多肽的表面展示与结构库

表面展示是一种新的基因操作技术,它使表达的多肽以融合蛋白形式展现在噬菌体或细胞表面,保持相对独立的空间结构和生物活性。该技术可用于研究多肽(蛋白质)的性质、相互识别和作用,并据此从巨大展示库中选择特定靶功能的多肽结构。常用丝状噬菌体、T₄噬菌体、λ噬菌体以及细胞构建表面展示系统。表面展示库包括重组噬菌体抗体库、随机短肽库、多肽构象库、cDNA展示库和基因突变体展示库。表面展示技术可用于人工抗体和疫苗的制备、抗原决定簇的定位、蛋白质相互作用位点的确定、特异调节分子的分离、细胞表面工程的研究、多肽药物的研制,以及生物分子实验定向进化等研究。     

抗癌胚抗原纳米抗体展示文库的构建与筛选

利用噬菌体展示技术进行纳米抗体库的构建和筛选,获得抗癌胚抗原(CEACAM5)的高亲和力、强特异性纳米抗体,为相关癌症诊断及靶向治疗的应用奠定基础。使用重组CEACAM5抗原免疫羊驼,分离免疫后羊驼的外周血淋巴细胞,提取总RNA后通过RT-PCR技术扩增羊驼重链抗体可变区(VHH)片段,构建纳米抗体文库。采用噬菌体展示技术和固相淘选方法,筛选得到强阳性克隆,经大肠杆菌表达和镍离子亲和层析获得纳米抗体,最终利用Biacore分析其亲和力和特异性。通过3轮的淘选,获得一株纳米抗体亲和力达到2.6×10-10mol·L-1,对同源性蛋白CEACAM-1、-3、-6、-8及肿瘤蛋白AFP均无交叉反应性。利用噬菌体展示技术成功获得了抗癌胚抗原(CEACAM5)的高亲和力、强特异性纳米抗体,可用于后续相关癌症诊断和靶向治疗。     

ICAM-1特异结合肽的淘选与性质研究

利用噬菌体展示载体pCANTAB5G8构建了随机十五肽库,根据转化率计算库容量为1.36×108.用PCR-SSCP检验了库的异质性.以固相包被亲和淘选的方法,经过4轮淘选和ELISA分析,得到了5个可与重组人细胞间粘附分子1(ICAM-1)特异结合的噬菌体克隆,对所展示的十五肽进行了序列分析.其中活性较高的噬菌体展示十五肽与ICAM-1的亲和常数约为7.87 ×107.     

人卵巢癌细胞靶向多肽的筛选与初步鉴定

采用改良的生物淘筛(Biopanning)流程,以人卵巢癌细胞为靶细胞进行5轮消减筛选,从噬菌体展示12肽文库(Ph.D-12phage displayed peptide library)筛选到靶向人卵巢癌的12肽克隆,通过ELISA、细胞免疫荧光法等方法从细胞水平鉴定了最佳阳性多肽噬菌体克隆R20靶向卵巢癌细胞的特异性和敏感性。结果显示:R20可以特异的、敏感的与卵巢癌细胞SKOV3结合,不与正常细胞或者其他癌细胞结合,具备进一步研发为卵巢癌导向分子元件而应用于卵巢癌靶向诊治试剂或药物研发的潜力。     

噬菌体展示肽库技术淘选蚕丝纤维蛋白连结短肽的实验研究

采用噬菌体随机肽库展示技术研究与蚕丝纤维蛋白连结的功能性短肽的淘选方法.实验结果显示,淘选的与蚕丝纤维蛋白连结的功能性短肽都包含有一个相同的氨基酸残基序列QSWS.噬菌体与蚕丝蛋白的连结试验和合成肽与蚕丝蛋白的连结试验都证实了QSWS序列与蚕丝蛋白连结的重要性.随着对淘选方法进一步改进和优化,这些功能性短肽将有助于对蚕丝进行功能化改造,可拓宽蚕丝在生物材料领域中的应用.     

