微波加热过程中含煤铬铁矿粉温度分布的分析

引用实验和数值的方法对柱状坩埚内含煤铬铁矿粉在微波加热场中的温度分布作了分析。对于柱状物料,不同时间内的温度的高温区域的分布是不同的,物料中水份的含量对于温度分布有着很大的影响。利用模型计算所得的温度值与实验值有很好的吻合。     

瓶装物料冷冻干燥的模拟与实验

通过实验值与模型的模拟值比较发现，模型对升华干燥阶段模拟较好。通过模型分析，研究了物料内部的温度分布、升华界面与时间的关系、侧面输入热量对过程的影响、物料厚度与瓶径之比对干燥速率的影响     

单喷嘴喷雾冷却旋转圆筒的换热特性实验研究

采用单喷嘴喷雾冷却的换热方式来研究旋转圆筒的换热特性。通过设置不同的参数,观察圆筒外壁的温度分布及变化规律,并计算物料的热流密度。实验结果表明,物料到筒外壁之间的热阻会对换热过程产生严重的制约;未喷雾时,外壁面温度达到物料的30%,而喷雾时,达到11%。随着物料温度的升高,外壁平均温度会显著升高,物料的热流密度增长幅度也会逐渐的增大;并且温度越高,喷雾冷却的优势越明显。圆筒转速对温度的分布会产生一定的影响,转速越高,温度分布越均匀,热流密度也会有所提升;当提升1 r/min时,热流密度提高不到1%;喷雾流量对换热效果的影响较大,热流密度随流量的增大而增大,但增长速率会逐渐减缓。     

径向非均布压力分布对湿式摩擦副热-机耦合影响

采用有限元模拟和实验的方法，对比分析了5种不同的径向非均布压力分布方式对湿式摩擦副工作过程中热机耦合的作用.结果表明:在加载同种径向压力作用下，对偶钢片的温度场、应力场和应变场三者之间存在较强的耦合关系；在工作终态时，温度、应力和应变场环带的径向位置和各物理量的最值较原加载压力峰值位置向盘面中心方向移动，环带径向位置变化率为盘面宽度的10%~40%；径向压力分布方式对于摩擦副的温度，应力和应变的最值有直接关系，压力沿内外半径波峰式分布时温度、应变最值最大，压力由内径至外径线性减小时应力最值最大，压力沿内径向外径波谷式时变化则是温度、应力和应变最值最小.      

常压吸附流化冷冻干燥影响因素的实验研究

建立了一套常压吸附流化冷冻干燥装置，选用粒状马铃薯等作为冻干物料，硅胶为吸附剂，对物料的冻干规律进行了实验研究，考察了流化床温度、物料尺寸、吸附剂粒径、风速、物料种类及形状和吸附剂加入方式等不同因素对干燥过程的影响。通过适当提高床温、减小物料尺寸和采用粒径较小的吸附剂等，均可以提高干燥速率。在床温略高于物料共晶点温度时，常压冷冻干燥过程仍可以进行．     

苹果冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确定

对苹果进行了冷冻干燥实验,确定了苹果片冻干工艺条件,计算了冻结时间,建立了苹果片冻干的传热传质模型,由模型计算出不同厚度物料的理论干燥时间,并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、物料温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对冷冻干燥过程及制品质量的影响．苹果冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结温度-35℃,冻结时间1h,升华干燥时干燥仓压强70-90Pa,解吸干燥时干燥仓压强20-30Pa,解吸干燥时物料温度50-60℃．     

胡萝卜冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确立

对胡萝卜进行了冷冻干燥实验，确定了胡萝卜条冻干工艺条件，计算了冻结终点温度、冻结时间、物料厚度，建立了胡萝卜爷冻干的传热传质模型，由模型计算出理论干燥时间，并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、升华温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对干燥时间的影响．胡萝卜条冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结时间1h，物料厚度15mm，干燥室真空度60Pa，捕水器压强45Pa，温度-50～-40℃，总干燥时间5h．     

地板辐射供暖室内热舒适性研究与分析

采用试验和数值仿真方法分析研究了地板辐射供暖室内舒适性。研究结果表明:随着进水温度不断提高,室内温度呈现上升趋势,在竖直方向温度出现分层现象,且室内温度分布的实验值略低于模拟值;针对进水为45℃、50℃、55℃3种不同工况,结合室内温度分布、PMV-PPD指标以及室内速度分布状况分析可知,进水为50℃时室内具有最佳的温度与热舒适度;对于3种工况下的室内空气流动状况,均在人体可接受范围以内,对室内热舒适性影响较小。     

地板辐射供暖室内热舒适性分析

采用试验和数值仿真方法分析研究了地板辐射供暖室内舒适性。研究结果表明:随着进水温度不断提高,室内温度呈现上升趋势,在竖直方向温度出现分层现象,且室内温度分布的实验值略低于模拟值;针对进水为45℃、50℃、55℃3种不同工况,结合室内温度分布、PMV-PPD指标以及室内速度分布状况分析可知,进水为50℃时室内具有最佳的温度与热舒适度;对于3种工况下的室内空气流动状况,均在人体可接受范围以内,对室内热舒适性影响较小。     

紊动浮射流中的普朗特数取值研究

采用k-ε双方程模型研究存在浮力的传热流动问题时，数学模型中的参数-紊动普朗特数的取值大小对模拟计算的流速和温度分布存在不同程度的影响．本文在已有实验推荐的取值范围的基础上，采用圆柱轴对称坐标系下的k-ε模型，研究了不同紊动普朗特数取值对数值模拟结果逼近真实值的影响程度．研究得到紊动普朗特数取值的变化对轴线流速的大小和分布影响很小，即数值模拟得到的轴线上的流速仍能很好的预报出实验或真实流速值；但对温度分布影响较大，且紊动普朗特数的取值越小，数值模拟出来的轴线上的温度值与真实值相比偏小．得出了紊动普朗特数在大小不同雷诺数下的合理取值变化范围，其结论对采用数学模型研究各种复杂流动具有指导意义．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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