残余奥氏体的耐磨性

采用18Cr2Ni4WA钢，在气体渗碳炉中，碳势为1．0％，920℃的条件下进行5h渗碳，对试样重新加热淬火，并通过回火、冷处理等方法改变渗层中的奥氏体量。研究了渗碳层中奥氏体在边界润滑条件下的耐磨特性。     

三种渗碳结构钢经不同化学热处理后耐磨性的研究

研究了经渗碳、碳氮共渗、氮化处理后18Cr2Ni4WA、27SiMnMoV和25SiCrMoV钢的耐磨性.结果表明,经三种不同化学热处理后,25SiCrMoV钢的耐磨性最好,18Cr2Ni4WA钢的耐磨性最差.     

碳氮共渗、真空渗碳和气体渗碳对18Cr2Ni4WA钢接触疲劳强度影响的研究

本文以试验研究为主,金相分析为辅,探讨了不同热处理的三种渗层对接触疲劳强度的影响。研究结果表明:18Cr2Ni4WA钢渗层中大量残余奥氏体的存在,对接触疲劳寿命的增长是极有利的,并初步分析了渗层中残余奥氏体的相变。 试验结果还表明;表面硬度过高的零件(HV=350～750),其硬度与接触应力循环次数呈反比例的关系。     

热处理对Cr17Ni2钢冲击韧性影响的研究

本文研究了不同热处理条件下Cr17Ni2钢的组织和冲击韧性、结果表明Cr17Ni2钢1050～1150℃淬火,300～450℃回火,可获得高的冲击韧性。经临界区淬火,并在500℃以上高温回火,可获得很好的韧性,完全抑制了第二类回火脆,适用于高温回大后经受慢冷过程的零件。     

合金钢的退火不软化行为

某些合金经热处理后产生退火不软化问题．作者对W18Cr4V和18Cr2Ni4WA2种合金钢进行了锻后软化退火试验,对退火组织进行了SEM分析,对合金钢的退火不软化原因进行了探讨,提出钢的退火必须根据等温转变C曲线（即TTT图）,以确定其方法与工艺,从而获得最佳的切削加工性能．实验结果表明W18Cr4V钢经普通退火处理,硬度偏高（269～286HBS）;采用等温退火方法,软化效果好,满足了切削加工对硬度的一般要求（＜255HBS）;无论采用何种退火方法,18Cr2Ni4WA合金钢的硬度均不能满足要求,只有采用高温回火的办法,方可使其软化．     

喷油嘴针阀体用钢20CrMoS性能的研究

本文对发动机喷油嘴针阀体用钢20CrMoS的切削加工性、热处理工艺性、回火稳定性及耐久性进行了试验研究.结果表明,20CrMoS钢不仅价格低,而且切削性、热处理工艺性及耐久性能良好,在280℃以下回火时亦具有良好的回火稳定性,是一种有推广价值的替代18Cr2Ni4WA的喷油嘴针阀体的材料.     

18Cr2Ni4WA钢热处理工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响

主要研究了18Cr2Ni4WA钢热处理工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响.通过提高热处理中的冷却速度参数,可有效地控制粒状组织(Gs)的出现,同时采用复合热处理工艺,有效地改善18Cr2Ni4WA钢的金相显微组织,提高钢的综合力学性能.     

12Cr2Ni4A钢高温真空低压脉冲渗碳工艺

与传统气氛渗碳相比，高温真空渗碳在提高渗碳效率、产品质量和节约能源方面均表现出明显优势.本文分析了12Cr2Ni4A钢的奥氏体晶粒长大行为、扩散系数及奥氏体饱和碳质量分数等关键参数的影响，结合真空低压脉冲渗碳工艺原理，对高温真空低压脉冲渗碳工艺进行实验验证.结果表明:实验钢在930，950，980℃渗碳温度下，渗碳层的硬度梯度曲线和碳质量分数梯度曲线的实测值与预期值吻合较好.此外，随着渗碳温度的升高，碳的扩散系数和奥氏体饱和碳质量分数增加，高温真空渗碳可显著提高渗碳速率，温度每提高10℃约使渗碳效率提高14%~17%.     

GDL-1型贝氏体钢的断裂韧性

对一种新型高强韧微变形钢(GDL-1)的断裂韧性进行了研究,分析了七种不同热处理状态的JR阻力曲线。结果表明,试验钢在经空冷250℃-300℃回火后的裂纹扩展阻力较大,J1C=0.1415-0.1513(MPa.m)、AK=97-120.5(J),其断裂韧性和冲击韧性优于其它状态。扫描电镜和透射电镜分析表明,空冷后新型高强韧GDL-1钢的显微组织为窄束状贝氏体 马氏体和部分残余奥氏体复合组织,残余奥氏体以薄膜形态分割贝氏体板条而形成超细化亚单元,增加了材料的微观塑性。此外,低温回火改善钢的韧性,并使残余奥氏体的稳定性提高,从而使该钢在空冷250℃-300℃回火后具有良好的冲击韧性和断裂韧性。     

18Cr2Ni4WA钢热处理工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响

主要研究了 18Cr2Ni4WA钢热处理工艺对显微组织和力学性能的影响。通过提高热处理中的冷却速度参数 ,可有效地控制粒状组织 (Gs)的出现 ,同时采用复合热处理工艺 ,有效地改善 18Cr2Ni4WA钢的金相显微组织 ,提高钢的综合力学性能。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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