NO样舒张因子和内皮素在急性缺氧肺动脉高压中的作用

在大鼠急性缺氧肺动脉高压模型、离体灌流肺动脉环模型及培养的牛肺动脉内皮细胞探讨ＮＯ样舒张因子（ＮＯ－ＬＲＦ）和内皮素（ＥＴ）在急性缺氧肺动脉高压中的作用。结果发现：ＮＯ合成前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（２５０ｍｇ／ｋｇ，ｉｖ）可有效降低急性缺氧肺动脉高压的幅度；在内皮完整血管环加入ＮＯ合成抑制剂Ｌ－ＮＮＡ（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）、ＮＯ合成前体Ｌ－Ａｒｇ（１０－２ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）分别升高（＋８０％，Ｐ＜０．０１）和降低（－３５％，Ｐ＜０．０５）缺氧肺动脉收缩幅度，给予硝酸甘油（１０－４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ）直接补充ＮＯ可降低缺氧肺动脉收缩幅度；此效应可被可溶性鸟苷酸环化酶抑制剂亚甲蓝部分逆转；内皮素抗血清或内皮素Ａ受体结抗剂ＢＱ１２３对急性缺氧肺动脉高压及缺氧肺动脉收缩没有明显影响；Ｎｏｒｔｈｅｒｎ印渍杂交技术显示缺氧使培养的牛肺动脉内皮细胞ＮＯ合成酶（ＮＯＳ）基因表达明显受抑乃至缺失．结果提示：缺氧时ＮＯＳ基因表达受抑及ＮＯ－ＬＲＦ合成释放降低可能是急性缺氧肺动脉高压的发生机制之一，内皮素不起主要作用．     

Carbon monoxide-induced adventitious rooting of hypocotyl cuttings from mung bean seedling

Carbon monoxide (CO) and nitric oxide (NO), two diatomic gaseous molecules, belong to mid-valent ox-ide of carbon and nitrogen element, respectively. In fact, CO shares many physical and chemical properties with NO. Recent studies showed that formation of…     

Involvement of carbon monoxide produced by heme oxygenase in ABA-induced stomatal closure in Vicia faba and its proposed signal transduction pathway

Carbon monoxide (CO) has recently proven to be an important bioactive or signaling molecule in mammalian cells. Its effects are mainly mediated by nitric oxide (NO) and cyclic GMP (cGMP). In Vicia faba leaves, CO production and heme oxygenase (HO) activity, an important CO synthetic enzyme, are first reported to increase in response to ABA treatment, which could result in stomatal closure. Inter- estingly, ABA-induced stomatal closure in V. faba guard cells is partially blocked when the synthetic CO inhibitor ZnPP, or the CO/NO scavenger Hb is added. Furthermore, we show that, exogenously applied CO donor, hematin, and CO aqueous solution not only result in the enhancement of CO release, but also time-dependently induce stomatal closure, and the latter is mimicked by the application of an NO donor SNP. The above-mentioned stomatal closure effects are differentially reversed by the addition of tungstate, a potent inhibitor of NO synthetic enzyme nitrate reductase (NR), the specific NO scavenger cPTIO, ZnPP, or Hb. During treatment for 4 h, SNP, 0.01% CO aqueous solution or hematin significantly triggers NO synthesis, whereas cPTIO, or tungstate approximately fully inhibits NO fluorescence. Ad- ditionally, application of the GC inhibitor ODQ blocks CO-induced stomatal closure. This inhibition could be reversed when 8-Br-cGMP is added. Thus, the above results suggest that CO produced by HO is involved in ABA-induced stomatal closure, and NO and cGMP may function as downstream interme- diates in the CO signaling responsible for stomatal closure.     

新鲜冰冻血浆（FFP）通过AMPK/Akt/eNOS通路促肺内皮细胞一氧化氮释放及机制研究

探讨新鲜冰冻血浆(FFP)对人肺正常微血管内皮细胞(HPMECs)一氧化氮(NO)释放的影响及其机制.采用NO/Nitrite/Nitrate分析法检测了体外培养内皮细胞HPMECs经FFP处理后不同时间点细胞上清NO含量.结果显示:与培养基空白对照组相比,FFP显著增加内皮细胞NO生成;采用磷酸化蛋白激酶抗体芯片和免疫印迹方法筛选和鉴定FFP处理后内皮细胞相关蛋白激酶磷酸化,结果为FFP显著增加内皮细胞AMPKα1,Akt1和eNOS蛋白的磷酸化.进一步分别采用Compound C(AMPK抑制剂),LY294002(PI3K/Akt抑制剂)或L-NAME(NOS抑制剂)预处理细胞,阻挡AMPKα1/Akt1/eNOS信号转导通路.结果显示上述三种抑制剂均能抑制FFP诱导eNOS激活和NO生成,表明AMPKα1/Akt1/eNOS信号转导通路介导FFP诱导NO分泌参与血管保护.     

