过量表达脯氨酸的转基因烟草细胞对毒性重金属的抗性增强

脯氨酸(Proline)在植物对环境胁迫的耐受性中发挥了非常重要的作用。本文中,我们将来自飞蛾豆(V igna acon itifolia L.)的△1-吡咯啉-5-羧酸合成酶(△1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase,P5CS)基因转化烟草(N icotiana tabacum cv SR I.),经PCR扩增及Southern杂交分析证实飞蛾豆p5 cs基因已整合到烟草细胞基因组中,并在转基因烟草中得以表达。与野生型细胞相比,转基因烟草细胞中脯氨酸含量提高了80%;在毒性重金属镉(Cd,浓度50-100μM)的胁迫下,转基因细胞的生长速度更快,与镉结合的能力也提高近4倍。还原型/氧化型GSH之比和丙二醛水平分析表明,转基因细胞脯氨酸的增加与GSH的氧化还原状态和丙二醛水平是有关的。     

EGFP和ALR融合基因表达载体构建及其在HeLa细胞中的表达

从人血液中提取总DNA，利用PCR技术扩增人肝细胞再生增生因子基因，将其插入表达载体pEGFP—C1的多克隆位点中，构建增强绿色荧光蛋白（enhanced green fluorescence protein gene，EGFP）和人肝细胞再生增强因子（human augmenter of liver regeneration gene，ALR）融合基因表达载体pEGFP／ALR，并将其转染Hela细胞系，用含G418的DMEM／F12培养液筛选转基因细胞，然后利用PCR和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳检测转基因细胞中ALR基因的存在及其表达，用荧光显微镜检测EGFP基因的表达．结果显示：得到了构建正确的EGFP和ALR融合基因表达载体；在转基因细胞中，PCR扩增得到1．7Kb的ALR条带，蛋白电泳得到57KD大小条带．与ALR和EGFP融合蛋白大小相符；荧光显微镜下观察到发绿色荧光的Hela细胞．在转基因细胞中，EGFP和ALR同时存在并表达，绿色荧光蛋白可作为报告基因指示目的基因的表达，从而简化了目的基因繁琐的检测手段．     

用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻的初步研究

以水稻成熟种子的愈伤组织为受体，采用基因枪法将AGP基因导入水稻细胞，通过组织培养和抗性筛选，得到了转基因植株，转基因植株总DNA的PCR分析初步表明，目的基因已整合到水稻的基因组中。     

转多个抗真菌蛋白基因水稻植株的获得及其抗稻瘟病菌的初步研究

用基因枪法将水稻碱性几丁质酶（ＲＣ２４）基因、苜蓿葡聚糖酶（βＧｌｕ）基因、大麦核糖体失活蛋白（ＢＲＩＰ）基因和潮霉素（ｈｐｔ）基因同时导入籼稻品种（七丝软占）中,获得了７个潮霉素抗性再生系,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎｂｌｏｔ证明２～３个抗真菌蛋白基因已整合到水稻基因组中．初步抗性鉴定表明Ｒ０代转基因水稻植株对稻瘟病菌的抗性有所提高     

转多个抗真菌蛋白基因水稻植株的获得及其抗稻瘟病菌的？…

用基因枪法将水稻碱性几丁质酶（ＲＣ２４）基因、芷蓿葡聚糖酶（β－Ｇｌｕ）基因、大麦核糖体失活蛋白（Ｂ－ＲＩＰ）基因和潮霉素基因同时导入籼稻品种（七丝软占）中,获得了个潮霉素抗性再生系,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ证明２－３个抗真菌蛋白基因已整合到水稻基因组中,初步抗性鉴定表明ＲＯ代转基因水稻植株对稻瘟病菌的抗生有所提高。     

单子叶植物的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统的构建

来自于啤酒酵母2?μm质粒的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统可用于转基因植物（细胞）筛选完成后去除选择标记基因.水稻肌动蛋白actin基因启动子和玉米泛素ubiquitin基因启动子可有效驱动单子叶植物中外源基因的转录.为培育去除选择标记基因的抗盐耐旱单子叶转基因植物，构建了适合于单子叶植物的FLP/frt位点特异性重组系统. 该系统由含有FLP重组酶基因的植物表达载体pCAMBIA3300 Ubi FLP bar和含有frt位点的植物双抗（抗除草剂、抗盐耐旱）表达载体pCAMBIA1300 Ubi TsPPase frt als frtm以及pCAMBIA1300 Actin1 AtNHX1 frt als frtm组成.     