胃癌细胞及临床标本特异结合的多肽的筛选与鉴定

从噬菌体随机十二肽库筛选出两个与人胃腺癌细胞SGC-7901表面特异结合的阳性噬菌体克隆,用细胞免疫荧光法鉴定这些克隆与SGC-7901结合的特异性,据亲和力确定克隆GSP5为最佳克隆,进一步以免疫细胞/组织化学等方法鉴定此克隆与胃癌细胞和临床组织的特异性/敏感性.结果显示,噬菌体克隆GSP5对SGC-7901细胞及胃癌临床组织具有较好的结合特异性/敏感性.该多肽有望成为胃癌分子影像诊断与靶向治疗的候选多肽导向分子.     

噬菌体展示肽库技术及其在分子病原细菌学研究中的应用

从噬菌体展示技术的基本原理、肽库的构建、噬菌体肽库的分类、噬菌体肽库的筛选方法等方面,综述了噬菌体展示肽库技术;从抗原表位研究、免疫诊断研究、基因疫苗研究、抗菌药物的靶向投递等方面,阐述了噬菌体展示肽库技术在分子病原细菌学中的应用;并对今后的研究方向进行了展望.     

异柠檬酸裂解酶肽类抑制剂的优化筛选

利用噬菌体肽库筛选与计算机模拟分子对接技术, 优化异柠檬酸裂解酶肽类抑制剂的筛选. 先通过噬菌体肽库筛选出与异柠檬酸裂解酶（ICL）具有高亲和力的结合肽, 再利用Discovery Studio 2.1模拟多肽与ICL蛋白晶体（1F8I）的分子对接, 最后用Fmoc固相合成法合成多肽, 并对其生物活性进行检测. 实验结果表明, 通过噬菌体肽库筛选得到了29条七肽序列, 其中12条可与ICL蛋白晶体成功对接. 体外生物活性检测结果显示, 得到的12条七肽均对ICL的活性有明显抑制作用（抑制率均超过50%）.     

噬菌体展示技术筛选布鲁氏菌OMP25特异性结合肽

利用噬菌体展示技术和ELISA筛选与布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白OMP25结合的七肽分子.将纯化的OMP25-32a包被于聚乙烯板上,对随机噬菌体七肽库进行4轮筛选后挑取噬菌体克隆,ELISA鉴定噬菌体克隆对OMP25-32a的亲和力和特异性.并将阳性噬菌体克隆扩增、测序、获得多肽氨基酸序列,生物信息分析筛选出特异的环形七肽分子.结果从噬菌体七肽库中筛选出42个噬菌体阳性克隆,测序翻译得到对应的42个环形七肽分子;ELISA结果表明,42个噬菌体中9#、11#、35#、38#和41#与融合蛋白OMP25-32a具有较强的亲和性;生物信息学分析42个环形七肽分子中11#环形七肽与锌指蛋白ZNF446有高度同源性.筛选获得了与布鲁氏菌外膜蛋白OMP25相互作用的环形七肽分子LT-7C,为进一步研究抗布鲁氏菌病的药物治疗提供科学依据.     

展示p53蛋白表位噬菌体phage-SD的制备及应用

[目的]利用噬菌体展示技术制备一种可用于检测血清p53抗体的噬菌体.[方法]利用基因工程手段将编码p53蛋白N端20～31位的多肽SD的基因克隆到丝状噬菌体载体fADL-le的pIII蛋白基因中，制备展示该外源肽的噬菌体phage-SD并进行了Western blot鉴定.在此基础上，分别以phage-SD和重组p53蛋白为检测抗原，利用ELISA方法对乳腺癌患者血清p53抗体进行检测.[结果]成功制备出能特异性识别血清p53抗体的噬菌体phage-SD.ELISA检测结果表明，60例乳腺癌患者中phage-SD检测到13例p53抗体阳性患者，检出率为21.67%,与重组p53蛋白检测效率(21.67%)一致.[结论]成功制备一种灵敏度高、特异性强的可用于血清p53抗体检测的噬菌体phage-SD,为新型血清p53抗体检测试剂的开发及临床应用奠定基础.     

