55 SiMnMo钢的上贝氏体形态及其机械性能

本文初步讨论的问题:通过光学显微镜、X 射线衍射、电子显微镜(透射和扫描电镜)、紧凑拉伸等试验方法研究了55 SiMnMo 钢在正火状态下的上贝氏体形态,以及回火转变对其机械性能的影响。根据试验,在中碳合金钢中经900℃0.5小时奥氏体化后空冷所出现的上贝氏体由铁素体和30～35%富碳奥氏体片层相间组成。经简易膨胀仪测定,析出碳化物的回火转变温度约为400℃,此时金相组织变为由铁素体、碳化物和5%奥氏体组成,作者称这种形态为回火贝氏体。在发生回火转变时,裂纹扩展速率(da/dN)随回火温度增加而增加,在400℃时达最大值;断口的扫描电子金相从准解理型过渡到解理型。     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

回火对Q460E低合金结构钢组织与性能的影响

研究了回火温度对正火Q460E低合金结构钢的力学性能与组织影响.结果表明,在200℃到500℃范围内回火,力学性能相对较为稳定且具有较高的强韧性,而且屈强比也比较低,回火温度升高到600℃,力学性能虽相对较低,但钢的强韧性要比GB/T1591-1994(国标)规定的要高.分析认为:600℃回火强韧性降低幅度相对大的原因主要是粒状贝氏体的分解,碳化物的析出长大球化且分布在条状铁素体边沿,犹如上贝氏体,以及碳化物在原奥氏体晶界分布.200℃回火能够获得较高的强度和突出的韧性.回火过程就是粒状贝氏体分解变化,碳化物析出长大球化过程.     

QT工艺对一种B-Nb低碳贝氏体钢 组织及强韧性的影响

通过室温拉伸、摆锤冲击、光学及扫描电镜研究了QT(淬火+回火)工艺对实验钢晶界比例、晶粒尺寸、碳化物析出情况及强韧性的影响，并对其变体的分布及组合方式进行了分析.结果表明:随着回火温度的升高，实验钢强度逐渐降低，塑性逐渐提高;450T和500T钢断口为准解理型断裂，贝氏体板条间析出的碳化物及较低比例的大角度晶界使得冲击韧性较差;而600T和650T钢断口为韧窝断裂，组织中大角度晶界的比例增加，有效地阻碍了裂纹的扩展.变体分析表明，450T钢变体组合方式介于Bain group和CP(close packed)group之间，而600T钢变体之间呈现较明显的CP组合方式，同一CP group内的变体取向差较大，偏折了裂纹传播路径，提高了低温韧性.     

SiMnCr系高强度钢组织转变研究

对SiMnCr试验用钢,分别进行了淬火、等温淬火和空冷处理,并分别利用金相显微镜、扫描电子显微镜和透射电子显微镜进行了显微组织观察,测定了CCT曲线.淬火态下获得板条马氏体和其间的残余奥氏体薄膜组织,等温淬火得到准贝氏体组织,锻造空冷状态下得到以板条马氏体为主含贝氏体和少量位于板条间界的残余奥氏体薄膜复合组织,经300℃回火,无渗碳体析出.     

调质低碳贝氏体钢的组织和性能

研究了C--Mn--Mo--Cu--Nb--Ti--B系低碳微合金钢915℃淬火和490～640℃回火的调质工艺对钢的组织及力学性能的影响.用扫描电镜和透射电镜对实验钢的组织、析出物形态和分布以及断口形貌进行观察,采用X射线衍射仪分析钢中残余奥氏体的体积分数.结果表明:调质后,实验钢获得贝氏体、少量马氏体及残余奥氏体复相组织,贝氏体板条宽度只有250 nm,残余奥氏体的体积分数随着回火温度的升高而降低,经淬火与520℃回火后残余奥氏体的体积分数为2.1%.调质后析出物的数量激增,6～15 nm的析出物占70%以上.实验钢经过915℃淬火与520℃回火后,其屈服强度达到915 MPa,抗拉强度990 MPa,-40℃冲击功为95 J.细小的析出物及窄的板条提高了钢的强度.板条间有残余奥氏体存在,改善了实验钢的韧性.     

第三代汽车钢的热塑性及断裂机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对第三代汽车钢(TG钢)在不同的变形温度下进行了热拉伸试验,研究其热塑性的变化.运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了实验钢热变形的断口形貌及断裂机理.发现实验钢的强度随温度的升高而降低,热塑性曲线分为第Ⅰ脆性区、高温塑性区和第Ⅲ脆性区三个区域,其中第Ⅲ脆性区存在两个塑性极小值.在1300～800℃时实验钢的组织为奥氏体,断裂方式为连孔延性断裂,动态再结晶使韧窝分离前发生了较大的塑性变形,断口为大而深的韧窝;750℃时实验钢沿奥氏体晶界析出铁素体,断裂方式为界面断裂,断口既存在着铁素体内聚失效形成的小的孔洞,也存在由于裂纹沿奥氏体晶界扩展形成的石块状形貌;650℃由于出现了铁素体的准解理,实验钢的塑性下降,热塑性曲线再次出现极小值.     

第三代汽车钢的热塑性及断裂机理

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机,对第三代汽车钢(TG钢)在不同的变形温度下进行了热拉伸试验,研究其热塑性的变化运用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了实验钢热变形的断口形貌及断裂机理.发现实验钢的强度随温度的升高而降低,热塑性曲线分为第Ⅰ脆性区、高温塑性区和第Ⅲ脆性区三个区域,其中第Ⅲ脆性区存在两个塑性极小值.在1300～800℃时实验钢的组织为奥氏体,断裂方式为连孔延性断裂,动态再结晶使韧窝分离前发生了较大的塑性变形,断口为大而深的韧窝;750℃时实验钢沿奥氏体晶界析出铁素体,断裂方式为界面断裂,断口既存在着铁素体内聚失效形成的小的孔洞,也存在由于裂纹沿奥氏体晶界扩展形成的石块状形貌;650℃由于出现了铁素体的准解理,实验钢的塑性下降,热塑性曲线再次出现极小值.     

低合金等温淬火复相钢的组织与性能

对Fe-0.4%C-1.20%Si-1.46Mn-1.14Cr实验铸钢进行等温淬火处理,分别利用Olym-pus金相电子显微镜、扫描电子显微镜组织观察分析;测试了实验钢的洛氏硬度和冲击韧性.实验结果表明,所设计的实验铸钢经适当的等温淬火处理后,可获得无碳化物析出的奥氏体-贝氏体组织,该铸钢经200℃,4小时回火仍无碳化物析出.     

12%Cr马氏体不锈钢中温转变产物的组织与性能的研究

本文用金相硬度法测定了2Cr13钢中温转变动力学曲线,用金相显微镜及透射电镜观察了在不同温度回火后的 M/B 组织形态及其精细结构,并用碳化物萃取复型观察了碳化物析出与分布的特点,对等温组织与普通调质组织在硬度、强度、塑性、韧性、大气与腐蚀疲劳、腐蚀抗力、断裂韧度、疲劳门槛值与裂纹扩展速率诸方面的性能进行了对比和分析。在扫描电镜下分析了疲劳断口形貌。研究表明,等温组织(M/B)在常规力学性能方面均显著优于淬火回火组织,均匀腐蚀抗力较好,大气疲劳强度较高。但在600℃～650℃回火后与调质比较,其断裂韧性较差,腐蚀疲劳强度下降,点蚀电位较低。这与等温组织在热处理过程中沿原奥氏体晶界偏聚析出较多碳化物有关。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.