偃麦草Ee染色体组特异DNA片段的分离、定位与应用

以中间偃麦草(Thinopyrum intermedium)、二倍体长穗偃麦草(Lophopyrum elongatum)、拟鹅观草(Pseudoroegneria spicata)和6个小麦对照为材料筛选240条10碱基RAPD引物. 结果发现引物H4在二倍体长穗偃麦草中扩增出1条长为740 bp的高拷贝DNA(记做Ee740),而小麦则扩增不出该片段.序列比对结果显示,Ee740位于散布重复序列与LTR反转录转座子athila之间,且仅与小麦基因组一个212 bp的片段有87%的同源性,因此Ee740应为一新DNA序列.根据Ee740设计特异PCR引物H4-F和 H4-R,对含E染色体组的材料和小麦材料进行扩增,结果显示,仅中间偃麦草和长穗偃麦草能扩增出Ee740.进而对1套中国春-倍体长穗偃麦草附加系(CS1E-S7E)进行扩增,结果发现仅CS2E、CS4E、CS5E、CS7E能扩增出Ee740, 即Ee740分布在偃麦草的2E、4E、5E和7E染色体上.进一步对小麦茸毛偃麦草的后代材料进行SCAR分析,结果表明Ee740可以用于小麦背景中Ee染色质的检测.     

SLuCUT-A全自动激光显微切割系统植物染色体切割的研究

SLuCUT-A全自动激光显微切割是目前比较先进高效的染色体微切割、微分离和微收集系统。为使高精尖仪器设备在植物染色体遗传分析中广泛应用,此研究利用SLuCUT-A全自动激光显微切割系统对普通小麦"中国春"和中间偃麦草染色体进行了微切割、微收集和微克隆,并且以回收到的切割染色体(或染色体片段)为模板进行了DOP-PCRDNA扩增。     

簇毛麦3V和4V染色体特异分子标记的建立

选用100条ISSR引物对多年生簇毛麦(Dasypyrum breviaristatum)、不同居群的二倍体簇毛麦(D.villosum)、小麦多年生簇毛麦部分双二倍体(TDH-2)、二粒小麦多年生簇毛麦双二倍体(TDB-3)、硬粒小麦二倍体簇毛麦双二倍体(ABV)和6份小麦进行PCR分析.结果发现引物ISSR808和ISSR811均可以在含簇毛麦染色质材料中扩增出1条约900 bp的特异DNA带,而对照组小麦则没有相应带纹.对这两个特异片段进行克隆测序,发现其长度分别为860 bp和898 bp, 分别被命名为ISSR808860和ISSR811898.序列比对结果显示(1)ISSR808860与一粒小麦(Triticum monococcum)和大麦(Hordeum vulgare)基因组LTR反转录转座子部分序列同源性分别达到83%和81%(2)ISSR811898与普通小麦(riticum aestivum)Wknox1d基因的部分内含子序列具有88%的同源性.利用中国春簇毛麦附加系(CSDA1V-CADA7V)分别将ISSR808860定位在3V和4V染色体上, 将ISSR811898 定位4V染色体上.用ISSR808和ISSR811对多年生簇毛麦的大量衍生后代进行PCR分析,结果表明ISSR808860和ISSR811898可以作为检测簇毛麦3V和4V染色体的分子标记应用到辅助小麦育种工作中.     

杀配子染色体2C诱导小麦畸变的细胞学分析

偃麦草属(Elytrigia Desv)是与小麦亲缘关系较近的一个属,是小麦巨大的基因交流资源.长穗偃麦草(E.elongata,2n=14EE)具有普通小麦缺少的许多优良性状,可以通过远缘杂交等方法转移到栽培小麦品种中.利用杀配子染色体的杀配子效应、利用中国春-柱穗山羊草(Ae.cylindrical-2c)二体附加...     

