高比表面积超细二氧化硅粉体的制备

以水玻璃为原料,乙醇乙酯为潜伏酸试剂,采用溶胶法制备出了高温涧滑脂稠化剂－高比表面积超细SiO2粉体,考察了乙酸乙酯用量和反应温度对成溶胶时间,SiO2粉体BET比表面积及孔体积的影响,并用TEM,BET低温液氮吸附和IR等分析手段对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征,结果表明,采用该方法制得的SiO2粉体颗粒近似呈球形,粒径为20－30nm,比表面积均大于400m^2/g,最大比表面积可达503.38m^2/g,较理想的反应条件为乙酸乙酯与水玻璃溶液中所含SiO2的摩尔比为0．8,反应应温度为50℃。     

溶胶凝胶法制备超细二氧化硅的研究

以Na2SiO3·9H2O为原料、乙酸乙酯为潜伏酸试剂,并辅以超声波振荡,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了高比表面积超细SiO2粉体.考察了Na2SiO3浓度、酸试剂、表面活性剂、超声波等因素对SiO2粉体粒径的影响,并用TEM、BET、低温液氮吸附和XRD等分析手段对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的SiO2粉体呈无定形,粒径为40～60 nm,比表面积可达400 m2/g以上.     

溶胶凝胶和超临界干燥法制备纳米TiO_2粉体

以钛酸丁酯 (Ti(OR) 4 )为原料 ,采用溶胶凝胶法及超临界流体干燥技术制备了纳米TiO2 粉体。采用正交设计法研究了操作条件对反应的影响 ,筛选出了最佳工艺条件。TEM检测表明 ,优化条件下制得的二氧化钛粉体粒径为 11～ 12 .3nm ,且随热处理温度的升高粒径变化不大 ,但团聚加重。XRD结果表明 ,当热处理温度为 5 0 0℃时晶粒为锐钛型 ;当煅烧温度为 80 0℃时晶粒转化为金红石型。BET结果表明 ,二氧化钛气凝胶颗粒的比表面积可高达5 5 6m2 /g ;但随煅烧温度的升高 ,比表面积下降迅速 ;在 5 0 0℃时 ,比表面积只有 94 .6m2 /g。     

沉淀法制备高比表面积SiO2的工艺研究

以Na2SiO3·9H2O、H2SO4为原料,沉淀法路线合成高比表面积SiO2.实验考察了反应温度、H2SO4溶液浓度、Na2SiO3溶液浓度、反应终点pH值、表面活性剂添加量、后处理试剂、干燥方式等因素对SiO2比表面积的影响.采用BET低温液氮吸附比表面分析仪、热重分析仪、场发射扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等分析仪器对SiO2样品进行表征.结果表明,在c(H2SO4)=1.5mol/L、w(Na2SiO3)=6.3%、反应温度t=60℃、pH值为5,用正丁醇置换水等实验条件下,可制得SiO2粉末比表面积为841m2/g,相较于一般沉淀SiO2300～400m2/g的比表面积有明显提高.     

溶胶凝胶和超临界干燥法制备纳米TiO2粉体

以钛酸丁酯（Ti(OR)4)为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法及超临界流体干燥技术制备了纳米TiO2粉体。采用正交设计法研究了操作条件反应的影响,筛选出了最佳工艺条件。TEM检测表明,优化条件下制得的二氧化钛粉体粒径为11－12．3nm,且随热处理温度的升高粒径变化不大,但团聚加重。XRD结果表明,当热处理温度为500℃时晶粒为锐钛型;当煅烧温度为800℃时晶粒转化为金红石型。BET结果表明,二氧化钛气凝胶颗粒的比表面积可高达556m^2/g;但随煅烧温度的升高,比表面积下降迅速;在500℃时,比表面积只有94．6m^2/g。     

快速制备纳米SiO2的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶技术，利用正硅酸乙酯的水解和缩合反应，用NH4Cl作为阳离子表面活性剂，在短时间内制备了纳米SiO2粉末。研究了pH值、水与正硅酸乙酯的体积比、溶胶凝胶温度和焙烧温度对纳米二氧化硅制备时间及其粒径的影响，并用粒度分析仪对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征。结果表明，采用此方法制得的SiO2粉体颗粒平均粒径为67．5nm，较理想的反应条件为水与正硅酸乙酯的体积比为10，反应温度为60℃。     

AlOOH溶胶的制备及其结构与性能表征

以AlCl3·6H2O和氨水为原料、硝酸为解胶剂,采用非均相沉淀法制备了AlOOH溶胶,并通过喷雾干燥法制备了AlOOH溶胶的凝胶粉体.利用TEM、激光粒度分析和ζ-电位测量等考察表面活性剂对AlOOH溶胶粒径分布以及稳定性的影响,采用SEM、BET、XRD等分析煅烧后AlOOH溶胶干燥物的显微形貌、比表面积、孔径分布以及晶化机理.结果表明,添加PEG400可以控制AlOOH溶胶胶粒的尺寸和粒径分布范围; 溶胶经喷雾干燥处理后得到的凝胶粉体流动性好, 颗粒呈圆环状或圆钵状,具有较高的比表面积,且经过1 200 ℃煅烧后其比表面积仍可达185 m2/g.     

化学沉淀法制备多孔纳米SiO_2粉末

化学沉淀法制备多孔状纳米 SiO2微粉是以水玻璃和盐酸为原料,添加适宜的稳定剂（非离子表面活剂）在适宜的 pH值和温度下沉淀合成 .采用微波干燥后,在适宜的温度下煅烧所得到产品粉末,采用 BDL－ B型电位仪、 BET、 EPMA－电子探针及 DTA－ TGA等手段对其性能进行了表征,结果表明,制得的 SiO2超细微粉,颗粒呈多孔状,具有巨大的比表面积,高达 1000m2/g以上,孔径为 25左右 .粒度分布均匀,粒度可达纳米级,这种粉末具有特殊的性能 .     

并流式进料沉淀法二氧化硅的制备

以工业水玻璃和硫酸为原料,用并流式进料的化学沉淀法制备了大孔容、高比表面积的超细SiO2粉末,用BET、TG-DTA、激光粒度分析等手段对其性能进行表征,并研究了进料方式、表面活性剂和热处理等因素的影响.结果表明,并流进料沉淀法所制得的多孔型SiO2比表面积可达823 m2/g,孔容可达1.438 cm3/g.     

潜伏酸法纳米二氧化硅的制备和表征及对聚乙烯复合物性能的影响

以硅酸钠为原料、己二酸二甲酯为酸潜伏剂,采用溶胶—凝胶法制得纳米二氧化硅(SiO2)粉体,运用红外光谱(FT-IR)、布鲁纳尔—埃梅特—泰勒(BET)比表面积、孔径分布和透射电镜(TEM)等对二氧化硅粉体进行表征。红外光谱表明二氧化硅表面硅羟基与己二酸二甲酯水解产物己二酸的羧基形成氢键。制得的二氧化硅粉体具有较大的比表面积[388～400(m2.g-1)],根据比表面积计算出一次粒径小于10 nm。透射电镜观察到二氧化硅粒子聚集使得二次颗粒尺寸在(80—100)nm之间。采用熔融共混法制备SiO2/低密度聚乙烯(LDPE)复合材料(SiO2/LDPE),研究纳米二氧化硅对LDPE的力学性能和热稳定性的影响。结果表明纳米二氧化硅的加入提高了LDPE的拉伸强度,含3%二氧化硅的复合物的拉伸强度从6.88 MPa提高到8.32 MPa。并且随着纳米粒子含量的增加其断裂伸长率降低,但高温热稳定性增强。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.