A novel peptide,selected from phage display library of random peptides,can efficiently target into human breast cancer cell

To develop a targeting vector for breast cancer biotherapy, MDA-MB-231 cell, a human breast cancer cell line, was co-cultured with pC89 （9 aa） phage display library of random peptides. In multiple inde-pendent peptide-presenting phage screening trials, subtilisin was used as a protease to inactivate extra-cellular phages. The internalized phages were collected by cell lysising and amplified in E. coli XLI-Blue. Through five rounds of selection, the pepUde-presenting phages which could be internalized in MDA-MB-231 cells were isolated. A comparison was made between internalization capacities of peptide-presenting phages isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells and RGD-integrin binding phage by coculturing them with other human tumor cell lines and normal cells. The nucleoUde sequences of isolated peptide-presenting phages were then determined by DNA sequencing. To uncover whether phage coat protein or amino acid order was required for the character of the pepUde to MDA-MB-231 cells, three peptides were synthesized. They are CASPSGALRSC, ASPSGALRS and CGVIFDHSVPC （the shifted sequence of CASPSGALRSC）, and after coculturing them with different cell lines, their targeting capacities to MDA-MB-231 cells were detected. These data suggested that the internalization process was highly selective, and capable of capturing a specific peptide from parent peptide variants. Moreover, the targeting internalization event of pepUdes was an amino acid sequence dependent manner. The results demonstrated the feasibility of using phage display library of random peptides to develop new targeting system for intracellular delivery of macromolecules, and the peptide we obtained might be modified as a targeting vector for breast cancer gene therapy.     

Peptide binding to class I MHC on living cells and quantitation of complexes required for CTL lysis

Antigenic peptides are presented to CD8+T lymphocytes by class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules. Peptides specifically bind to purified class I molecules in vitro, and to class I molecules on cells at nonphysiological temperatures. We report here the kinetic and equilibrium parameters for the binding of radiolabelled influenza nucleoprotein peptides (NP-Y365-380 and shorter homologues) to the murine H-2Db molecule on intact, viable cells at 37 degrees C. In contrast to earlier reports, we show that peptide binding is rapid and reversible, with dissociation constants ranging from nanomolar to micromolar, suggestive of typical ligand-receptor interactions. Only 10% of cell-surface Db molecules can bind these peptides. To address the relationship between peptide binding and T-cell recognition of the antigen-MHC complex, we determined the minimum number of complexes required to sensitize a target cell for lysis by class I-restricted cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. Our data indicate that EL4 thymoma cells (H-2b) can be sensitized for lysis by cytotoxic T-lymphocytes when as few as 200 class I-peptide complexes (less than 0.08% of surface Db molecules) are present per cell.     

应用噬菌体随机肽库研究抗溶藻弧菌及其外膜蛋白单抗识别的特异性表位

用噬菌体随机七肽库筛选制备的抗溶藻弧菌及其外膜蛋白的纯化单抗，经3轮淘洗，获得较高程度富集的噬菌体，效价较高，第3轮淘洗比第1轮淘洗的产量高出近百倍。同时获得的阳性噬菌体经ELISA检测能与Va抗原发生强的阳性反应，确证了淘洗筛选的结果。     

A peptide fusion protein inhibits angiogenesis and tumor growth by blocking VEGF binding to KDR

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) binding to its tyrosine kinase receptors (KDR/FLK1, Flt-1) induces angiogenesis. In search of the peptides blocking VEGF binding to its receptor KDR/FLK1 to inhibit tumorangiogenesis and growth, we screened a phage display peptide library with KDR as target protein, and some candidate peptides were isolated. In this study, we cloned the DNA fragment coding the peptide K237 from the library, into a vector pQE42 to express fusion protein DHFR-K237 in E. coli M15. The affection of fusion protein DHFR-K237 on endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis was investigated. In vitro, DHFR-K237 could completely block VEGF binding to KDR and significantly inhibit the VEGF-mediated proliferation of the human vascular endothelial cells. In vivo, DHFR-K237 inhibited angiogenesis in chick embryo chorioallantoric membrane and tumor growth in nude mice. These results suggest that K237 is an effective antagonist of VEGF binding to KDR, and could be a potential agent for cancer biotherapy.     

