壳聚糖的溶菌酶降解

用粘度法和还原糖法研究了溶菌酶降解壳聚糖过程中温度、pH值、时间、酶浓度、底物浓度以及金属离子对降解速度的影响.比较合适的降解条件是:温度45℃,pH值5.0,适当增大酶浓度和底物浓度能够加速壳聚糖的降解,在一定的底物浓度下溶菌酶降解壳聚糖的反应不遵循简单的一级反应动力学.一定浓度的Cu2+、Zn2+、Ba2+、Cr3+能够促进壳聚糖在溶菌酶作用下的降解,而K+、Ca2+和高浓度的Zn2+会抑制酶活力的发挥.     

胃蛋白酶催化壳聚糖降解的特性研究

采用粘度测定法和还原糖测定法,研究了温度、ＰＨ值、反应时间、底物浓度、金属离子及壳聚及壳聚糖的脱乙酰化度对胃蛋白酶降解活性的影响,确定了以壳 底物的猪胃酶的一些催化特性：最适温度为７０℃,最适ＰＨ值为５．０,米氏常数Ｋｍ为８．９４＊１０＾－３ｇ．ｍＬ＾－１,一定浓度的Ｃａ＾２＋,Ｃｕ＾２＋,Ｂａ＾２＋,Ｍｎ＾２＋抑制该酶的活性。结果表明,随着壳聚糖脱乙酰化度的提高,胃蛋白酶活性降低。     

木瓜蛋白酶对壳聚糖的降解特性

研究木瓜蛋白酶催化壳聚糖降解过程中，温度、pH值、酶量、底物质量浓度以及脱乙酰度等条件对降解速率的影响，并通过计算机随机模拟试验，求出壳聚糖的脱乙酰度与GlcNAc-G1cN糖苷键相对含量的关系．结果表明，木瓜蛋白酶只选择性地降解GlcNAc-G1cN糖苷键，反应最适pH值和温度分别为4．5和45℃．     

天然高分子材料壳聚糖固定化纤维素酶的研究

使用双功能试剂戊二醛作交联剂,将纤维素酶固定于脱酰度93.66%的壳聚糖上,探讨了交联剂的浓度、给酶量等固定化条件,研究了固定化酶的热稳定性、米氏常数、最适温度及最适pH值等理化性质.实验发现:脱乙酰度高的壳聚糖所用戊二醛的质量浓度较高,且固定化酶量较高;固定化酶的热稳定性比原酶高,与底物亲和力增加;最适pH值向酸性方向移动.     

壳聚糖微球树脂的制备及应用

以甲壳素为原料 ,采用正交试验法确定制备高脱乙酰度和高交联度的壳聚糖树脂的工艺条件 .当温度、碱浓度和反应时间分别为 70℃ ,12 .5 0 mol· L-1和 4 h时 ,可得脱乙酰度 94 %、粘度80 0 m Pa· s的壳聚糖 .在交联剂浓度为 1.0 mol· L-1、壳聚糖用量为 2 g和交联时间为 2 h的条件下 ,可获交联度为 93%的微球树脂 .研究壳聚糖树脂对染料废水及印染废水的吸附脱色条件 ,其对单一染料废水的吸附率可达 85 %以上 .高交联度树脂的吸附率优于低交联度树脂的吸附率 ,交联后的壳聚糖微球树脂 ,具有适用于较广 p H范围的优点     

一点法分析壳聚糖特性粘度偏差值的研究

在25℃、0.1 mol/LCH3COONa-0.2 mol/LCH3 COOH溶液作为溶剂的条件下,通过常规外推法测定脱乙酰度为98%的壳聚糖枯度值,并采用三种不同的一点法经验公式分析壳聚糖特性枯度值的偏差,同时进行了比较分析.实验结果表明:采用一点法公式[η]=ηsp+31nηr)/4C计算所得的脱乙酰度为98%的壳聚糖特性粘度值的偏差值最小,从而得出一点法[η]=(ηsp+31nηr)/4C公式应用在常规外推法中更能准确的测定脱乙酰度为98%的壳聚糖的特性粘度值.     

不同脱乙酰度壳聚糖对活性FM黑的吸附性能研究

以壳聚糖为吸附剂,研究了其对活性FM黑染料的吸附性能.探讨了温度、时间、介质pH值、壳聚糖脱乙酰度以及用量对壳聚糖吸附活性FM黑的影响.结果表明,随着壳聚糖脱乙酰度的增大,壳聚糖的吸附能力随之增强;壳聚糖用量增加,吸附能力先增强后减弱;介质的pH在4～7范围内,对活性FM黑染料废水的吸附性能较好,在中性条件下达到最强;温度对吸附性能的影响较小.由此得出在壳聚糖脱乙酰度为97%、用量为0.006 0g、温度为25℃、反应时间为50min、活性FM黑质量浓度为30mg/L、体积为100mL、介质的pH为7的条件下,吸附量达到273.23mg/g.且其吸附行为满足Langmuir等温式.     

膨润土负载壳聚糖处理含镉废水的实验研究

以脱乙酰度为90%壳聚糖为原料,制备膨润土负载壳聚糖复合吸附剂,用于吸附含镉废水溶液中的Cd2+.探讨壳聚糖负载量、pH值、吸附时间、吸附剂加入量、Cd2+初始质量浓度对去除率的影响.结果表明,对于初始质量浓度为10mg/L的含镉模拟废水溶液,在膨润土与壳聚糖质量比为1∶0.03,加入量为8g/L,pH=6,吸附时间为50min的条件下,Cd2+的去除率在94%以上.该吸附剂经再生处理后可循环使用4次.     

胶体滴定法测定壳聚糖脱乙酰度

采用胶体滴定法测定壳聚糖的脱乙酰度,考察了壳聚糖溶液pH值、溶液浓度、指示剂用量、不同溶剂和离子强度等因素对胶体滴定的影响,并与电位滴定和1H NMR法相比较,希望寻找一种简便、快速和准确测定壳聚糖脱乙酰度的方法.结果表明:胶体滴定法可作为测定壳聚糖脱乙酰度的优选方法.     

甲壳素的脱乙酰化反应

研究了甲壳素的脱乙酰化反应时,碱溶液浓度、反应时间和反应温度等各种因素对反应产物的脱乙酰度、粘度和红外吸收光谱的影响。结果表明,随溶液中氢氧化钠浓度、反应温度和反应时间增加,甲壳素的脱乙酰化作用增加。甲壳素经一次反应的脱乙酰化度不超过90％。在较低温度和较短时间得到的壳聚糖在稀酸溶液中的粘度较高。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to