沉淀法制备高比表面积SiO2的工艺研究

以Na2SiO3·9H2O、H2SO4为原料,沉淀法路线合成高比表面积SiO2.实验考察了反应温度、H2SO4溶液浓度、Na2SiO3溶液浓度、反应终点pH值、表面活性剂添加量、后处理试剂、干燥方式等因素对SiO2比表面积的影响.采用BET低温液氮吸附比表面分析仪、热重分析仪、场发射扫描电镜、激光粒度分析仪、傅里叶变换红外光谱仪等分析仪器对SiO2样品进行表征.结果表明,在c(H2SO4)=1.5mol/L、w(Na2SiO3)=6.3%、反应温度t=60℃、pH值为5,用正丁醇置换水等实验条件下,可制得SiO2粉末比表面积为841m2/g,相较于一般沉淀SiO2300～400m2/g的比表面积有明显提高.     

沉淀剂和pH值对共沉淀法制备介孔铈锆铝材料织构性能的影响

采用并流滴定沉淀法制备了新型材料铈锆铝,利用氮气吸附法考察了制备过程中沉淀剂和滴定速率对材料比表面积和孔容的影响.实验结果表明,以碳酸铵—氨水为混合沉淀剂,pH值从9调到10时,材料样品比表面积和孔容最大,抗老化性能最好,1 000℃老化后材料样品比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为95 m2/g、0.31 mL/g、10.2 nm,属于介孔材料.     

溶胶凝胶法制备超细二氧化硅的研究

以Na2SiO3·9H2O为原料、乙酸乙酯为潜伏酸试剂,并辅以超声波振荡,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了高比表面积超细SiO2粉体.考察了Na2SiO3浓度、酸试剂、表面活性剂、超声波等因素对SiO2粉体粒径的影响,并用TEM、BET、低温液氮吸附和XRD等分析手段对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征.结果表明,所制得的SiO2粉体呈无定形,粒径为40～60 nm,比表面积可达400 m2/g以上.     

高比表面积超细二氧化硅粉体的制备

以水玻璃为原料、乙酸乙酯为潜伏酸试剂 ,采用溶胶凝胶法制备出了高温润滑脂稠化剂———高比表面积超细SiO2 粉体。考察了乙酸乙酯用量和反应温度对成溶胶时间、SiO2 粉体BET比表面积及孔体积的影响 ,并用TEM、BET低温液氮吸附和IR等分析手段对SiO2 粉体颗粒进行了表征。结果表明 ,采用该方法制得的SiO2 粉体颗粒近似呈球形 ,粒径为 2 0～ 30nm ,比表面积均大于 40 0m2 /g ,最大比表面积可达 5 0 3 38m2 /g。较理想的反应条件为乙酸乙酯与水玻璃溶液中所含SiO2 的摩尔比为 0 8,反应温度为 5 0℃。     

化学沉淀法制备多孔纳米SiO_2粉末

化学沉淀法制备多孔状纳米 SiO2微粉是以水玻璃和盐酸为原料,添加适宜的稳定剂（非离子表面活剂）在适宜的 pH值和温度下沉淀合成 .采用微波干燥后,在适宜的温度下煅烧所得到产品粉末,采用 BDL－ B型电位仪、 BET、 EPMA－电子探针及 DTA－ TGA等手段对其性能进行了表征,结果表明,制得的 SiO2超细微粉,颗粒呈多孔状,具有巨大的比表面积,高达 1000m2/g以上,孔径为 25左右 .粒度分布均匀,粒度可达纳米级,这种粉末具有特殊的性能 .     

