差速窄间隙捏合机螺杆齿形及刀具设计

根据齿轮啮合原理,设计了一种新型差速啮合异向双螺杆捏合机螺杆的端面齿形,该齿形全部由圆弧及圆弧包络线组成,齿形曲线呈光滑连续,齿形上无尖点存在,有利于刀具的设计和磨削加工．同时针对所设计的螺杆,根据铣刀成形原理,计算了铣削加工所需成形盘铣刀的刃形,并根据间隙要求对其进行了修正．用得到盘形铣刀的刃形去加工某些形状的工件,有可能产生过切现象,因此在计算完铣刀刃形后,还对铣刀刃形进行了过切校验,确保所设计的盘形铣刀不会过切螺杆齿形．     

内啮合双圆弧摆线锥齿轮齿面建模与啮合特性仿真

针对斜航线式双圆弧内啮合锥齿轮副齿面难以高效加工的问题,提出一种端面滚切加工外锥齿轮,进而基于外锥齿轮的平面产形轮产成内锥齿轮的齿面设计方法.首先,以双圆弧齿形作为切削刀刃的基本齿廓,基于端面滚切方法建立双圆弧锥齿轮的平面产形轮.其次,根据平面产形轮与双圆弧内、外锥齿轮的展成运动关系,建立内、外锥齿轮的齿面方程.再次,通过精确求解齿面数据生成齿面"点云",建立双圆弧锥齿轮副三维实体模型.最后,运用ANSYS仿真内啮合双圆弧锥齿轮副的啮合特性.实验结果表明:基于本方法生成的内啮合双圆弧锥齿轮工作齿面接触良好,可以实现正确啮合传动.当前研究可为内啮合双圆弧锥齿轮的高效加工提供理论依据.     

双重螺旋法圆弧刀廓加工齿轮副的齿面啮合特性分析

为了预控双重螺旋法加工齿轮副的啮合特性,研究基于圆弧刀廓的双重螺旋法加工齿轮副齿廓修形对齿面接触性能的影响。首先推导采用圆弧刀廓、双重螺旋法加工的齿面方程,基于Ease-off分析圆弧刀廓加工对齿面失配量的影响;采用有限元法进行加载接触分析,得到不同刀廓加工齿轮副的接触位置及形状、传动误差、接触压力,对比分析不同刀廓加工齿轮副啮合性能对安装误差的敏感性。研究结果表明:圆弧刀廓修形可改善接触区位置和形状,避免边沿接触,减小传动误差,提高传动平稳性;显著降低工作与非工作齿面最大接触应力,以及边沿接触对安装误差的敏感性,有利于提高齿轮副承载性能和磨损寿命。     

基于摆线滚轮阴模基体的步长伸缩双圆弧插补算法

阴模基体加工精度是影响摆线金刚石滚轮制造精度的关键因素。为了提高摆线滚轮阴模基体在数控机床上的加工精度,首先求解出摆线滚轮阴模基体形面曲线方程,然后基于双圆弧插补法,建立摆线滚轮阴模基体步长伸缩双圆弧插补数学模型,利用数值分析方法求解插补节点数据,控制步长伸缩以调整插补误差。通过计算实例验证了算法的可行性,结果表明:双圆弧插补误差小于0.01 μm,比直线插补误差降低75%;控制步长伸缩,在相同允差下拟合圆弧段数减少55%,提高了加工效率;插补数据拟合的加工仿真曲线光滑平整,刀具路径具备G1连续性。     

双圆弧谐波减速器刚轮插刀有效长度分析与优化

为预估和延长双圆弧谐波减速器刚轮插齿刀有效长度，论文建立了双圆弧刚轮齿廓数学模型，根据运动学法，建立了插刀加工数学仿真模型；根据齿廓法线法，建立了砂轮磨削加工数学模型，推导了刃磨后插刀的等效齿形与加工误差，确定了插刀的有效长度。在此基础上，论文通过优化砂轮齿形与插刀齿数，延长了插刀有效长度。结果表明：优化前55齿插刀有效长度为2.1 mm, 0截面插刀加工出刚轮齿形误差为2μm;优化后0截面插刀加工出刚轮齿形误差的最大值为0.14μm。优化后插刀齿数越多，插刀有效长度越长；优化后42齿、55齿、68插刀有效长度分别增加了4.8%、52%、81%。     