Regulation of embryo implantation by nitric oxide in mouse

Intrauterine injection and zymography were used to investigate the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on embryo implantation in mice. On day 3, one uterine horn of female pregnant mice was injected intraluminally with various doses of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), while the contralateral horn served as control. Animals were sacrificed by cervical dislocation on day 7 of gestation, and the number of implanted embryos in each horn was calculated. The results showed that lower doses (0.05 mg L-NAME) did not inhibit implantation significantly (P > 0.05), but high doses (0.2 mg L- NAME) resulted in a significant reduction in the number of implanted embryos (P < 0.05). Co-administration of SNP, a generator of NO, with L-NAME would reverse the antiimplantation effect of L-NAME. To further understand the precise mechanism of NO in implantation, matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) activities were detected by gelatin zymography. The reduction in the number of implanted embryos in 0.2 mg L-NAME treated group was associated with decreased MMP-9 activity but a stable MMP-2 activity. The activities of MMP-2 and MMP-9 were not changed in L-NAME and SNP treated group. These data suggest that NO acts as a mediator to regulate the activity of MMP-9, and facilitates embryo implantation.     

高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质对大鼠一氧化氮合成酶活性的影响

为了探讨高原鼢鼠肌肉脂溶性物质（FSC）的抗缺氧机制，40只SD大鼠随机分为4组：10％FSC组、10％FSC缺氧组、空白对照组和空白缺氧组。FSC组和空白组分别用10％FSC和蒸馏水连续灌胃30d，剂量为每天20mL/kg。灌胃结束后，10％FSC缺氧组和空白缺氧组大鼠在5000m海拔高度下，连续缺氧15d，每天8h，测定各组大鼠血清一氧化氮合成酶（NOS）活性。结果发现，在5000m海拔高度条件下，10％FSC在缺氧条件下能显著提高大鼠血清NOS活性和NO含量（P＜0.05)。     

Involvement of nitric oxide in the signal transduction of salicylic acid regulating stomatal movement

The effects and the relationship between sali-cylic acid(SA)and nitric oxide(NO) on Vicia faba L.stomatal movement were studied.The results here showed that exogenous SA and NO induced stomatal closure,100μmol/L SA induced a rapid and striking NO increase in the cytosol of guard cells.This phenomenon was largely prevented by 2000μmol/L 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide(PTIO),a specific NO scavenger,and 25μmol/L N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME),an inhibitor of NO synthase(NOS) in mammalian cells that also inhibits plant NOS.In addition,SA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by PTIO and L-NAME.These results provide evidence that guard cells generate NO in response to SA via NOS-like activity,and that such NO production is required for full stomatal closure in response to SA.H-(1,2,4)-oxadiazole-[4,3-α]quinoxalin-l-one(ODQ),an inhibitor of guanylate cyclase,and nicotinamide,an antagonist of cADPR production,inhibited the effects of SA-and NO-induced stomatal closure.It suggests that both cGMP and cADPR might mediate the signal transduction of SA and NO-induced stomatal closure.     

大鼠急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注NO含量和NOS活性的变化及7-NI对其影响的实验研究

目的探讨一氧化氮和神经元型一氧化氮合酶是否参与了急性脑缺血再灌注的发病机制.方法采用栓线法复制大鼠大脑中动脉阻塞模型,观察血清和脑组织NO含量和NOS活性的变化及神经元型一氧化氮合酶抑制剂7-硝基吲唑对再灌注期间两者的影响.结果脑缺血45 min再灌注2 h后血清及脑组织中NOS活性及NO含量增加,再灌注8 h达高峰.7-NI能显著抑制再灌注期间血清及脑组织中NOS的活性及NO的含量.结论 NO和nNOS在急性局灶性脑缺血再灌注的过程中起着重要的作用.     

HO-1及CO在肝硬化大鼠不同时期的表达研究

观察HO—1及CO系统在肝硬化大鼠不同时期的表达,以探讨其在肝硬化门脉高压中的作用。建立四氯化碳诱导肝硬化大鼠模型并分为早(12只)、中(11只)、晚期(11只)及正常对照组(10只),测定门静脉血液中CO浓度,观察肝组织HO—1表达。肝硬化早期、中期和晚期大鼠门静脉血中CO浓度、肝组织HO—1的表达均分别显著高于正常对照组。肝硬化大鼠门静脉CO浓度在中、晚期显著升高,肝硬化大鼠肝组织HO-1表达明显上调,说明HO—CO系统与肝硬化门静脉高压有密切关系。     