高比表面积超细二氧化硅粉体的制备

以水玻璃为原料,乙醇乙酯为潜伏酸试剂,采用溶胶法制备出了高温涧滑脂稠化剂－高比表面积超细SiO2粉体,考察了乙酸乙酯用量和反应温度对成溶胶时间,SiO2粉体BET比表面积及孔体积的影响,并用TEM,BET低温液氮吸附和IR等分析手段对SiO2粉体颗粒进行了表征,结果表明,采用该方法制得的SiO2粉体颗粒近似呈球形,粒径为20－30nm,比表面积均大于400m^2/g,最大比表面积可达503.38m^2/g,较理想的反应条件为乙酸乙酯与水玻璃溶液中所含SiO2的摩尔比为0．8,反应应温度为50℃。     

免焙烧制备WP/SiO2加氢脱硫催化剂

采用等体积浸渍法制备焙烧和免焙烧的催化剂前驱体,用H2程序升温还原法制备焙烧和免焙烧的WP/SiO2催化剂.对制备的催化剂进行XRD和N2物理吸附表征,并用质量分数为0.8%的二苯并噻吩/十氢萘溶液来考察催化剂的加氢脱硫反应活性.与焙烧的WP/SiO2(C-WP/SiO2)催化剂相比,NC-WP/SiO2具有较大的比表面积和孔容;反应后,两种催化剂的比表面积和孔容均降低.在NC-WP/SiO2上,DBT的转化率略低于C-WP/SiO2,但均随着温度的增加而升高;随着温度的升高,两种催化剂加氢中间体的选择性降低,直接脱硫产物BP的选择性升高,说明增加温度有助于含硫化合物的脱硫.340℃,C-WP/SiO2催化DBT的反应速率(0.33 mol·g－1·min－1)略高于NC-WP/SiO2(0.28 mol·g－1·min－1);在NC-WP/SiO2上,DBT主要以DDS路径脱硫,而在C-WP/SiO2上,加氢活性较高.     

热处理对多孔SiO2块材结构和性能的影响

以正硅酸乙酯、聚乙二醇和乙醇等为主要原料,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了固定化酶用的块状多孔SiO2,着重研究了不同热处理温度下材料的红外光谱、孔径分布和水热稳定性.结果表明:600℃热处理后可有效去除残余有机物,形成无定形硅氧网络结构,并得到细孔比表面积为392m2/g、孔容积为0.93 cm3/g、平均孔径为17 nm的圆柱状多孔SiO2;但经800℃以上热处理后多孔材料的体积密度显著增加、开口气孔率和比表面积急剧减小.600℃热处理的多孔材料在80℃热水中浸泡72 h后,氧化硅溶出率小于2%,细孔比表面积减少小于7%,显示出较好的水热稳定性.     

改性活性炭负载铁氧化物及其对Pb~(2+)的吸附特性

用过硫酸盐预处理活性炭,然后用化学沉淀法联合超声技术制备出磁性活性炭.该磁性活性炭具有比表面积高、官能团丰富和磁性能好等优点,其磁性活性炭比表面积为646.81 m~2/g,孔径为2.11 nm,孔容为0.33 m~2/g;官能团主要为羟基、羧基和酯基等;饱和磁化强度为10.07 emu/g,有利于吸附后的分离;剩余磁化强度为1.165 emu/g,具有一定的抗退磁能力.采用静态吸附实验的方法,比较了活性炭和制备的磁性活性炭在水溶液中对Pb~(2+)的吸附量,结果表明磁性活性炭对Pb~(2+)的饱和吸附量为68.925 mg/g,远超过活性炭对Pb~(2+)的吸附量(30.125 mg/g),显示出磁性活性炭对水溶液中Pb~(2+)优异的吸附性能.     

甲基三乙氧基硅烷改性制备疏水SiO_2气凝胶

采用原位聚合法结合超临界干燥工艺,以正硅酸四乙酯为硅源、甲基三乙氧基硅烷为改性剂制备出疏水型SiO2气凝胶.采用比表面积及微孔物理分析仪、接触角分析仪、热分析仪和红外光谱仪对其性能和结构进行表征.结果表明:所制备出的SiO2气凝胶是接触角为160°、比表面积为674.47 m2/g和孔体积为4.13 cm3/g的疏水型气凝胶.疏水SiO2气凝胶的热稳定温度为244.5℃.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…