链霉菌702原生质体的制备和再生条件研究

为了确定链霉菌702菌株原生质体制备和再生较优组合条件,以链霉菌702菌株为试验材料,试验设计以单因素和多因素多水平的正交试验。在单因素试验结果中探索该菌的对数生长期为35 h~50 h,在菌丝体培养基中添加1.0%甘氨酸有利于该菌原生质体制备和再生;正交试验分别以影响该菌原生质体制备和再生的菌丝体培养时间、溶菌酶使用浓度、酶解温度和酶解时间的四因素三水平的L9(34)正交试验,试验表明:链霉菌702菌株原生质制备和再生较优组合为A2B2C3D1,即菌丝体培养时间为43 h,溶菌酶浓度为2.0 mg/mL,酶解温度为37℃,酶解时间60 m in,原生质体的制备率和再生率分别达到96.5%和27.8%。本试验为该菌进一步进行原生质体诱变打下良好的基础。     

衣康酸产生菌-土曲霉T-730原生质体的制备和再生

以衣康酸产生菌土曲霉T-730为供试菌株,研究了菌丝体培养方式、酶配比、菌丝的菌龄、酶解温度和时间、再生培养方法等因素对土曲霉原生质体形成和再生的影响．结果表明：采用液体静置培养12h～14h的菌丝体,在含有纤维素酶0．6％,蜗牛酶0．3%,溶菌酶0．1％的混合酶系统中,置35℃酶解3.5h,原生质体形成率最高;采用双层平板培养法于32℃再生,再生率达到70.6%     

Blakeslea trisporaH1^-原生质体制备与再生条件研究

以β-胡萝卜素生产菌株Blakeslea trispora H1-为研究对象,对其原生质体形成及再生条件进行了研究.得知最佳形成与再生条件为:以摇瓶方式培养菌丝体,培养菌龄为56 h,酶解温度为30 ℃,酶质量分数2.0%,混合酶组成为m(蜗牛酶)∶m(纤维素酶)＝6∶4,酶解时间为120 min,渗稳剂为0.6 mol/L MgSO4·7H2O.Blakeslea trispora H1-原生质体形成数为7.9×106 个/mL,再生率为3.9%.     

聚β羟基丁酸酯产生菌原生质体制备与再生条件研究

本论述对聚β羟基丁酸酯产生菌S-05的生理特性以及影响原生质体形成与再生的条件进行分析。结果表明：聚β羟基丁酸酯产生菌S-05在32℃,180r/min振荡培养9h后进入对数生长期;该菌株原生质体形成的合适条件为：培养12h的菌体用4mg/mL的溶菌酶在磷酸缓冲液（pH6.0）中37℃静止酶解2h,原生质体形成率与再生率达到最大值,分别为83.5%和20.3%。     

北冬虫夏草原生质体的制备及诱变育种

通过对北冬虫夏草(Cordyceps militaris Link)菌种液体发酵培养,离心分离获得菌丝体菌液,分别从渗透压稳定剂、裂解酶、裂解时间及菌龄4个方面优化原生质体制备的条件.结果表明:原生质体制备的最优渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L MgSO_4,最优酶解液为1%纤维素酶,最佳菌龄为5 d,最优裂解时间为2 h.L_(20)(5~4)的正交试验表明,优化条件下制备原生质体为1.46×10~7个/m L.紫外诱变实验结果表明:北冬虫夏草半致死率时的照射剂量约为40 s,诱变距离与致死率成反比,在诱变总时间相同的情况下,诱变受诱变次数影响较小,分次处理和一次处理效果基本相同.以多糖含量为指标,筛选诱变菌株,诱变株多糖含量高于普通菌株,其中17~#菌株多糖含量达6.01%,筛选菌株的稳定性实验表明:继代培养3次,筛选的菌株产多糖能力下降较少,表明筛选菌株具有较好的稳定性.     

蒙古口蘑与双孢蘑菇原生质体融合育种研究

以蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇为出发菌株,研究了酶浓度、酶解时间、菌龄和渗透压稳定剂、再生培养基等对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的影响.结果表明,蒙古口蘑原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2.5%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解4 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,MB为再生培养基,制备率为7.53×1010个/L,再生率为8.4×10-4;双孢蘑菇原生质体制备和再生的最佳条件是,培养5 d的菌丝体用2%(w/w)的溶壁酶酶解3 h,渗透压稳定剂为0.6 mol/L KCl,PQA为再生培养基,制备率为6.96×1010个/L,再生率为7.4×10-4.对两种菌原生质体的释放过程进行形态观察,均为顶端释放.采用双亲灭活原生质体融合技术对蒙古口蘑和双孢蘑菇原生质体融合进行研究,蒙古口蘑原生质体采用热灭活,65℃处理30 min,灭活率达100%,双孢蘑菇采用紫外灭活,在15 W紫外灯下,距离30 cm,处理20 min,灭活率达100%,两菌株按1∶1混合,以30%PEMG(6 000)为促融剂,融合10 min,融合率为5.6×10-5.经遗传稳定性检验,融合菌株的遗传稳定率为80%,从菌落特征、菌丝形态、菌丝生长量、酯酶、游离全蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶和过氧化物酶等同工酶方面对融合子进行筛选,获得一株具有双亲性状的融合株.     

地衣芽孢杆菌JF—20菌原生质体的形成及其再生的最佳条件

以地衣芽孢杆菌（Bacillus licheniformis)JF-20菌为出发菌株,对原生质体制备及再生的各种影响因素进行了研究,在原生质体形成及再生的最佳条件下制备原生质体。结果发现：JF-20菌的原生质体形成率及再生率分别达到以86.9%和38.4%,并通过光学显微镜技术,观察了原生质体形成及再生的有关现象。     

槐耳原生质体制备与再生研究

对槐耳原生质体制备与再生进行了研究,结果表明:槐耳原生质体制备最佳条件是以液体静置培养9d的菌丝体,0.6mol/L蔗糖作为渗透压稳定剂,在体积质量比2%溶壁酶、1%纤维素酶和1%蜗牛酶作用下,25℃酶解3h,制备率达2.75×106个/mL;再生最佳条件是液体静置培养12d的菌丝体,0.6mol/L甘露醇为渗透压稳定剂,在2%溶壁酶作用下,35℃酶解2h,再生率为12.7%.     

维生素B＿2产生菌的原生质体制备及再生

用１．０％纤维素酶＋０．５％蜗牛酶的混合酶液酶解培养２６～３２小时的维生素Ｂ＿２产生菌阿氏假囊酵母（Ｅｒｅｍｏｔｈｅｃｉｕｍａｏｈｂｙｉｉ）菌丝体，可以得到大量原生质体，最佳酶解时间为１．５小时。原生质体再生率为０．３５％～０．６７％。阿氏假囊酵母在原生质体再生过程中具有较高的突变率，以维生素Ｂ＿２产量为指标的正突变率为１２．１４％。     

截短侧耳素产生菌原生质体的制备条件优化及再生

以截短侧耳素产生菌Clitopilus pinsitus为材料,通过单因素和正交实验,研究菌龄、酶系、酶浓度、酶解时间、温度及稳渗剂对C.pinsitus原生质体制备和再生的影响。实验结果表明,制备原生质体的最佳条件为:5d菌龄,0.4mol/L甘露醇稳渗剂,2.0%蜗牛酶和2.0%纤维素酶混合酶,25℃酶解1.5h,原生质体产量5.9×107个/m L,其再生率为1.2‰。实验为截短侧耳素高产菌株原生质体诱变育种奠定基础。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.