政产学研协同创新的演化博弈分析

从博弈双方有限理性的假设前提出发,在研究纯市场行为产学研协同创新的基础上,引入政府行为,构建政产学研协同创新的演化博弈模型,通过数值模拟描述了具体的演化路径及影响因素.政产学研协同创新的初始状态影响系统演化的方向及速度,系统演化具有明显的“路径依赖”特征,协同创新的投入成本、额外收益、政策支持力度及惩罚机制等对演化路径产生重大影响.政产学研协同创新的演化动力来自系统内部的竞争与合作关系.竞争使系统不断趋于非平衡,是系统演化的首要条件;合作关系则使政产学研协同创新的某些趋势联合起来并加以放大,支配着政产学研协同创新系统的整体演化.建议政府从建立合理的创新利益分配机制,完善创新风险分摊机制,优化职能等方面促进政产学研协同创新的有效实施.     

农户环保合作的演化博弈分析

通过演化博弈理论分析农户环保博弈系统的演化过程与均衡状态, 首先建立复制者动态方程, 分析系统的演化稳定性; 然后讨论影响系统的随机因素, 在此基础上建立随机演化博弈模型, 分析系统的随机演化动态和随机稳定性。结果表明, 环保合作能否成为系统演化的结果, 取决于两方面: 1) 农户在考虑环保行为的成本、收益以及农户认为环保行为的正外部性给自身造成的损失后, 所得到的净收益; 2) 博弈过程的惯例。因此要促进制度向农户环保合作制度演进, 可以采取选择性激励措施, 增加采取环保行为农户的收益, 选择性激励措施的供给者承担制度变迁的主要成本; 同时建立行为重复机制, 使有记忆的博弈中环保合作成为唯一惯例, 行为重复机制的提供者承担制度变迁的主要成本。     

研发竞争条件下产学研合作行为的演化博弈仿真分析

引入研发竞争因素,构建了产学研合作演化博弈模型,分析了企业方和学研方的决策交互行为、系统均衡状态和演化路径,进而通过模型分析和数值仿真探究了不同影响因素的变化对产学研合作均衡状态的影响.实验结果表明:合理公平的成本分担和收益分配机制都有利于系统向双方都合作的方向演化;外部研发竞争因素对产学研合作的均衡结果和合作的可能性都会产生重要影响.最后,根据实验结果提出促进产学研合作的政策建议.     

生产商与销售商知识创新合作行为的演化博弈

研究供应链成员之间知识创新合作行为的演化趋势及其影响因素.在分析生产商和销售商策略选择收益的基础上,运用演化博弈理论,构建了知识创新合作行为的演化博弈模型,分析了系统的行为演化路径和演化稳定策略以及其影响因素的作用机理.结果表明:生产商与销售商的知识创新合作行为主要受到收益和成本等因素的影响,且当知识创新合作时所获得的净收益大于采取不合作策略时的净收益,生产商与销售商最终会趋于知识创新合作.     

有限理性下民航安保参与方策略演化博弈分析

文章基于演化博弈理论分析框架,在有限理性前提下构建民航公安、风险旅客和机场航司三方策略的演化博弈模型,基于系统动力学模拟仿真民航公安、风险旅客和机场航司3个主体决策过程的演化策略路径选择以及影响动态博弈系统稳定状态的重要因素,研究得出三方博弈主体的初始策略概率对动态系统稳定的影响、公安机关强打击成本对动态系统稳定的影响和风险旅客不守法的额外收益对动态系统稳定的影响。结果表明,政府与企业的协同合作十分重要,政府对于选择强打击策略的公安机关需要给予更多的政策支持,并且要采取打击措施降低风险旅客不守法所获得收益,同时机场航司需要更加配合公安机关的行动。     

基于票价策略的民航和高铁演化博弈分析

从出行时间和费用角度,利用Logit模型刻画民航与高铁的客流分担率以及它们的收益和损失,据此建立基于票价策略的民航和高铁动态竞争和合作演化博弈模型,根据双方特征,求解双方4种博弈策略的5个均衡点,并进行了稳定性分析。最后,以京哈通路为例,探讨不同博弈选择策略初始概率的动态演化结果差异。研究表明：当民航和高铁的双方收益没有达到期望时,它们初始合作概率的增加越快,则其最终策略演化为合作的速度越快;民航和高铁双方改变策略的关键因素在于超额收益,当它们的收益及分配比例增加促使双方选择合作策略时,其保持长期稳定合作有助于客运市场的发展平衡。     

园区循环经济推动过程中企业合作的演化博弈

针对园区生产经营过程中涉及的企业众多,权责关系错综复杂,企业间的能源、资源投入和利用收益冲突问题,运用演化博弈论的方法,建立园区内部企业间合作关系的演化博弈模型,对推动循环经济的过程中各利益企业的动态演变过程进行分析,讨论了依靠园区企业合作发展循环经济中,企业合作产生的超额经济效益、能源及资源循环服务能力、合作所需初始成本、企业贴现因子等影响系统演化行为的参数变动和控制方法,并依据模型分析提出建议.     

旅游供应链企业间合作策略的演化博弈分析

在旅游供应链中构建了服务提供商和旅行社的演化博弈模型,分析了影响演化路径及演化结果的因素、契约约束应满足的条件.结果表明:合作策略带来的超额收益可以增大双方合作的概率;机会主义行为带来的额外收益越小,整个系统演化到合作策略的概率越大;机会主义行为带给忠诚方的成本损失越小,系统演化到合作策略的可能性越大;双方制定的契约必须满足一定的条件,才能保证契约是有效的,避免整个系统陷入不合作策略的"囚徒困境".     

生产商、批发商和销售商信息合作行为的演化博弈

针对低碳农产品供应链信息共享机制不完全与合作商之间存在博弈的现象,提出生产商、批发商和销售商信息合作演化路径,为了探究供应商信息合作的因素和利益关系,构建 3 种信息合作演化博弈模 型;首先,求解出生产商与批发商合作模型和批发商与销售商合作模型以及 3 方信息合作模型下的演化博弈 均衡解,通过对模型稳定性的分析,得到在供应链成员行为决策和期望利润驱使下系统整体随时间变化的动 态趋势;然后,将不同信息合作下的决策行为进行仿真分析,并对比3种模型,探索得出均衡策略和影响因素 的作用原理;最后研究结论表明:选择合作收益大于非合作情况下的收益,并且演化博弈系统最终趋向于合 作博弈策略,使总体和个体达到收益最大化。     

论积极完善和发展房屋租赁市场

房屋租赁市场是房地产市场的重要组成部分，无论是在拉动投资，还是在激活房地产消费、实现社会稳定等方面都发挥着日益重要的作用。虽然处于起步阶段的房屋租赁市场还存在着租赁税率过高、税收大量流失、租赁管理体制不完善、房屋供给结构不合理、租赁市场的运作不规范等诸多问题。但通过降低租赁税率，建立条块结合的租赁管理体制，充分利用物业管理、地产中介等社会资源提高房屋租赁管理效能，完善房屋供给结构，鼓励房地产开发商实施“开发 收租 投资”的三线发展战略以平抑房屋价格等对策，可使房屋租赁市场步入正轨。在我国日益城市化这一时代背景下，完善和发展房屋租赁市场不仅十分必要而且大有可为。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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