;溶液pH值在2.0 ～3.0之间时,Zeta电...     

酪蛋白的聚集态及其膜分离

采用孔径分别为50、200和500 nm的陶瓷膜处理碱性酪蛋白水溶液,考察操作条件及pH对过滤通量和截留率的影响,并研究酪蛋白胶束在不同pH下的聚集行为.结果表明:采用孔径为200 nm的陶瓷膜过滤1 g/L的酪蛋白溶液,在pH=13,操作压差0.10 MPa,膜面流速3.0 m/s条件下,可获得膜通量266 L/(m2·h)和酪蛋白截留率71.8％,综合效果好.酪蛋白的胶束尺寸和黏度随pH的增大而增大.膜过滤通量随pH增大而减小 ;截留率随pH增大而增大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.