诱导型血红素氧合酶在腹泻型肠易激综合征患者中的表达

本研究旨在通过灌注导管测压仪和免疫组化技术,检测24例腹泻型肠易激综合征患者（diarrhea predomlnant irritable bowel syndrome,D-IRS）及15例对照组的直肠压力、直肠对容量刺激的感觉阈值和结肠粘膜中诱导型血红素氧合酶（inducible heme oxygenase,HO-1）表达,以探讨HO-1在D-IBS发病机制中的作用。肠道测压结果显示腹泻型IBS患者的静息压、最大自主收缩压和排便压与对照组比较差异无显著性（P〉0．05）,但初始感觉阈值、排便阈值和最大耐受阈值明显低于对照组（P〈0．01）;HO-1在腹泻组IBS患者结肠粘膜中的表达也明显强于对照组（P〈0．01）。因此HO-1在腹泻型IBS患者结肠粘膜中的表达异常,表明一氧化碳（carbon monoxide,CO）在腹泻型IBS的发病机制中可能起重要作用。     

大鼠急性脑缺血时一氧化氮作用机制分析

目的 :研究大脑急性缺血及再灌注后 NO、NOS的变化。方法 :采用最新 NO、NOS测定试剂盒 ,以分光光度法于生化分析仪检测。结果 :脑缺血后 2 0 min及再灌注 1h内呈持续性显著增高 (P<0 .0 1) ;再灌注 1～ 48h内虽有所降低 ,但仍维持在一个相当高的水平。结论 :NO、NOS参与了脑缺血再灌注的损伤过程。     

拉西地平和川芎嗪对大鼠缺氧性肺动脉高压及肺组织bFGF表达的影响

目的：观察拉西地平和川芎嗪预防大鼠常压缺氧性肺动脉高压（HPH）的疗效及探讨其对肺组织碱性成纤维细胞生工因子（bFGF)表达水平的影响,方法：应用常压缺氧方法建立HPH大鼠模型;采用右心导管法[测定肺动脉压;用免疫组化技术检测肺组织bFGF表达水平,结果：拉西地平和川芎嗪均能显著阻抑缺氧大鼠肺动脉压的升高,两药莪疗效无显著性差异,且肺动脉管壁增厚不明显,缺氧对照组大鼠肺内bFGF染色颗粒较正常对照组明显增加,而缺氧加拉西地平或川芎嗪组肺内bFGF染色颗粒较缺氧对照组明显减少,结论：拉西地平和川芎嗪均有预防HPH的作用,并可能通过抑制肺组织bFGF表达而调控肺血管结构重建。     

NOS1免疫阳性细胞在小鼠脑内的分布

目的:研究一氧化氮合酶(NOS1)在小鼠脑内的分布.方法:采用免疫组织化学技术,观察了一氧化氮合酶在正常小鼠脑内的表达.结果:NOS1阳性神经元分布于中枢神经系统的广泛区域,包括大脑皮质、海马、齿状回、间脑和脑干.结论:表明N0与中枢神经系统的诸多功能有关.     

一氧化氮与肺动脉高压的关系研究进展

肺动脉高压是肺心病发病过程中的中心环节,其产生及严重程度影响着慢性阻塞性肺疾病和肺心病的病程．虽然目前对其发病机制还没有全面清晰地了解,但众多细胞因子在其形成过程中的表达起重要作用已得到共识．一氧化氮作为一种信号物质,在血压调节、细胞凋亡、学习记忆过程形成等多个重大生命活动中起着积极的生物学意义,尤其对血管平滑肌舒张的作用机制显示了其在治疗肺动脉高压领域有着巨大潜力．     

S-glutathionylation uncouples eNOS and regulates its cellular and vascular function

Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) is critical in the regulation of vascular function, and can generate both nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide (O(2)(?-)), which are key mediators of cellular signalling. In the presence of Ca(2+)/calmodulin, eNOS produces NO, endothelial-derived relaxing factor, from l-arginine (l-Arg) by means of electron transfer from NADPH through a flavin containing reductase domain to oxygen bound at the haem of an oxygenase domain, which also contains binding sites for tetrahydrobiopterin (BH(4)) and l-Arg. In the absence of BH(4), NO synthesis is abrogated and instead O(2)(?-) is generated. While NOS dysfunction occurs in diseases with redox stress, BH(4) repletion only partly restores NOS activity and NOS-dependent vasodilation. This suggests that there is an as yet unidentified redox-regulated mechanism controlling NOS function. Protein thiols can undergo S-glutathionylation, a reversible protein modification involved in cellular signalling and adaptation. Under oxidative stress, S-glutathionylation occurs through thiol-disulphide exchange with oxidized glutathione or reaction of oxidant-induced protein thiyl radicals with reduced glutathione. Cysteine residues are critical for the maintenance of eNOS function; we therefore speculated that oxidative stress could alter eNOS activity through S-glutathionylation. Here we show that S-glutathionylation of eNOS reversibly decreases NOS activity with an increase in O(2)(?-) generation primarily from the reductase, in which two highly conserved cysteine residues are identified as sites of S-glutathionylation and found to be critical for redox-regulation of eNOS function. We show that eNOS S-glutathionylation in endothelial cells, with loss of NO and gain of O(2)(?-) generation, is associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In hypertensive vessels, eNOS S-glutathionylation is increased with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilation that is restored by thiol-specific reducing agents, which reverse this S-glutathionylation. Thus, S-glutathionylation of eNOS is a pivotal switch providing redox regulation of cellular signalling, endothelial function and vascular tone.     

