论老舍小说的叙述声音

老舍小说的表达方式属于讲述型，叙述者的叙述声音比较清晰，读老舍的小说常有听评书的感觉。老舍小说叙述声音清晰的重要标志是较强的阐释性和多用议论比喻。较强的阐释性包括叙述者对小说故事高屋建瓴的通盘把握、频繁使用表达叙述者的意图的小括号、在故事外叙事时“我”、“我们”字样的反复出现、叙述者对于小说人物的代言人性质诸方面。议论与比喻是显露叙述者公开身分和表达叙述者主观感受的重要艺术手段。老舍小说叙述者多用议论和比喻，在议论和比喻中表现自己的见解，引导接受者的审美趋向。     

鲁迅小说的言语主体与抒情的话语及语用修辞

鲁迅小说的言语主体主要有三类，一类是文外叙述者，一类是文内叙述者，一类是小说中的人物。这些言语主体的抒情的话语，虽然由于言语主体的身份不同，在小说中所担任的角色也不同，因此，这些抒情话语，不仅意味各不相同，而且，采用的修辞手段也各异，但无论是哪一类言语主体的抒情话语，从小说来看，都符合作为言语主体的身份及所扮演的角色，也都具有话语修辞与语用修辞的匠心，并包含了众多可资分析的内容。当然，在鲁迅的小说中，言语主体的设置，有时又是较为灵活和较为复杂的，而言语主体设置的这种状况，从一定意义上讲，是鲁迅小说的艺术匠心的一个方面。     

从零碎探讨到符号叙述学分析——鲁迅小说形式研究的现状分析及展望

百年以来,鲁迅小说形式研究历经了探究写作技巧时的零碎探讨时期、马克思主义形式理论探究时期和西方现代形式文论研究时期。西方现代形式文论研究时期,全新的叙述学研究方法极大地推进了鲁迅小说形式研究。这些突破在鲁迅小说的叙述者、情节模式、复调和修辞等研究上都有明显体现。鲁迅小说形式研究仍有不足,符号叙述学能推进鲁迅小说隐含作者、修辞和叙述者等方面的研究。     

鲁迅悲剧作品的美学意义

悲剧小说是鲁迅作品的主要组成部分 ,作为美学范畴的悲剧 ,不是指社会生活中那些痛苦和不幸事件及其对这类事件的主观体验 ,也不是指戏剧艺术中的一种形式 ,它指的是一种美的特殊的现象形态。凡是具有悲剧性的矛盾冲突所体现人物与事件的崇高性质 ,具有肃穆、壮烈和悲愤的情调 ,又大都以正面人物的不幸为结局的那些审美对象 ,我们都可以称之为悲剧。悲剧是美的一种特殊的形态。在作品中 ,鲁迅把人生最崇高和壮美的因素集中起来 ,反映在不幸的人生形式之中。他认为 :“悲剧将人生的最有价值的东西毁灭给人看”1。这是对悲剧内涵的精确概括 ,…     

浅议《理发》的文本叙述手段

林·拉德纳的小说《理发》巧妙地运用第一人称直接引语为文本叙述语言，真实而极具口语化特征的叙述语言给读者带来了逼真的听觉体验。而叙述者既是超故事层的讲述者，又是元故事层的参与者与审美对象。通过对叙述者主观不可靠性的真实还原，小说为读者创造了宽广的情感审美空间。     

浅谈《野草》创作的心理过程

文学是作家对社会生活的审美反映，也是作家满怀激情地感受、体验、领悟从而创造艺术美的心理活动过程。文章从形象思维角度分析鲁迅《野草》创作的心理过程，以利于更好地以审美的眼光欣赏和评价它。     

论鲁迅小说寡妇形象的社会意义

鲁迅的小说,是半封建半殖民地旧中国的一面镜子。它真实地反映了从辛亥革命前夕到五卅运动前后中国社会的现买。可以说,它“提供人民认识中国社会和中国历史的价值,比当时所有的经济学家和历史学家所提供的都要丰富的多”。妇女问题,是鲁迅一生十分关切的社会问题。许广平曾说:“鲁迅关心妇女,为解放妇女提供的意见,是很完备的,内容有关婚姻、家庭生活、寡妇、新女性等各个方面的问题。”鲁迅的小说数量不多,但他塑造了一系列令人难忘的妇女形象。值得注意的是,在鲁迅小说     

简析爱伦·坡作品中自我融入的叙述者

爱伦·坡在《丽姬娅》和《危舍府的倒塌》中塑造了自我融入的叙述者形象。叙述者把注意的焦点很少放在想要说明的问题上 ,而是更多地放在不可名状的事件发生时 ,他们自己内心的活动上来。《反常之魔》使我们看到了语言在叙述者和读者身上产生的威力 ,可以帮助我们揭示自我融入的叙述者的行为。《丽姬娅》中有个特别自觉叙述的叙述者 ,从中可以得知语言文字对叙述者所起的作用 ,同样作用于它的读者。《危舍府的倒塌》是由一封奇特的邀请叙述者的信引发的。这些叙述者都塑造得很成功 ,因为他们是那么的自我融入。     

科学中的美感

美感是人对美的一种主观体验。美感过程是人对美的事物的一种感受、体悟、认识过程。无论艺术美感．还是科学美感，都是审美主体与审美对象相互作用而产生的主观感受。科学美感指人们在科学领域里，在客观对象审美属性刺激下所产生的以情感愉悦为主调，同时伴随着感知、想象、思维等多种心理功能协调活动的一种心理状态或心理过程。     

“味”：古代审美体验的基本方式

“味”是中国古代审美体验的基本方式，这种源于《老子》哲学体道方法的审美体验方式具有心灵感受性、新颖独特性、主客共感性及思维想象性等特征。“味”所揭示的审美体验的基本特征和规律，对于古今文学艺术的创作都具有普遍的实用性。因而，在今天，“味”这种审美体验方式仍然具有重要的实用价值和理论意义。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.