抗白粉病小偃麦衍生系的细胞遗传学研究

对八倍体小偃麦与普通小麦杂交得到的抗小麦白粉病衍生系忻麦818和忻麦6160进行了根尖染色体观察、花粉母细胞减数分裂染色体行为研究.核型和花粉母细胞减数分裂观察表明:忻麦818、忻麦6160的根尖细胞染色体数目均为2n=42,花粉母细胞减数分裂中期Ⅰ染色体构型为2n=21Ⅱ,可见二者都有很强的细胞学稳定性.忻麦818与中国春杂种F1 PMC MI染色体构型为2n=20.01Ⅱ+1.98 Ⅰ,说明忻麦818可能是一个双体异代换系,然而忻麦6160与中国春杂种F1PMC MI染色体构型为2n=19Ⅱ+1Ⅳ,在每个细胞中均有四价体出现,说明忻麦6160可能是一个小麦中间偃麦草易位系.     

小麦近缘种及小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系、易位系的SSR分析

用20对小麦微卫星引物，对小麦近缘种和小麦-簇毛麦染色体代换系、易位系的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增，14对引物有扩增产物，其中10对引物可以在小麦近缘种间扩增出多态性标记．共扩增出分子量小于500的条带477条，其中342条具有多态性，每个SSR座位的等位基因数目在2～6个之间，平均为3．7个．11个实验材料的基因多态性(PIC)范围在0．4013～0．7281之间，平均为0．5725．根据NeiM的方法进行遗传距离分析，构建系统树，确立小麦及近缘种的亲缘关系，为麦类作物遗传资源的研究及在育种中的应用提供一些理论依据．     

基于转录组序列的小麦ETS-SSR标记筛选与染色体定位

通过小麦转录组序列分析,获得121 210个非重复序列(Unigenes),在10 672(8.8%)个Unigenes中搜索出1-6个重复基元的11 650条EST-SSR信息位点,筛选并设计出308条SSR引物,选取前30对引物进行合成.有效性扩增检测结果表明,20(66.7%)对引物有清晰条带.利用缺体-四体系共定位了14对引物,分别位于13条染色体的21个位点上.研究表明,利用小麦转录组中EST-SSR信息开发新的SSR标记是可行的,开发的新ESTSSR标记可有效用于小麦基因的定位和遗传多样性的分析等.     

利用SSR标记检测渗入普通小麦的冰草遗传物质

以日本普通小麦品种Fukuhokomugi为母本，以冰草（Agropyron cristaturn L．）为父本远缘杂交的后代再与其他普通小麦品种（系）杂交选育出8个遗传背景较复杂的小麦一冰草衍生种质材料。选取332对可扩增出冰草Z559特征带型的SSR引物，以8个小麦一冰草衍生材料及其所有亲本为模板进行PCR扩增。结果发现，13对SSR引物可分别在参试的所有8个小麦一冰草衍生材料中扩增出冰草z559的特异PCR产物，说明在这些材料中都含有冰草的外源染色体片段，即四倍体冰草Z559的遗传物质已经转移到了普通小麦的遗传背景中。     

松材线虫与拟松材线虫RAPD检测技术

采用RAPD技术对松材线虫和拟松材线虫进行了检测研究,从140个随机引物中筛选出引物OPK09与引物组合OPC18 OPN18。引物OPK09对12个松材线虫株系扩增出一条约2400bp左右的特异片段,引物组合OPC18 OPN18对10个拟松材线虫株系扩增出一条970bp左右的特异片段。实验表明,引物OPK09与引物组合OPC18 OPN18具有特异性强、灵敏度高的优点。用这两组引物可以快速、准确鉴定松材线虫和拟松材线虫。     

综合应用生物技术创造抗黄矮病普通小麦新种质

小麦黄矮病毒病是小麦主产国的重要病害之一。发明者与澳大利亚联邦科工组织种植业研究所合作,通过综合应用现代生物技术(组织培养,中国春ph(CSph)突变体,ELISA,分子探针,同工酶电泳分析等)与常规育种相结合,在国际上首次将中间偃麦草的抗黄矮病基因导入普通小麦,育成一批抗性优异,农艺性状较好的普通小麦新种质(2n=42=21Ⅱ),其抗性由显性单基     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-