黑松丛生芽的诱导及植株再生

以黑松带子叶顶芽为外植体建立了包括丛生芽诱导、伸长和生根的植株再生体系。结果表明:培养基中激素的种类、浓度以及外植体年龄对丛生芽的诱导有较大影响。单独使用6-BA能诱导产生丛生芽,但数量少,生长慢,NAA与6-BA配合使用能取得更好的效果。在试验的所有组合中,4.0 mg/L 6-BA 0.05 mg/L NAA效果最佳。截取黑松外植体的最佳苗龄为22~28 d。已分化的丛生芽在无6-BA但附加0.1 mg/L NAA的改良GD培养基中伸长较明显,GA3不能促进黑松丛生芽的生长且有毒害作用。将伸长的丛生芽接种在附加0.2 mg/L NAA的1/2 WPM培养基上培养14 d再转移至无激素的1/2 WPM中,1个月后,生根率达23.3%。     

高盆樱桃的组培快繁研究

【目的】通过对高盆樱桃外植体灭菌方法的筛选和培养条件的优化,解决高盆樱桃在快速繁殖中存在的丛生芽诱导率低、增殖率低、生根难等问题,为建立高盆樱桃组培快繁体系奠定基础。【方法】以高盆樱桃带芽茎段为外植体,探讨了外植体的灭菌方法、基本培养基类型(MS、1/2 MS和1/4 MS)以及不同外源激素(6-BA、NAA和IBA)对丛生芽诱导、丛生芽增殖、生根等过程的影响。【结果】高盆樱桃茎段在75%乙醇灭菌20 s,0.1%升汞灭菌300 s时,污染率最低。在MS培养基中添加1.2 mg/L 6-BA和0.1 mg/L IBA时,丛生芽诱导率最高(82.22%)。在MS培养基中同时添加0.8 mg/L 6-BA、0.06 mg/L IBA、0.08 mg/L NAA时丛生芽增殖效果最好,增殖率为7.32。1/2 MS+IBA(0.5 mg/L)培养基有利于生根,生根率达92.22%。【结论】高盆樱桃带芽茎段适宜的灭菌方法为75%酒精处理20 s后,再以0.1%升汞处理300 s; 丛生芽诱导的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA(1.2 mg/L)+IBA(0.1 mg/L); 丛生芽增殖的适宜培养基为MS+6-BA(0.8 mg/L)+IBA(0.06 mg/L)+NAA(0.08 mg/L); 适宜高盆樱桃生根的培养基为1/2 MS+IBA(0.5 mg/L)。以体积比为1(河沙):1(腐殖质):2(蛭石)的混合基质为移栽基质时,试管苗移栽成活率可达72.2%。该试验结果可为高盆樱桃的规模化生产提供一定的理论基础和技术支撑。     

文心兰丛生芽继代增殖关键技术研究

为建立文心兰(Oncidium)丛生芽工厂化继代增殖途径技术体系,对培养基、激素种类、激素浓度配比和继代增殖次数等影响丛生芽增殖增殖分化的关键因子进行比较研究。结果表明:以文心兰花梗为外植体,添加2.5~3.0 mg/L TDZ与0.2~0.4 mg/L NAA组合和1g/L活性炭和亚硫酸钠后诱导丛生芽分化丛生芽或原球茎效果好。TDZ与NAA浓度比值为8.93或8.75时,丛生芽诱导分化率最高,为90.0%,增殖系数为6.0~7.4;丛生芽分化途径最佳继代增殖培养基为:1/2MS+10 g/L琼脂+30 g/L蔗糖+1g/LAC+1g亚硫酸钠+2.8 mg/LTDZ+0.32 mg/LNAA;经5-6代继代增殖培养后,丛生芽变异率仅为0.1%。     

赤桉叶片的离体培养与植株再生

以无菌苗叶片为外植体进行了赤桉不定芽的诱导及植株再生。结果表明,在MS 0.8 mg/L BA 0.3 mg/L KT 0.05 mg/L NAA的培养基上,丛生芽诱导率为35.4%;附加0.8 mg/L BA 0.05 mg/L TDZ 0.1 mg/L NAA的MS培养基能促进赤桉不定芽的诱导,其诱导率达42.9%;暗培养10 d能促进不定芽的分化。当芽长至2~3 cm时,切下生长健壮的芽并接入生根培养基,生根率达100%,移栽成活率超过80%。     

