基于粒子群算法的可重构模块化机器人速度约束下轨迹规划

针对可重构模块化机器人速度约束下的时间最优轨迹规划进行研究.首先利用旋量理论实现模块化机器人运动学方程的自动生成,并在此基础上利用3-5-3多项式插值进行机器人的轨迹规划.由于可重构模块化机器人系统刚性差、在高速运动时会产生较大振动,需要对运动速度进行约束,本文利用粒子群算法对速度约束下的插值时间进行优化,使得机器人在速度限制下实现运行时间最优.最后通过仿真实验得到机器人角度、加速度以及角加速度曲线并进行分析,证明了方法能有效地实现速度约束下的最优轨迹规划.     

工业机器人时间-冲击最优轨迹规划

提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的时间-冲击最优轨迹规划算法,所提算法采用五次多项式插值方法对轨迹规划进行连续性控制,并引入海明距离和欧氏距离对遗传算法的交叉和变异策略进行改进。仿真结果表明,所提算法性能更优,能够更好地规划出时间-冲击最优轨迹。     

基于时间-冲击的喷胶机器人轨迹优化算法

针对喷胶机器人时间-冲击等多目标优化的轨迹规划问题,提出基于时间-冲击最优的轨迹优化算法,优化喷胶机器人的运行时间和冲击(加加速度)两个效果相反的目标.采用4-5-6多项式插值曲线作为关节空间内的插值轨迹,确保机器人运动的连续性和平稳性;在关节角速度、角加速度和角加加速度的运动学约束下,利用多目标粒子群优化(multi...     

多功能拆除机器人自动对接工具轨迹规划研究

为保证多功能拆除机器人机械臂在自动对接工具过程中的轨迹平稳连续和启停无冲击,提出了一种可配置速度的分段轨迹规划方法,即首先利用Bezier曲线生成其避障对接路径,然后在关节空间利用4-4-…-4-5次多项式对其对接路径进行分段插值。最后,以某型三臂式多功能拆除机器人对接工具为例,通过Matlab进行仿真,结果表明:4-4-…-4-5次多项式插值轨迹规划方法保证了多功能拆除机器人各关节角角度、角速度和角加速均连续,且启停位置具有零速度和零加速度,为实现多功能拆除机器人自动对接工具提供了基础。     

基于改进的自适应和声搜索算法的时间最优轨迹规划

根据机械臂运动约束,提出了关节空间基于改进的自适应和声搜索算法的三次样条插值轨迹规划。该算法采用自适应的记忆库取值概率、微调概率和调节步长产生新解。利用三次样条插值方法构造各关节位移、速度及加速度均连续的轨迹,然后由IAHS算法解算出最优时间。通过与基本和声搜索算法的对比,表明该算法有更强的寻优能力。     

一种新的Q学习算法在机械臂轨迹规划中的应用

为了对二自由度机械臂轨迹进行规划, 提出了一种新的动态搜索Q学习算法。该算法不需要建立机械臂的数学模型, 直接对轨迹进行规划, 根据学习进程动态调整贪婪策略的比例参数, 并给出较传统方式更具客观性和公平性的定量策略评价单元。同时, 由动态更新机构在线更新学习经验。仿真结果表明, 新的Q学习算法能使机械臂更快速地达到目标位置, 并实现轨迹全局最优。     

机械臂逆运动学避障最优求解算法

针对多自由度机械臂在障碍物环境下逆运动学求解存在多解性和碰撞问题,研究了一种将碰撞检测算法、最短行程方法与差分进化算法相结合的具有避障能力的机械臂逆运动学最优求解算法。首先,以六自由度机械臂为研究对象,对机械臂和障碍物进行建模,并建立求逆运动学解的目标函数,目标函数由末端执行器位姿误差函数、目标角度与初始角度之间的变化量函数、碰撞检测函数加权求和组成;其次,利用差分进化算法对目标函数进行最优求解,为了减小函数权重对求解速度和精度的影响,设计了一种自适应权重优化算法,使得求解关节角度在优化求解初期快速达到最短行程位姿角度附近,而在优化求解后期具有更高的的求解精度,即可求得具有避障能力、行程最短且高精度的最优逆运动学解;最后,以UR5机械臂为例,通过MATLAB软件中的Robotics Toolbox工具箱对算法进行仿真验证,验证了算法的有效性。     

六自由度机械臂基于TTF字库的汉字书写系统设计

为实现机械臂精确的轨迹规划与实时位置跟踪,针对GALIL DMC控制板卡,设计了工业机械臂实时位置跟踪控制系统和轨迹规划算法,使用REbot-V-6R六自由度机械臂完成了汉字轮廓绘制。首先,编程提取Windows自带的true type font(TTF)矢量字库的汉字轮廓信息,使用插补算法重新进行轨迹规划;然后,建立了六自由度机械臂的运动学模型,设计了机械臂末端位置控制器;最后,采用位置跟踪模式实现机械臂的运动控制,实现了机械臂的汉字书写功能。     

一种基于A*算法的空间多自由度机械臂路径规划方法

针对机械臂在运动过程中可能会与工作环境中的障碍物发生碰撞的问题,文章提出了一种基于A*算法的机器人避障路径规划算法。在给定的避障环境下运用A*算法搜索一条给定的自起点到终点的最优避障路径,考虑到机械臂在运动过程中的稳定性,采用二次B样条曲线对该路径进行平滑优化;根据标准的D-H法对机械臂进行建模,建立机械臂的运动学方程,并求取一组能够最优实现避障路径的运动学逆解;检测机械臂本体与障碍物是否发生碰撞,若发生碰撞,结合机器人逆解的多解性,重新选择最优的一组可行解。通过软件Solidworks建立虚拟样机导入ADAMS软件进行仿真实验,最终验证了基于A*算法的空间多自由度机械臂避障路径规划的有效性和可行性。     

基于RBF神经网络的弧焊机器人轨迹跟踪控制方法

针对目前弧焊机器人的控制算法大多是基于关节空间的算法,而这种算法无法实现对机械臂末端位置的直接控制的问题,提出了基于笛卡尔空间的轨迹跟踪控制算法.首先运用RBF(radical basis function)神经网络技术对实际机械臂数学模型的建模误差和参数不确定性进行补偿,接着定义Lyapunov函数并运用HJI(Hamilton-Jacobi inequality)定理设计基于笛卡尔空间的机器人鲁棒控制器.在此基础上以二自由度机械臂为被控对象进行仿真研究,仿真结果表明,基于笛卡尔空间算法的轨迹跟踪控制算法误差小于基于关节空间的控制算法,在基于笛卡尔空间的控制算法的仿真中末端轨迹跟踪误差小于0.08 mm,神经网络能够有效地在线学习机器人的建模误差和参数不确定性.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with