运动训练对女子篮球运动员血清 NO、NOS活性影响的研究

通过观察6周运动训练中女大学生运动员血清NO水平、NOS活性的变化,了解篮球训练对女子运动员血清NO含量和NOS活性的影响,结果表明:实验组血清NO含量、NOS活性明显高于对照组,运动训练能够提高运动员血清NOS活性,增加NO的合成,有利于提高运动技能和保护心血管内皮的功能。     

NO对新生大鼠心肌细胞PKC活性的影响

利用培养新生大鼠心肌细胞，检测NO前体L-精氨酸(L-arginine,L-Arg)和NO供体硝普钠(sodium nitroprusside,SNP)对PKC活性的影响，并探讨内、外源性NO在PKC激动剂佛波指(phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate,PMA)激活PKC中的作用.实验结果表明：培养基中加入L-Arg，PKC活性呈剂量依赖性降低；用L-Arg进行预处理，30 min后加入PMA，PKC活性明显降低，与单纯PMA组相比有显著差异；NOS抑制剂L-NAME本身对基础状态PKC活性无明显影响，但可阻断L-Arg对上述2个效应的影响；培养液中加入NO供体SNP，PKC活性呈剂量依赖性降低；用SNP预处理心肌细胞，5 min后加入PMA，PKC活性与单纯PMA组相比有显著性差异.以上结果表明，内、外源性NO均具有剂量依赖性抑制PKC活性的作用，PKC可能是NO对心肌细胞作用的胞内信号传导通路的关键部位或重要信号分子之一；L-Arg通过NOS先生成NO，NO再对PKC起抑制作用.     

Nitric oxide involved in signal transduction of Jasmonic acid-induced stomatal closure of Vicia faba L.

Nitric oxide (NO) and Jasmonic acid (JA) are two key signaling molecules involved in many and diverse biological pathways in plants. Growing evidence suggested that NO signaling interacts with JA signaling. In this work, Our experiment showed that NO exists in guard cell of Vicia faba L., and NO is involved in signal transduction of JAinduced stomata closuring: ( i ) JA enhances NO synthesis in guard cell; ( ii ) both JA and NO induced stomatal closure, and had dose response to their effects; ( iU ) there are synergetic correlation between JA and lower NO concentration in regulation of stomatal movement; (iV) JA-induced stomatal closure was largely prevented by 2-phenyl-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-l-oxyl-3-oxide (PTIO), a specific NO scavenger. An inhibitor of NO synthase (NOS) in mammalian cells, N^G-nitro-L-Arg-methyl eater (L-NAME) also inhibits plant NOS, repressing JA-induced NO generation and JA-induced stomatal closure. We presumed that NO mainly comes from NOS after JA treatment.     

Localization of NOS-like protein in guard cells of Vicia faba L. and its possible function

Using the immuno-fluorescence and immuno-gold electron microscope technology, localization of ni- tric oxide synthase (NOS)-like proteins was determined in guard cells of Vicia faba L. NOS is mainly localized in nucleus, cytoplasm, chloroplast, mitochondria and the cell wall of guard cells. Scorch and exogenous JA can enhance the level of nitric oxide (NO) and increase NOS activity in both leaf and epidermis, and the changing pattern of NOS activity was consistent with the change of NO. NOS in- hibitor, L-NAME, inhibited JA-induced NO generation. From the results, we presumed that NO genera- tion from NOS pathway is the main pathway in the stress and JA responses. The pharmacological ex- periment showed that increasing the Ca2 at a suitable concentration promoted leaf NOS activity and the NO level, indicating that NOS activity together with the distribution of NO is Ca2 -dependent. NOS and NO are possibly involved in the regulation of stomatal movement thus playing an important role in plant stress responses.     

海洛因依赖者血清一氧化氮合酶的检测及研究

目的 :了解武汉地区海洛因依赖者 NOS活性情况 ,探讨 NOS、NO与药物依赖的关系。方法 :采用最新 NOS测定试剂盒 ,以分光光度法于自动生化分析仪检测。结果 :海洛因依赖者血清 NOS活性有着显著性升高 (P〈0 .0 1) ,并与滥用时间呈正相关。结论 :NO、NOS在药物依赖机制中发挥着重要作用