经组织培养快速繁殖象牙白（Cymbidium eburneum）的研究

本文论述了利用组织培养手段快速繁殖象牙白的研究结果试验表明：ＶＷ改对诱导和增殖象牙白原球茎有良好效果．采用附加ＫＴ１～２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＮＡＡ０．１～０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＶＷ改培养基，原球茎发生率可达９５％，用该培养基继代培养２个月后，原球茎可增殖６～８倍；２，４－Ｄ对原球茎的形成有强烈抑制作用．培养基中含有０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的２，４—Ｄ就足以完全抑制原球茎的形成；６—ＢＡ对原球茎的增殖和分化效果不理想，ＫＴ的效果较好；生根壮苗阶段以附加５％～１０％香蕉汁的１／２ＭＳ培养基效果最佳．文中还介绍了象牙自试管苗的移栽技术．     

苦丁茶的组织培养和快速繁殖研究

用苦丁茶当年生枝条的顶芽和侧芽作外植体，培养在附加了各种浓度ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上，当ＢＡ浓度为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时诱导芽形成及增殖效果最佳，ＧＡ２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＢＡ配合使用有利于壮苗；在１／２ＭＳ培养基中，附加ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，生根效果最佳。试管苗高２ｃｍ～３ｃｍ、根数２～３条时开盖炼苗２ｄ～３ｄ移入培养土中，试管苗移栽成活率高。     

苦丁茶的组织培养和快速繁殖研究

用苦丁茶当年生枝条的顶芽和侧芽作外植体，培养在附加了各种浓度ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上，当ＢＡ浓度为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时诱导芽形成及增殖效果最佳，ＧＡ２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＢＡ配合使用有利于壮苗；在１／２ＭＳ培养基中，附加ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，生根效果最佳。试管苗高２ｃｍ～３ｃｍ、根数２～３条时开盖炼苗２ｄ～３ｄ移入培养土中，试管苗移栽成活率高。     

苦丁茶的组织培养和快速繁殖研究

用苦丁茶当年生枝条的顶芽和侧芽作外植体，培养在附加了各种浓度ＢＡ的ＭＳ培养基上，当ＢＡ浓度为３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ时诱导芽形成及增殖效果最佳，ＧＡ２．０＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ和ＢＡ配合使用有利于壮苗；在１／２ＭＳ培养基中，附加ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ，生根效果最佳。试管苗高２￣３ｃｍ、根数２￣３条时开盖炼苗２ｄ￣３ｄ移入培养土中，试管苗移栽成活率高。     

播娘蒿子叶及下胚轴诱导再生植珠的研究

用播娘蒿种子，在附加６－ＢＡ０．５～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上获得无菌苗，幼苗的下胚轴在含６－ＢＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上出愈情况最佳，将来自下胚轴的愈伤组织培养于含有６－ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．２ｍｇ／Ｌ的ＭＳ培养基上分化出的丛生芽状态最好，最佳生根培养基为１／２ＭＳ＋ＩＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ．     

生长调节物质对丹参叶片脱分化及根芽分化的效应

生长调节物质对丹参叶片脱分化及根芽分化效应的研究结果表明：（１）０．５～５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ，０．１～０．５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ０．５～１．５ｍｇ／ＬＩＢＡ或０．２～１．０ｍｇ／Ｌ４ＰＵ－３０诱导叶片的脱分化率高达９７％～１０００％。（２）０．１～０．５ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ或０．５～２．０ｍｇ／ＩＢＡ诱导芽化率为９３％～１００％，３种细胞分裂素中，４ＰＵ－３０对叶片芽化最有效，６－ＢＡ和ＫＴ次之。（３）随     

毛花猕猴桃愈伤组织诱导与植株再生

从毛花猕猴桃（ＡｃｔｉｎｉｄｉａｅｒｉａｎｔｈａＢｅｎｔｈ）田间生长的茎段、种子无菌条件下萌发的下胚轴及试管苗的茎段和叶片得到愈伤组织。田间来源的茎段诱导愈伤组织较难，愈伤组织生长缓慢；下胚轴及试管苗茎段和叶片容易产生愈伤组织，愈伤组织生长旺盛。消毒时间、接种方法、基因型和培养基都可能影响到田间来源的茎段愈伤组织产生。在ＭＳ附加玉米素或６－苄氨基嘌呤（ＢＡＰ）的培养基上下胚轴来源的愈伤组织不经转代即分化芽和根。试管苗茎段和叶片在附加玉米素或Ｎ－（２－氯基－４－吡啶基）－Ｎ′－苯基脲（ＣＰＰＵ）的ＭＳ培养基上培养一代也分化出芽、试管苗茎段在附加０．００２５ｍｇ／ＬＣＰＰＵ和０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ吲跺乙酸（ＩＡＡ）的ＭＳ培养基上产生愈伤组织、芽的分化和苗生长都较理想；试管苗叶片则以附加０．０２５ｍｇ／ＬＣＰＰＵ和０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ或０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ玉米素和０．１ｍｇ／ＬＩＡＡ的ＭＳ培养基较好。当苗伸长至１ｃｍ或以上时切下，转入ＭＳ基本培养基（大量元素减半）上后可形成完整植株。     

雪兔子叶的组织培养及植株再生

以雪兔子无菌苗的幼叶为外植体,接种到ＭＳ补加ＮＡＡ（１．０－２．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ、６－ＢＡ（０．１－１．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ的培养基上诱导愈伤组织,其中以ＭＳ＋ＮＡＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ的诱导效果最好,经６周培养即可形成大量的黄绿色愈伤组织,诱导率可达１００％,经２－３次继代培养后,将生长发良好的愈伤组织转接到ＭＳ附加６－ＢＡ（０．５－２．０）ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＩＡＡ（０．０５－０．１）ｍｇ／Ｌ、Ｎ     

组织培养快速繁殖肾茶的研究

利用组织培养手段快速繁殖肾茶的研究结果表明：以肾茶的茎尖、茎节、节间和嫩叶作为外植体，均能诱导产生愈伤组织，但在愈伤组织分化不定芽的诱导中，以茎尖最好，茎节次之，再次为叶，而节间则不易分化成芽．在培养中，基本培养基以ＭＳ最合适，诱导愈伤组织最好的培养基是ＭＳ＋６－ＢＡ０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ（或２，４－Ｄ０．１ｍｇ／Ｌ），而且对不定芽的分化最佳；生根壮苗阶段，以附加１０％马铃薯和０．１ｍｇ／ＬＮＡＡ的１／２ＭＳ培养基效果最好，发根率达１０％，且苗粗壮．此外，还介绍了肾茶试管苗移栽技术，并对炼苗基土作了试验，结果表明：肾茶对土壤的适应性强，但其中以垃圾土最优．     

郁金香叶片直接诱导试管人工种球的快速繁殖的研究

对郁金香的叶片直接诱导试管人工种球及发育成大球的快速繁殖途径进行了研究，结果表明：叶段在ＭＳ＋ＢＡ２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ＋ＮＡＡ２．０￣５．０ｍｇ／Ｌ中不经愈伤组织直接分化多个小鳞茎，Φ（Φ：鳞茎的直径）２ｍｍ的小鳞茎在ＭＳ＋ＧＡ１．０￣２．０ｍｇ／Ｌ中发育成带１￣２片叶的Φ５￣１０ｍｍ的大鳞茎，大鳞茎的移栽成活率为９８％￣１００％。从而建立了郁金香试管人工种球快速繁殖的新途径。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-