利用噬菌体展示筛选结合水稻条叶枯病毒S蛋白的短肽

利用噬菌体展示技术在随机7肽库中筛选到结合水稻条叶枯病毒（rice stripe virus ,RSV）病害特异蛋白（stripe disease-specific protein,S蛋白）的6个短肽,并进行了序列测定,ELISA结果表明,6个短肽和S蛋白具有一定的亲和能力,筛选到的短肽对今后S蛋白功能分析、转基因抗RSV和水稻条叶枯病的诊断提供了条件。     

从七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选蛋白质配基

为了研究噬菌体展示技术的应用，以溶菌酶为靶分子从七肽噬菌体展示库中筛选蛋白质的高亲和力噬菌体配体，所筛选的亲和力最高的噬菌体的ELISA检测值A405nm可达0．634．通过比较亲和性噬菌体外源插入肽的DNA序列，认为基元HWWW是肽段与酶分子发生亲和的必需序列．此外，由于靶分子和高亲和性展示肽的等电点分别为11．2和6．74，因此在亲和环境中携带异种电荷，利于亲和吸附的发生，而此时低亲和性展示肽与靶分子携带同种电荷，阻碍了亲和吸附．同时，高亲和性肽段HWWPAS和与其有较高同源性的肽段HWTWWNL都有适中的疏水性，这有利于肽与靶分子表面的疏水位点相互作用从而产生亲和吸附．     

Peptide binding to empty HLA-B27 molecules of viable human cells

Intracellular binding of antigenic peptides by polymorphic class I major histocompatibility complex molecules creates the ligands recognized by receptors of CD8+ T cells. Previously described in vitro assays of peptide binding to class I molecules have been limited by either the low proportion of accessible binding sites or the lack of allelic specificity. Here we describe a system in which the human class I molecule HLA-B27 binds considerable amounts of an influenza peptide with precise allelic discrimination. Binding requires viable cells, is stimulated by gamma-interferon and is inhibited by brefeldin A. Our results are consistent with the presence of fairly stable 'empty' HLA-B27 molecules at the cell surface. By contrast, analysis of the binding of a second influenza peptide indicates that empty HLA-Aw68 molecules are relatively short-lived. We speculate that HLA-B27 might bind extracellular peptides in vivo and that this property could underlie its association with autoimmune disease.     

Anti-HLA-A2 antibody-enhancement of peptide association with HLA-A2 as detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes

Most cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) not only recognize epitopes of viral or other foreign proteins in association with class I major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, but also recognize target cells sensitized with short synthetic peptides representing the epitopes. There is increasing evidence that these synthetic peptides associate with the class I molecule both at the cell surface and intracellularly. We have now investigated the effect of a monoclonal antibody specific for HLA-A2 and HLA-B17 (B57/58) molecules (antibody MA2.1)3 on the sensitization of target cells with peptide for lysis by HLA-A2-restricted CTL. Previously, anti-HLA class I monoclonal antibodies have been shown to inhibit the recognition of target cells, infected with influenza A virus, by virus-specific CTL. We find, however, that target cells treated with MA2.1 antibody can be sensitized with peptide for CTL lysis much more rapidly than untreated cells, or at greater than 100-fold lower peptide concentration than that required for sensitization of untreated cells. This implies that the antibody, which is believed to bind to one side of the peptide-binding groove, directly affects the binding of peptide to the HLA-A2 molecule at the cell surface.     

亲环素A抗原表位在三维结构中的初步定位

以抗人亲环素A单克隆抗体D4作捕获抗体，用噬菌体展示库鉴定出亲环素A模拟抗原表位的氨基酸序列为WSLQSFL，在亲环素A的一级结构中没有相同的序列，提示亲环素A抗原表位为构象型的，亲环素A的三维空间结构已测定，利用RasMol等蛋白质三维结构观察软件，可以初步确定亲环素A的抗原表位的时间位置，此抗原表位与环孢素的结合位点有重叠。