液气射流泵内部流场的数值计算

通过闪频仪观测,泵内部流动可分为分层流、液滴流和泡状流.为了简化模拟和计算,将计算区域分为部分喉管和扩散管两块.对液气射流泵喉管内部射流流动,建立抛物型流动方程组,采用控制容积法将方程组离散,并用TDMA法求解;对扩散管内部泡状流,采用双流体模型建立液气两相流方程组,混合有限分析法离散,压力耦合半隐式方法(SIMPLE)求解.数值模拟获得液气射流泵内部流速分布.计算预测的射流碎裂位置与试验观测结果一致;壁面压力分布计算值与试验值吻合较好,趋势相近.计算结果能够较好地反映液气射流泵外部水力性能,为液气射流泵的优化设计与运行提供参考.     

受限空间内射流影响下气固两相流动非定常数值模拟

就射流对受限空间内气固两相流动的影响进行了三维非定常数值模拟.分析计算结果发现,在射流结构下游尾迹附近区域出现局部回流;在射流结构背风侧存在不对称的连续涡结构发生、脱落与破裂过程,并且涡结构的脱落具有周期性.另外,通过分析射流对不同粒径颗粒尺度的影响,发现射流对10 μm量级颗粒能够在流道内形成持续稳定的低浓度区域,计算结果与试验吻合较好.通过分析试验中未测量的位置和参数的计算数据,加强了对该流场内流动特征和颗粒分布的理解,为壁面射流控制手段在流体机械工程上的应用提供参考.     

固体颗粒对三相气升式环流反应器流动特性的影响

将液相视为连续相,气相和固相视为分散相,同时考虑各相之间的相互作用,结合气液固三相流体的动力学理论,建立气液固三相环流反应器三流体湍流流动的Eulerian模型.采用计算模拟软件Fluent对三相环流反应器的流动状况进行模拟,考察表观气速、固含率、颗粒大小对反应器的气含率以及液体流动速度的影响.模拟结果较好地解释了气升式环流反应器内的三相流体行为,模型与实验结果较好地吻合,表明了模型的可行性.     

气升式环流反应器内气液两相流动计算流体力学的模拟

采用欧拉-欧拉两流体模型模拟了气升式环流反应器内部气液两相流动过程,考察了液相速度和气含率随表观气速的变化,液相速度和气含率模拟值的关系与两种经验关系式的计算值进行了比较,两者取得了很好的一致,证明了模型的正确性。在此基础上,使用计算流体力学模拟的方法考查了反应器内的导流筒直径和导流筒高度对反应器内两相流动的影响,导流筒直径增大,液相循环量增大,上升段气含率增大;导流筒位置升高,液相循环速度和循环量均增大,上升段气含率减小。所获得的结果对气升式反应器的设计优化具有指导意义。     

水平管外液膜液滴作用下的蒸汽流动特性

为研究水平管外液体和气体相互作用下的两相流动特性,选择蒸发器中广泛应用的转角正方形排列管束为物理模型,采用流体体积函数(VOF)方法追踪气液界面,提出液体在管间以液滴形式存在的模型假设,结合管间空隙率数据来初始化水平管外液膜厚度和液滴直径,模拟蒸汽在管外液膜和管间液滴作用下的流动过程,分析气液两相的压力场和速度场.结果表明:小喷淋密度下,进出口压降计算值和实验吻合良好;在计算域内,下部区域压力值高于上部区域,且最小压力分布在液滴附近的右下侧区域;压力分布的不均会造成液滴在下落过程中的变形.     

两种不同形状旋转带对气液两相流场影响的计算流体力学模拟

利用计算流体力学软件FLUENT,以RNGk-ε湍流模型和Eulerian多相流模型对旋转带蒸馏设备内的流场进行了数值模拟.模拟考虑了旋转带的结构因素.结果表明,无开孔的旋转带在高速转动时,设备内的流体会产生界面分离现象,不利于气液两相的密切接触.而有开孔的旋转带在高速旋转时,会有效地改善流体界面的分离,而且气液两相的湍动程度更大,这些现象将有利于气液两相的传质.同时,比较了开孔位置和孔径大小对改善气液界面分离的影响.模拟结果为进一步研究旋转带蒸馏设备的结构优化和操作提供了理论依据.     

楔形体回流区的射流汇合

本文建立了两股二维不可压缩湍流射流在楔形体后汇合的数学模型,分析了汇合点位置、回流区中压力分布、射流形状和汇合点下游的流动情况,并测量了整个流场的速度分布、湍流能量分布和压力分布.     

气液射流反应流动特性的数值研究

针对气液射流反应过程的流动特性,在欧拉两相流模型、组分输运模型、涡耗散化学反应模型以及Lee相变模型的基础上,对气态六氟化硫与高温液态金属锂的气液射流反应过程进行了三维数值模拟研究,分析了射流反应气羽宏观参数及其变化规律,研究了入口压力对流场温度分布的影响及其与气羽的对应关系。研究结果表明:所采用的数值模拟方法可以较好地预测气液射流反应过程;射流反应气羽主要由六氟化硫核心区和锂蒸气气羽区组成,宏观结构参数主要由锂蒸气气羽决定;六氟化硫核心区与锂蒸气气羽穿透长度均随入口压力的增加而增加;温度峰值位置和总反应速率峰值位置与射流反应气羽尾部相对应。研究结果可为气液射流反应器的优化设计和安全运行提供指导。     

多孔泡沫金属内气泡动力学行为的格子波尔兹曼方法模拟

为了研究多孔泡沫金属骨架对气泡上升运动的影响,基于多孔泡沫金属的骨架结构,建立了多孔泡沫金属内气泡动力学行为的物理模型,并利用格子Boltzmann方法(LBM)模拟孔隙尺度下气-液两相流动.考虑多孔泡沫金属内流体间以及流固间的相互作用力,采用多组分单松弛的Shan-Chen模型,模拟气泡在泡沫金属孔隙结构内的运动形态.对含有泡沫金属以及不含泡沫金属的计算区域内气液两相流的密度场进行了比较.实验结果表明:泡沫金属骨架的存在改变了两相流流场,同时使气泡上升过程中边界受到挤压,从而改变气泡的上升速度;随着重力场的增大,流体区域内有序排列的泡沫金属结构可以加快气泡上升速度.     

管道充水工况下气液两相流瞬态数值模拟研究

结合k - ε湍流模型,对三维管道充水过程的气液两相流进行了瞬态数值模拟.建立了管道充水过程液相体积分数与时间的数学模型,并对两相流在管道中的流动特性、能量损耗进行分析.模拟结果表明:充水过程中存在分层、段塞、气团、气泡流;气体在管道中以气团、气泡流流型向下游管网流动;气液两相流造成的能量损耗大于单相流,两相流能量消耗增大的原因是存在气液相间相互作用以及流体与管壁摩擦系数的增大;倾斜下降管道剖面水平方向轴向流速对称分布;垂直方向靠近管道顶部与底部分别出现气、液相轴向流速峰值,气液交界处轴向流速最低.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.