管道充水工况下气液两相流瞬态数值模拟

结合k-ε湍流模型,对三维管道充水过程的气液两相流进行了瞬态数值模拟.建立了管道充水过程液相体积分数与时间的数学模型,并对两相流在管道中的流动特性、能量损耗进行分析.模拟结果表明:充水过程中存在分层、段塞、气团、气泡流;气体在管道中以气团、气泡流流型向下游管网流动;气液两相流造成的能量损耗大于单相流,两相流能量消耗增大的原因是存在气液相间相互作用以及流体与管壁摩擦系数的增大;倾斜下降管道剖面水平方向轴向流速对称分布;垂直方向靠近管道顶部与底部分别出现气、液相轴向流速峰值,气液交界处轴向流速最低.     

泡沫在裂缝中流动特征的物理模拟

针对泡沫流体的流动特性,设计岩石裂缝模型和可视化裂缝模型,研究泡沫在裂缝中的流动特征并与气液两相流进行对比。研究结果表明:在可视化裂缝模型中,当气液比升高时,气液两相流容易形成气窜带,引起两相流整体流动性增强,而泡沫运移的阻力则出现升高;当流速升高时,气液两相流压力梯度呈现线性增大,而在泡沫中,低速阶段压力梯度增幅较小,高速阶段压力增幅梯度相对增大;裂缝的粗糙度会改变泡沫的微观结构进而影响泡沫的流动特征。在岩石裂缝模型中,当气液比较低时,气液两相流的流动阻力随气液比的增大而升高。当气液比大于2.5后,不同流速下气液两相流的压力梯度均开始随气液比的增高而下降,在不同气液比下泡沫的压力梯度要比两相流的高,不同的注入速度下的泡沫流动的压力梯度均随气液比的增大而升高;当注入速度增大时,两相流及泡沫的流动的压力梯度均基本呈现线性升高。     

低比转速离心泵气液两相流动的可视化试验及数值模拟

为研究低比转速离心泵内部气液两相流动的流型和气泡直径的变化规律,采用高速摄像技术对泵内部气液两相流动进行可视化试验,同时采用Eulerian-Eulerian非均相流模型和RNG k-ε湍流模型对泵内部气液两相流动进行数值模拟,得到不同进口气相体积分数φ_0下叶片表面中间流线气相体积分数随中间流线相对位置的变化规律。研究结果表明:当φ_0从0.4%增大到3.5%时,叶轮内部流型分别为泡状流、聚合泡状流、气团流和分层流,泵进出口压差损失逐渐增加;保持初始液相流量不变,当进气量由1 L/min增大到3 L/min时,气泡的平均直径由0.61 mm逐渐增大到0.85 mm;保持进气量不变,当液相流量由5 m~3/h增大到10 m~3/h时,气泡的平均直径由1.00 mm减小到0.82 mm;叶片压力面和吸力面中间流线上的气相体积分数从叶轮进口到出口先增大后逐渐降低,出口附近由于漩涡的存在而使气相体积分数略有增加,且随着φ_0增加,压力面的气相积聚区域逐渐扩大。     

T型结构微通道气液两相流型的数值模拟

针对T型微通道气液两相流型的数值模拟,建立了适用于微通道气液两相流的计算模型,在流体力学软件FLUENT求解器中数值求算,模拟出不同气液相表观流速下的流型并与实验对比验证模型合理性.模拟过程中通过改变液相组成,考察了黏度和表面张力对气液两相流型分布的影响,并与前人的实验结果进行对比.模拟研究表明:液相流体黏度的改变,对流型分布图的影响很小;而随着表面张力的减小,Taylor流的区域在逐渐减小,这说明表面张力对Taylor流的形成有较大的影响.     