褐飞虱喂养试验显示表达GNA的转基因水稻纯系抗褐飞虱

利用基因枪法将含有3个不同基因（hpt,gus和gna）的质粒pWRG1515和pRSSGNA1共同转化粳稻品种鄂晚5号成熟胚诱导的愈伤组织。共再生出35株独立转基因植株。PCR／Southern印迹法分析发现,83％的转基因植株含有所有3个外源基因。Western印迹法分析发现79％的含gna基因的转基因植株以不同水平表达GNA。遗传分析证实外源基因在转基因植株后代中以孟德尔方式遗传。从其R1代亲本为孟德尔3：1方式遗传的R2代中,鉴定出2个含有所有3个外源基因的独立转基因植株纯系。这些纯系具有相似的外源基因表达量。褐飞虱喂养试验表明,这些纯系对褐飞虱具有显著的抑制作用。这些褐飞虱抗性提高的转基因纯系将应用于水稻抗虫育种中。实验证明,通过遗传转化和筛选可获得含在农业上有应用价值基因的转基因水稻纯系。     

通过遗传转化获得含多基因的水稻转基因纯合植株

利用基因枪法将含有4个不同基因的3个质粒共转化由粳稻品种鄂宜105号和鄂晚5号种子胚诱导的愈伤组织（5－10d龄）。从轰击的986块愈合组织中共再生出169株独立的转基因水稻植株（转化率为17％）。PCR／Southern blot分析显示70％以上的转基因植株含有所有4个基因。GUS组织化学分析、Western blot和或RT－PCR分析表明所有4个基因的共表达率为70％。未观察到任何质粒在整合中存在优势,转基因拷贝数也与基因表达量无关。遗传分析证实外源基因在后代植株中大多以孟德尔方式遗传。从其R1代为3：1孟德尔方式遗传的后代R2代植株中,鉴定含有3个或4个不同基因的转基因纯合植株系。PCR／Southern blot分析证实了这些转基因纯合植株系。这些系的植株具有相似的外源基因表达量。我们证实通过基因枪介导的共转化,结合常规育种方法筛选可以获得含多基因的转基因水稻纯合植株。这项技术为利用基因同时改良作用多个性状提供了一种途径。     

β—glucuronidase基因在水稻植株中的表达

采用花粉管通道法，将带β－ｇｌｕｃｕｒｏｎｉｄａｓｅ（ＧＵＳ）基因的ｐＢＩ１２１质粒ＤＮＡ导入栽培稻农垦５８。用荧光法检测ＧＵＳ活性，证明ＧＵＳ基因在水稻转基因植株中得到表达。Ｄｏｔ ｂｌｏｔ和Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ ｂｌｏｔ的结果表明经花粉管通道途径导入的外源ＤＮＡ整合到了转基因植株的基因组中，本文还对转基因植株后代的各种变异进行了讨论。     

生物鉴定和喂养试验证明GNA赋予转基因水稻纯系对褐飞虱的抗性

参照Rao等（1998）的褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养方法,用水稻褐飞虱生物Ⅰ型的－龄若虫食喂,用基因枪法获得2个转基因水稻纯系。这2个纯系均含有并表达潮霉素抗性基因（hpt),gusA报告基因和雪花莲凝集素基因（gna)。褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养试验表明,水稻纯系对褐飞虱具有显著的抑制作用。具体表现为降低褐飞虱成活率和繁殖力、延缓褐虱发育以及减少褐飞虱进食是。通过褐飞虱生物鉴定和喂养试验证明,表达GNA的转基因水稻纯系对严重危害水稻生产的褐飞虱具有抗性作用。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.