低碳粒状贝氏体钢强韧化机理的探讨

对 1 4SiMn3Mo低碳贝氏体钢的强韧性及组织作了研究 .结果表明 :该钢连续空冷后 ,组织为粒状贝氏体 ,韧性差、屈强比低 .经 30 0℃回火可获得良好的强韧性配合 ,而经40 0 - 50 0℃回火产生回火脆性 .根据回火过程中显微组织及残余奥氏体稳定性等方面的变化 ,探讨了粒状贝氏体钢的强韧化机理及回火脆化原因     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢，分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理，并分别利用金相显微镜，扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察，测定了CCT曲线，淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织，等温淬火得到贝氏体组织，锻造空冷状态下得到的以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织，经300℃回火，无渗碳体析出。     

低碳粒状贝氏体钢强韧化机理的探讨

对１４ＳｉＭｎ３Ｍｏ低碳贝氏体钢的强韧性及组织作了研究。结果表明：该钢连续空冷后,组织为粒状贝氏体,韧性差、屈强比低。经３００℃回火可获得良好的强韧性配合,而经４００－５００℃回火产生回火脆性。根据回火过程中温微组织及残余奥氏体稳定性等方面的变化,探讨了粒状贝氏体钢的强韧化机理在火脆化原因。     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢,分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理,并分别利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察,测定了CCT曲线.淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织,等温淬火得到准贝氏体组织,锻造空冷状态下得到以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织,经300℃回火,无渗碳体析出.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

低碳Cr-Mn-Si-Mo空冷贝氏体钢力学性能的研究

以A3钢、硅铁、锰铁、铬铁及钼铁为原料,冶炼成无缺口的冲击试样.试样经过奥氏体化后空冷处理,分别测试了铸态及空冷处理后试样的洛氏硬度、冲击韧性,并在Olympus和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）下观察了其组织形态与断口.试验结果表明,试样经920℃奥氏体化后空冷得到较好的硬度与冲击韧性的匹配,硬度为HRC31.0,冲击韧性为200.775J/cm^2,金相组织以粒状贝氏体为主,含有少量的残余奥氏体.     

不同热形变参数对新型贝氏体钢组织与冲击性能的影响

对一种新型空冷贝氏体钢的热形变工艺进行了研究，分析了此钢经三种温度热形变并以不同冷速处理后的显微组织及冲击性能。结果表明，试验钢在1050—1100℃加热后缓冷到680℃进行热变形，沿原奥氏体晶界有块状铁素体析出，组织较为粗大，将获得低的冲击韧性。而经880℃热形变后，不存在铁素体块，贝氏体组织也较为细小，可获得较高的冲击韧性。880℃形变后等温1min空冷，得到的贝氏体束短小、交叉分割且均匀，这种组织使试验钢具有优良的性能指标。     

GDL-1型高强韧贝氏体钢的不可逆回火脆性

本文研究了GDL-1型高强韧性贝氏体钢,在空冷状态下的回火冲击性能变化以及对应的显微组织和断口金相特征.结果表明,该钢经920 ℃加热空冷后获得条束状过渡形态的贝氏体加少量岛状贝氏体组织.在400 ℃～600 ℃的温度回火,分布于BF条束间的亚稳态残留奥氏体开始大量分解形成沿条束界连续分布的碳化物,在BF条内的高密度位错区也诱导析出碳化物,导致在条束界产生高应力集中而引发准解理和解理开裂,出现不可逆回火脆性,冲击能量显著降低.由于钢中的Si和Mn在原奥氏体晶界偏聚,抑制碳化物析出.在原奥氏体晶界未能沉淀出连续分布的碳化物,因此未见沿晶解理开裂特征,对应的断口金相呈条形准解理和解理的特征,其尺寸分别与BF条和束尺寸相吻合.该材料的不可逆回火脆性出现的温度范围与大多数合金结构钢相比提高约200 ℃.     

高温淬火和回火对30CrMnSiA钢组织和性能的影响

本文研究了30CrMnSiA 钢经不同温度油淬,不同温度回火对组织和性能的影响。经光镜,电镜研究了不同热处理状态的组织,用 X-射线衍射仪测定了残留奥氏体的体积分数。测定了常规机械性能和断裂韧性。研究表明,经不断提高淬火温度发现断裂韧性韧值并非一直上升,而呈现“(?)”型变化。在300℃～400℃回火2小时出现回火脆性。经920℃淬火,250℃回火2小时具有最佳强韧化效果。     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.