水平管泡状流界面浓度研究

利用双头电导探针测量技术,研究了水平管内空气－水两相流的界面浓度,并得到了气液两相流的界面特性参数（如气泡速度,气泡尺寸和界面浓度）及其随气液两相流量的变化规律,研究发现：随着气相流量的增大,各点的气泡速度,气泡尺寸,界面浓度相应增加,随着液相流量的增大,除气泡速度随之增大外各点的其它参数随之减小,水平管内界在浓度在同一测量角度的径向分布类似,界面浓度在管内除水平管径方向外,沿其它方向的分布都是非     

上倾管道充气排液过程两相流动特性

在直径为40 mm、倾斜角为20°的管道内,以空气、水为试验介质,利用高速摄影仪和数据采集仪对上倾管道充气排液过程气液两相流动特性进行研究。建立跟随气泡和领先气泡速度比与气泡距离的关系,对比不同入口气体流速下管道内部压力、流量、气泡变化特性。结果表明,充气排液过程分为4个阶段,气体侵入和气液喷发阶段是气液混合物产生阶段,此阶段上倾管内流型以段塞流为主。管道底部压力和出口流量随气体流速的增大而增大,排空时间随气体流速的增大而减小。气体侵入过程气泡呈合并趋势,入口气速越大气泡越长,形状越不规则,领先气泡的速度和液体速度呈线性关系。Hout公式与本文中拟合公式最为接近。     

气、液两相流在水平管道中水头损失的实验研究

在污水生物处理中,一种新的节能曝气方法,需要管道中的气、液两相流动.利用普通镀锌钢管中的气、液两相流进实验,考察气、液两相流在水平管道中压力变化,并对气、液两相流在水平管段中流动时的实验数据进行了数学拟合,得出了统计计算公式和参数,为未来的节能曝气所需的气液两相流管路设计,作了初步工作.     

液压油箱内气泡流动观测及气泡分离方法

针对液压油箱内气泡流动的现象,搭建气泡流动可视化试验系统,观察回油管出口附近气泡的流入和液压泵吸油管处气泡的吸入过程,获得气泡分布规律.利用Fluent中的欧拉-欧拉多相流模型,对液压油箱内流场进行气液两相流三维数值计算.基于气泡流动可视化试验结果和气液两相流的流动特性,提出两种实现气泡快速分离的方案.研究表明:系统回油管中油液携带直径大小不同的气泡进入到油箱内,快速弥散于整个油箱油液中;较大气泡能够快速上浮、逸出液面,直径较小的气泡随液流被液压泵吸入;在油液流入油箱前,通过改变油液的流态,形成旋转流或紊态流,可以使气泡从油液中快速分离.     

气液两相流多喷嘴分流取样计量研究

提出一种具有4个分流喷嘴的新型取样器结构,根据分流比和取样流体气、液流量确定主管路气液相流量。为保证取样流体的代表性,采用"流型调整"与"阻力控制"两种方法抑制相分离的发生。建立气液两相流数值模型,模拟气液两相流在取样器中的流动特性。在气液两相流试验环道上开展试验测试,流型包括波浪流、段塞流及环状流。结果表明:在试验范围内气、液相分流系数接近理论值0.25,其主要取决于分流喷嘴的数目,不受流型、气液流速等参数波动的影响,流量测量误差小于±6.0%。该取样计量装置具有体积小、精度高、维护费用低的优点,可代替传统计量分离器,实现气液流量的实时测量。     

并联管路气液两相流分流实验与数值模拟

为了研究气液两相流在并联立管中的分流状况,在实验室中建立了带有并联立管的气液两相流流动回路。建立了气液两相流分流数学模型,通过数值模拟方法对气液两相流分流进行研究。实验过程中发现了并联立管中三种不同的流动状态分别为弹状流-弹状流、搅混流-搅混流以及弹状流-搅混流。实验结果表明当并联立管中的流动状态为弹状流-弹状流时,两根立管中的压降相同,但是并联立管中的液塞排出并不具有同步性,可能产生偏流状况。在气液流速较高的搅混流-搅混流时两相流在并联立管中始终处于均匀分配状态。介于两者之间的弹状流-搅混流,并联立管中的压降产生较大的偏差,气液两相流流量更倾向于搅混流一侧流出,此时并联立管中产生严重的偏流状况。数值模拟过程中,通过对并联立管出口持液率进行监测,在较低的气液速下两相流并不能够均匀分配,但是在较高的气液速下,两相流始终处于均匀分配,可见所建立的数学模型具有良好的准确性。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to