用于双通道椭圆弯晶谱仪的天然云母实验

叙述了双通道椭圆弯晶谱仪的结构原理,详细阐述了天然云母弯晶分析器作为色散元件的制作过程．并在星光Ⅱ激光装置上对金平面靶进行了打靶实验,得到金平面靶的谱线图像数据．为了分析谱线图像数据相互混叠、相互交错的原因,对丹巴天然云母还进行了X射线单晶衍射实验与表面观察实验．实验结果表明,选择丹巴天然云母作为色散元件是造成谱线图像相互混叠、相互交错的根本原因．     

硬X光在线弯晶谱仪的设计与实现

该文介绍了具有定量化测量能力的硬X光在线弯晶谱仪,其主要结构为透射弯晶、Cs I(Tl)闪烁体薄膜、像增强器、可见光CCD,主要功能是定量获得较高能谱分辨的X光谱,由光谱获得超热电子温度和总能量的数据,为大尺度激光等离子体物理实验研究建立超热电子定量诊断的有效手段。该文对其主要光学结构及关键部件参数做了详细阐述。利用Ag靶准单色射线源作为测试源,对谱仪的性能进行测试,结果为Ag的特征谱线能清晰对称地呈现在记录结果中,谱线均匀无缺失,分辨效果较好,表明谱仪的性能良好。     

双通道椭圆弯晶谱仪分辨率的影响因素分析

双通道椭圆弯晶谱仪（以下简称TCECS）是激光惯性约束核聚变研究中非常重要的诊断仪器，通过在两个通道上同时进行X射线的空间和时间分辨测量，从而对惯性约束聚变的实验情况做出正确的判断。TCECS分辨率的影响因素较多，主要有椭圆的离心率、狭缝的宽度、光源没在椭圆的前焦点上、探测圆轴线没有通过椭圆后焦点，瞄准对中等引起的误差。本文分析了影响TCECS分辨率的主要因素，用Matlab6.1软件进行了数值计算，并提出了保证和提高TCECS分辨率的措施。     

用于激光等离子体X射线诊断的谱仪

为了诊断波长为0.5～0.8 nm的激光等离子体X射线,研制了一种新型的高空间和光谱分辨率的晶体谱仪.采用2个不同分光计材料、不同形状且相互垂直分布的通道可以同时获得谱线的空间和光谱分辨率.利用成像板接收光谱信号,其有效接收面积为30 mm×80 mm.讨论晶体基本参数和给出了谱仪设计参数.在中国工程物理研究院激光聚变研究中心的20 J激光器装置进行实验,两个方向的成像板同时获取得到了Al激光等离子体X射线光谱,其中水平通道的PET平面晶体获取的空间分辨率为1.73～6.88 mm,而垂直通道的Mica球面弯晶得到的光谱分辨率达到1 000～1 500.实验结果表明该谱仪适合于激光等离子体X射线的光谱学研究.     

球面弯晶分析器研制

在激光聚变实验中为了获取等离子体的重要信息,采用球面弯曲晶体成像谱仪来研究等离子体辐射的X射线,利用球面弯晶对X射线进行诊断而提供时间、空间、光谱分辨。该强聚焦晶体能增强信噪比,提高谱仪的空间分辨能力及立体角收集辐射能力。实验结果表明球面弯晶分析器对波长范围为0.2~0.4 nm的X射线其分辨率可达600~1 000,聚光效率在同样距离条件下比平晶分析器高一个数量级以上,适合于研究等离子体X射线光谱学。     

整体平行束X光透镜在实验室EXAFS谱仪中的应用研究

结合整体平行束X光透镜在实验室EXAFS谱仪中应用研究,利用整体平行束X光透镜和粉末衍射仪设计了一种实验室EXAFS谱仪.工作电压和电流分别为25 kV和100 mA时,该谱仪在9.92 keV能量点处,计数率为3.12×104 s-1,在钨杂质的特征谱线Lβ1能量点处,能量分辨率为15.4 eV.整体平行束X光透镜在该谱仪中既起到会聚X射线的作用又可实现高能滤波器的功能.对实验现象进行了理论分析.     

等电子谱线法诊断等离子体电子温度实验研究

在"星光Ⅱ”激光装置上对Mg/Al混合材料平面靶和Mg/Al示踪层金盘靶进行三倍频激光打靶实验,用平面晶体谱仪测量靶材料发射的X光光谱,获取了示踪离子谱线实验数据.采用多组态Dirac-Fock方法计算所需原子参数,并在局域热动平衡条件下建立了双示踪离子谱线强度比随电子温度变化关系.在此基础上由双示踪元素等电子谱线法确定了Mg/Al混合材料平面靶及金盘靶激光等离子体的电子温度.     

使用X光透镜和位置灵敏正比计数器的高能量分辨微束XRF谱仪

报导一种新型微束X荧光分析谱仪,它由导管X光透镜和使用位置灵敏正比计数管的波长色散谱仪组成.谱仪具有高空间分辨,高能量分辨和高灵敏度的特点.从实验上研究了影响谱仪能量分辨的各种因素及用于稀土元素L线分析的可能性.实验结果表明谱仪使用X光透镜形成的X光微束的最小束径对Mo-Kα线为30μm,谱仪对Ti-Kα线的能量分辨为4.4 eV,对稀土元素L线的最低探测极限达到10-10g.     

弯晶的引出效率与同步加速器的束流动力学稳定性

近年来,弯晶的束流控制技术得到了迅速发展．在加速器物理中,粒子能量和束流强度一直是人们追求的目标,而引出技术和引出效率则是保证柬流强度的关键．在经典力学框架内和偶极近似下,导出了粒子在弯晶中的一般运动方程．在准静态近似下,利用哈密顿原理分析了系统的稳定性;在相空间密度均匀分布假设下,利用相面积概念讨论了弯晶的引出效率．用Melnikov方法描述了系统的混沌行为及临界性质,给出了常曲率和变曲率弯晶的退道长度．     

质子交换中苯醌自由基CIDEP谱的变化

本文用时间分辨ＥＳＲ波谱仪，研究了对苯醌／乙二醇／水体系中光解苯醌自由基的质子交换。观察了ＴＲＥＳＲ谱的线形与溶液的ｐＨ值关系．在溶液为中性时，谱线为ＢＱＨ·的六条发射线，当ｐＨ～２．０２时谱线为ＢＱＨ２＋的五条发射线．ＢＱＨ２＋的各超精细分量的衰减速率与因交换而移动的谱线所占份额有关，那些因交换而移动的线所占的份额越大，谱线强度的衰减越慢     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.