花生体细胞胚和丛生芽的诱导及扩繁培养

以花生成熟胚培养成的无菌苗叶节为外植体 ,在高浓度 6-BA ( 3 0 mg/ L) MS培养基中 ,光强 2 0 0 0Lx,( 2 5± 3 )℃和 1 4 / 1 0光暗比条件下培养 ,50天后全部诱导分化出整齐一致的丛生芽 ,每个外植体平均产生 8.2 5个丛生芽 ;切下带少许丛生芽的组织块转入含 6-BA ( 3 0 mg/ L) ,LH ( 40 0 mg/ L)和 YE ( 0 .0 1 % )的 MS培养基中 ,可诱导出新的丛生芽 ,诱导率达 98.70 % ,平均出芽 1 3 .86个 .将花生成熟胚轴转接于含NAA ( 1 mg/ L)和 6-BA ( 3 mg/ L) MS培养基中 ,2 0～ 3 0天后 ,诱导出大量正常的体细胞胚 ,诱导率达 95.7% ,将胚切成小块转入含 2 ,4 -D ( 2 0 mg/ L) ,6-BA ( 3 mg/ L )和 LH ( 2 0 0 m g/ L) MS培养基中 ,经 1 5天培养 ,诱导出白色致密的胚性愈伤组织 .     

湿地松的组织培养及植株再生

在以湿地松实生无菌苗带子叶顶芽为外植体诱导丛生芽的过程中，激素的种类及浓度、处理时间等对丛生芽的诱导影响较大，表现为：单独使用6-BA即可诱导丛生芽分化，但NAA与6BA协同作用效果更佳；外植体在改良GD 5mg／L 6-BA 0．1mg／L NAA的培养基上培养4～5周，其丛生芽诱导率最高达95％。将丛生芽单个切下继代培养在改良GD 3．5mg／L 6-BA 0．05mg／L NAA的培养基上时增殖较快。改良GD培养基中添加0．05～0．1mg／L生长素(NAA)或0．5g／L活性炭(AC)能明显促进丛生芽伸长；培养基中的大量元素减半则不利于湿地松丛生芽的伸长生长。将伸长的丛生芽单个切下置于生根培养基中，4周后生根率达53．3％，移栽成活率达85％。     

金边凤梨组织培养快速育苗的研究

对金边凤梨组织培养快速育苗进行了研究,以筛选适合的培养基,结果表明,以改良MS培养基能直接诱导观赏风梨顶芽产生丛生芽,其中改良MS培养基加入BA 2．0mg.L^-1,KT0．1－0．5mg.L^-1,以及NAA 0．1－0．5mg.L^-1,培养冠芽或吸芽,能诱导大量丛生芽而获大量繁殖,其繁殖系数要达到每年20多万倍,且能保持原品种的金边遗传性状,在25－30度条件下,金边风梨的丛生芽生长正常,继代时间较长,光照过强或过暗不利金边凤梨的生长与分化。     

蝴蝶兰叶片诱导植株再生的研究

以蝴蝶兰叶片为外植体,建立了蝴蝶兰植株再生系统。结果表明:(1)可通过花梗节芽建立丛生芽诱导体系,获得大量无菌材料,丛生芽诱导增殖的最佳激素组合为7.5 mg/L 6 BA 1.0 mg/L NAA;(2)植物激素显著影响叶片类原球体的诱导,在10.0 mg/L 6 BA 1.0 mg/L NAA的激素组合处理下,各品种的诱导效果最好;(3)4种基本培养基中,1/2MS和Hyponex对类原球体的增殖和分化效果较好;(4)蔗糖浓度对类原球茎分化成苗的影响可用y=-0.019 92x2 0.077 51 x 0.17 进行拟合,在蔗糖浓度为20 g/L时,蝴蝶兰类原球茎分化率达最高。     

影响花生下胚轴丛生芽再生因素的研究

以花育22号成熟种子萌发后的下胚轴为外植体，分析了激素配比、外植体萌发日龄、AgNO3、NAA以及不同基因型对花生下胚轴植株再生的影响．结果发现，MS＋6-BA（12mg/L）＋NAA（0．8mg/L）的组合对下胚轴芽的分化较好，萌发4～5d的外植体用于丛生芽诱导较佳，3mg／L的AgNO3可提高下胚轴芽的分化率并有效减轻下胚轴的褐化，1mg/L的NAA利于组培苗生根，组培苗移栽后能正常开花、结实．不同基因型花生的芽诱导率存在差异．     

栀子腋芽丛生离体繁殖及开花诱导

以栀子(Gardenia jasminoides Ellis)茎尖和腋芽为外植体进行腋芽丛生离体繁殖以及开花诱导的研究.结果表明:在培养基MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L IBA 0.2 mg/L中,腋芽丛生效果最好,平均每个外植体可得到8～10个丛生芽,每个茎尖可得到15～20个丛生芽;在培养基MS 6-BA 1.0 mg/L NAA 0.1 mg/L GA3 1.0 mg/L 中,有花蕾的形成,且最终能够开花并形成果实;生根培养基为:1/2 MS IBA 0.5 mg/L GA3 0.5 mg/L,生根率可达98 %,生根培养4周后移栽,移栽成活率达95%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.