常压吸附流化冷冻干燥过程的理论分析

为探索节能型的冷冻干燥方式,进行了在常压下利用流化床中吸附剂吸附水分同时放出热量实现冷冻干燥的研究。以粒状物料为例,建立了球坐标下常压冷冻干燥的传热过程理论模型,计算了物料干燥过程中的温度和升华界面的移动距离,并对床温、物料尺寸和吸附剂粒径等影响因素进行了理论分析。实验测量了物料内的温度分布变化,验证了数学模型的可靠性。结果表明,通过适当提高床温、采用小尺寸物料和吸附剂,可以提高干燥速率。     

常压吸附流化冷冻干燥过程的理论分析

为探索节能型的冷冻干燥方式,进行了在常压下利用流化床中吸附剂吸附水分同时放出热量实现冷冻干燥的研究.以粒状物料为例,建立了球坐标下常压冷冻干燥的传热过程理论模型,计算了物料干燥过程中的温度和升华界面的移动距离,并对床温、物料尺寸和吸附剂粒径等影响因素进行了理论分析.实验测量了物料内的温度分布变化,验证了数学模型的可靠性.结果表明,通过适当提高床温、采用小尺寸物料和吸附剂,可以提高干燥速率.     

非挥发性组分对真空冷冻干燥过程的影响

对纯水和ＮａＣｌ溶液在砂床中冷冻干燥的特性进行了实验研究,分析了冻干过程中砂床温度的分布特性,研究了在不同颗粒尺寸砂床中,溶液浓度对干燥时间的影响和干燥后非挥发性质砂床中的分布。     

苹果冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确定

对苹果进行了冷冻干燥实验，确定了苹果片冻干工艺条件，计算了冻结时间，建立了苹果片冻干的传热传质模型，由模型计算出不同厚度物料的理论干燥时间，并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、物料温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对冷冻干燥过程及制品质量的影响．苹果冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结温度-35℃，冻结时间1h，升华干燥时干燥仓压强70-90Pa，解吸干燥时干燥仓压强20-30Pa，解吸干燥时物料温度50-60℃．     

胡萝卜冷冻干燥过程的优化及最佳工艺条件的确立

对胡萝卜进行了冷冻干燥实验，确定了胡萝卜条冻干工艺条件，计算了冻结终点温度、冻结时间、物料厚度，建立了胡萝卜爷冻干的传热传质模型，由模型计算出理论干燥时间，并与实验值进行了比较．探讨了冻结速率、升华温度、干燥室及捕水器温度、压强对干燥时间的影响．胡萝卜条冷冻干燥的适宜工艺参数为冻结时间1h，物料厚度15mm，干燥室真空度60Pa，捕水器压强45Pa，温度-50～-40℃，总干燥时间5h．     

柠檬片真空冷冻干燥工艺优化研究

以柠檬为原料,研究柠檬片真空冷冻干燥工艺技术,确定最佳工艺参数和加工工艺,为柠檬加工生产实践提供参考依据。通过单因素实验和正交实验设计,以冻干速率作为考察指标,研究了加热温度、物料厚度、压力(真空度)对真空冷冻干燥速率的影响。实验表明,对冻干柠檬干燥速率的影响主次顺序为加热温度、压力(真空度)、物料厚度,最佳工艺条件分别为:加热温度50℃、压力(真空度)60Pa、物料厚度5mm,在此干燥工艺条件下,产品在色泽等方面保持较好。     

蜂王浆微波冷冻干燥特性的实验研究

对蜂王浆进行了微波冷冻干燥的实验研究,获得蜂王浆冻干过程中温度的变化规律和相应的干燥特性曲线;研究了样品厚度、电场强度和真空度对干燥过程的影响．实验结果表明,微波冷冻干燥具有干燥时间短,干燥质量高的优点,可在干燥行业中推广使用．     

真空冷冻干燥蕨菜工艺的研究

以新鲜山野菜蕨菜为代表原料，采用真空冷冻干燥工艺对其进行保鲜．采用对比实验和正交试验的方法确定了在冻干蕨菜的护色工艺参数、冻干物料的厚度、预冻结温度等主要参数，并对比了恒压法和循环压力法冻干蕨菜的工艺路线，通过冻干曲线扣相关数据分析确定最佳的冻干工艺路线，保证了冻干产品的质量，提高冻干设备的利用率，降低了山野菜的冻干成本．     

香菇冻干工艺参数的优化

以新鲜香菇为实验材料,测定其共晶点和共熔点。以JDG-0．2新型冻干机为基础,对香菇真空冷冻干燥工艺进行研究。通过理论分析与试验研究确定物料厚度、预冻速率、干燥仓压力和加热板温度为影响香菇真空冷冻干燥试验的主要因素。通过单因素实验以及4因素5水平的二次回归正交试验确定各因素的取值范围,分析了各因素对干燥时间的影响大小为：预冻速度〉干燥仓压力〉物料厚度〉加热板温度。最后对工艺参数优化处理,得到了最佳工艺条件：干燥仓压力61．8Pa,加热板温度61．7℃,预冻速度2．58℃／min,物料厚度6．78mm。冻干时间7．27h。     

初始非饱和多孔物料对冷冻干燥影响理论分析

为提高过程的经济性,提出了液体物料初始非饱和冷冻干燥的技术思想.推导了冷冻干燥质、热耦合传递模型,模型采用了新的吸附-解吸平衡关系,并考虑了吸湿效应.控制方程用有限容积法进行数值求解.待干水溶液中的溶质选用典型的药物赋形剂———甘露醇.结果表明,初始非饱和多孔物料能够显著减少干燥时间,达到强化冷冻干燥的目的.随初始孔隙率ε0(1-S0)的不断增大,干燥时间逐渐缩短;在物料初始饱和度S0为0.30~0.35时,干燥时间达到最短.依据干燥过程中饱和度和温度的分布,分析了物料内部质、热传递机理和干燥速率控制因素.对有效质量扩散系数KS和有效导热系数λ+KTΔH的分析显示,随着冷冻干燥的进行,物料瞬时孔隙率ε0(1-S)不断增大,过程将由传质控制逐渐变为传热控制.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.