圆柱蜗形分度凸轮的加工及应用

本文讨论了圆柱蜗形分度凸轮的实用加工方法。用θ-X 二轴数控加工,再经修研作圆弧修正的工艺方法已加工出合格的分度凸轮。提出了用范成法实现θ-X-Y 三轴加工余弦运动规律的圆柱蜗形分度凸轮;已设计出简单实用的范成装置,在普通铣床上便可实现分度凸轮的加工。设计制造出的圆柱蜗形分度凸轮已成功地应用在研制的盖垫同心贴复合膜高速自动机上。本文还论述了圆柱蜗形分度凸轮可作为自动装配机回转工作台的关键组件。     

指形铣刀基于刀倾法数控加工准双曲面齿轮

为了解决盘铣刀铣削重型准双曲面齿轮的经济性差、对机床要求高等问题,提出了采用指形铣刀基于刀倾法数控加工准双曲齿轮的方法。建立了准双曲面齿轮盘铣刀刀倾法加工和数控加工的数学模型,研究了齿面展成运动的等效转换方法。提出将指形铣刀安装在虚拟盘铣刀上,用数控轴控制指形铣刀的运动代替盘铣刀刀齿的有效切削运动,确定了指形铣刀通过有序圆弧插补来展成齿面。通过准双曲面小轮的数控加工仿真,验证了本方法的可行性。     

飞机机身截形的圆弧拟合设计方法

飞机的机身截形是不规则曲线,最大曲率半径达到5 m,在设计飞机机身蒙皮切割装置时,需要为切割装置提供导轨,但是不规则形状的导轨加工困难。为此,对飞机机身截形进行了圆弧化拟合设计,并设计了运行导轨,从而降低了导轨制造难度,保证了多段圆弧导轨之间的光滑过渡。采用新型导轨的蒙皮切割机对某型号飞机机身进行了切割,切割质量达到飞机部件对接装配的要求,实现了我国飞机机身蒙皮的切割自动化。     

基于CFD的扇形喷嘴不同切割结构研究

扇形喷嘴越来越广泛地应用于清洗作业,但不同切割结构的扇形喷嘴具有不同的性能。采用VOF(volume of fluid)两相流模型,运用CFD(computational fluid dynamics)软件对扇形喷嘴及其外流场进行了数值模拟,研究了当扇形喷嘴出口截面面积一定时,不同的切槽形状和加工方式对清洗效果的影响。研究结果表明:相同的加工方式,V形槽的喷射角略高于U形槽,圆弧形槽的喷射角最小。但在有效作用域上和有效打击力方面,圆弧形槽的最大,U形槽略大于V形槽;水平铣槽加工方式的射流角度和质量流量均大于圆弧铣槽的;圆弧铣槽加工方式相比水平铣槽能提高V形槽和U形槽的清洗能力,但却削弱了圆弧形槽的清洗能力。     

缓变自由曲面圆弧包络加工法的表面误差分析

研究了缓变自由曲面的圆弧包络加工法，分析了产生加工表面的凸峰误差，并进行了模拟计算，圆弧包络加工法可有效利用圆弧工具的全宽减小工具的局部磨损提高其寿命，但圆弧工具形状残留于加工表面产生凸峰误差，对圆弧包络加工法加工横截面为抛物线曲面的凸峰误差模拟结果表明，工具圆弧半径增大和进给间隔减小可显著减小凸峰误差，采用工具圆弧半径r=20mm进给间隔△l=0.1mm，凸峰误差可以减小到0.06μm左右。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.