机器人关节空间的轨迹规划及仿真

为了保证搬运机器人在整个作业过程中运行平稳、连续,在关节变量空间直接进行轨迹规划,通过示教的方法,确定路径所经过的几个中间点。对于没有给定的区间,则利用5次多项式进行轨迹插补,可方便、实时地得到机器人末端执行器的目标轨迹。应用该方法对搬运机器人关节空间轨迹规划进行仿真,得到的机器人工作过程中4个关节的位移、速度、加速度的仿真直线平滑、连续。实际运行也证明搬运机器人的关节运动的轨迹控制达到了预期的目的。     

基于改进鲸鱼优化算法的码垛机器人时间最优轨迹规划

码垛机器人在运行轨迹过程中所消耗的时间直接影响到了其工作效率,针对码垛机器人的轨迹规划的时间问题,提出了一种改进的鲸鱼优化算法对时间进行优化。在基础的鲸鱼优化算法基础上,利用混沌映射初始化种群,引入自适应的权重和改进收敛因子,以提高算法的求解精度、收敛速度和全局搜索能力。首先,根据 D-H 参数法建立机器人的运动学模型;其次,在关节空间中利用3-5-3次多项式插值函数对机器人末端执行器经过的路径点进行规划,然后采用改进的鲸鱼优化算法对时间进行优化。最后通过 MATLAB软件进行效果仿真和对比。结果表明,与其它同类的算法相比,改进的鲸鱼优化算法的求解精度更高,收敛速度更快。将该方法与轨迹优化结合,与未采用算法优化的3-5-3多项式轨迹规划所需要的运行时间相比缩短了22.46％,且各个关节轨迹平稳连续,验证了该轨迹规划方法的有效性。     

工业机器人实时高精度路径跟踪与轨迹规划

手部路径跟踪和关节轨迹规划是机器人应用领域中一个非常重要的课题.在以往的研究中,往往是通过在设定的路径上增加节点数和路径分段数来提高机器人手部跟踪设定路径的精度,但这种方法会导致在线计算量大幅度增加.针对这一缺陷,提出了一种新的实时高精度路径跟踪与关节轨迹规划方法.该方法通过在设定的手部路径上按一定规则额外选取多个附加节点,使每一轨迹段上的节点数由2个增加到4个,并利用1个3次多项式、1个正弦函数、1个余弦函数以及1个由正弦函数和1次多项式的乘积构成的函数来构造每一段的关节轨迹方程.计算机仿真结果表明,在路径分段数不变、关节轨迹方程总数不变以及计算量不显著增加的前提下,运用该方法能大幅度提高机器人手部跟踪设定路径的精度.     

多段连续结构手功能康复外骨骼运动规划与结构优化

针对现有康复机器人手指运动轨迹仿生度低、轨迹规划策略与正常人手指运动轨迹差异较大的问题,提出了基于Tau-jerk引导策略的手指运动轨迹规划方法。首先建立外骨骼机器人的运动学模型,并用ABAQUS进行运动学仿真,引入修正系数调整运动学模型;然后以jerk值为耦合对象,推导出内部Tau-jerk引导策略,引入最小做功和最小面积确定最优轨迹和最优多段连续结构;最后比较了Tau-jerk规划的运动轨迹与多项式插值方法规划的轨迹同真实人手运动轨迹的偏差。实验结果表明:采用Tau-jerk轨迹规划的外骨骼运动平均关节角度误差小于1.5°,且平均指尖轨迹误差小于1 mm;与3次多项式插值和3、4、5次多项式插值运动规划相比,Tau-jerk轨迹规划方法更符合人手指运动轨迹。     

机器人手臂轨迹规划的研究

研究了服务机器人手臂关节空间的轨迹规划问题.利用三次B样条函数对机器人手臂的5个关节变量进行插值,使规划的轨迹函数连续并平滑,从而保证机器人运动的平稳性.实验表明,这种轨迹规划方法是准确和可行的.     

串联机器人运动学建模与轨迹规划研究

以IRS3003机器人为研究对象对六自由度串联机器人的运动学建模及轨迹规划方法进行研究,采用D H建模方法,结合Matlab Robotics机器人工具箱建立IRS3003机器人运动模型,对机器人操作空间进行运动学分析.采用五次多项式插值方法,基于PPO路径规划码垛轨迹,分别实现机器人在关节空间和笛卡尔空间的轨迹规划与...     

基于Matlab的IRB2400机器人 轨迹规划及运动学分析

运用齐次坐标变换理论对IRB2400机器人进行了研究分析,利用DH参数法建立了坐标系并确定了各参数值,通过Matlab Robotics Toolbox工具箱完成了机器人建模仿真。通过比较分析三次多项式和五次多项式插值算法,对关节空间轨迹进行规划,最终确定五次多项式插值算法是关节空间轨迹规划的理想算法。给定机器人初始和终止位姿,对末端轨迹进行分析,得到了各关节的运动曲线、角速度曲线和角加速度曲线。进行了正运动学和逆运动学求解,验证了机器人结构设计的合理性。     

基于时间-冲击的喷胶机器人轨迹优化算法

针对喷胶机器人时间-冲击等多目标优化的轨迹规划问题,提出基于时间-冲击最优的轨迹优化算法,优化喷胶机器人的运行时间和冲击(加加速度)两个效果相反的目标.采用4-5-6多项式插值曲线作为关节空间内的插值轨迹,确保机器人运动的连续性和平稳性;在关节角速度、角加速度和角加加速度的运动学约束下,利用多目标粒子群优化(multi...     

基于改进遗传算法的机器人时间最优轨迹规划

为实现6自由度机械臂在任意速度下运行时间最短,使用3-5-3样条函数对机械臂的轨迹进行规划,并利用改进的遗传算法对不同速度下的3-5-3多项式的插值时间进行优化。在遗传算法中应用自适应参数的调节和最优保存策略,防止种群陷入局部最优,加快收敛速度,提高算法性能。离线寻优得到机器人速度约束下最优三段插值时间,并在机器人控制平台上进行实时实验,由机械臂的位置、速度曲线验证了采用此改进算法可以在任意的速度范围内实现6自由度机械臂轨迹运行时间最优。     

基于粒子群算法的可重构模块化机器人速度约束下轨迹规划

针对可重构模块化机器人速度约束下的时间最优轨迹规划进行研究.首先利用旋量理论实现模块化机器人运动学方程的自动生成,并在此基础上利用3-5-3多项式插值进行机器人的轨迹规划.由于可重构模块化机器人系统刚性差、在高速运动时会产生较大振动,需要对运动速度进行约束,本文利用粒子群算法对速度约束下的插值时间进行优化,使得机器人在速度限制下实现运行时间最优.最后通过仿真实验得到机器人角度、加速度以及角加速度曲线并进行分析,证明了方法能有效地实现速度约束下的最优轨迹规划.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.