烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

具有良好可再生性的新型二氧化硅磁性氧化石墨烯纳米复合材料

Graphene oxide (GO) wrapped Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared by coating the Fe₃O₄ NPs with a SiO₂ layer, and then modifying by amino groups, which interact with the GO nanosheets to form covalent bonding. The SiO₂ coating layer plays a key role in integrating the magnetic nanoparticles with the GO nanosheets. The effect of the amount of SiO₂ on the morphology, structure, adsorption, and regenerability of the composites was studied in detail. An appropriate SiO₂ layer can effectively induce the GO nanosheets to completely wrap the Fe₃O₄ NPs, forming a core-shell Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO composite where Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ NPs are firmly encapsulated by GO nanosheets. The optimized Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@GO sample exhibits a high saturated adsorption capacity of 253 mg·g?1 Pb(II) cations from wastewater, and the adsorption process is well fitted by Langmuir adsorption model. Notably, the composite displays excellent regeneration, maintaining a ~90% adsorption capacity for five cycles, while other samples decrease their adsorption capacity rapidly. This work provides a theoretical guidance to improve the regeneration of the GO-based adsorbents.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

微波预处理对复杂铜矿磨矿及浮选动力学的影响

The effect of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ on the reduction roasting and magnetic separation of high-phosphorus iron ore containing phosphorus in the form of Fe₃PO₇ and apatite was investigated. The results revealed that Na₂CO₃ had the most significant effect on iron recovery and dephosphorization, followed by CaCO₃, the effect of CaF₂ was negligible. The mechanisms of CaCO₃, Na₂CO₃, and CaF₂ were investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM–EDS). Without additives, Fe₃PO₇ was reduced to elemental phosphorus and formed an iron–phosphorus alloy with metallic iron. The addition of CaCO₃ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to generate an enormous amount of Ca₃(PO₄)₂ and promoted the reduction of iron oxides. However, the growth of iron particles was inhibited. With the addition of Na₂CO₃, the phosphorus in Fe₃PO₇ migrated to nepheline and Na₂CO₃ improved the reduction of iron oxides and growth of iron particles. Therefore, the recovery of iron and the separation of iron and phosphorus were the best. In contrast, CaF₂ reacted with Fe₃PO₇ to form fine Ca₃(PO₄)₂ particles scattered around the iron particles, making the separation of iron and phosphorus difficult.     

不同硅饱和系数水榴石的碳酸化分解动力学

Carbonated decomposition of hydrogarnet is one of the vital reactions of the calcification–carbonation method, which is designed to dispose of low-grade bauxite and Bayer red mud and is a novel eco-friendly method. In this study, the effect of the silica saturation coefficient (x) on the carbonation of hydrogarnet was investigated from the kinetic perspective. The results indicated that the carbonation of hydrogarnets with different x values (x = 0.27, 0.36, 0.70, and 0.73) underwent two stages with significantly different rates, and the kinetic mechanisms of the two stages can be described by the kinetic functions R3 and D3. The apparent activation energies at Stages 1 and 2 were 41.96–81.64 and 14.80–34.84 kJ/mol, respectively. Moreover, the corresponding limiting steps of the two stages were interfacial chemical reaction and diffusion.     

一种超重力燃烧合成制备高性能高熵合金的新方法

A new method of high-gravity combustion synthesis (HGCS) followed by post-treatment (PT) is reported for preparing high-performance high-entropy alloys (HEAs), Cr_0.9FeNi_2.5V_0.2Al_0.5 alloy, whereby cheap thermite powder is used as the raw material. In this process, the HEA melt and the ceramic melt are rapidly formed by a strong exothermic combustion synthesis reaction and completely separated under a high-gravity field. Then, the master alloy is obtained after cooling. Subsequently, the master alloy is sequentially subjected to conventional vacuum arc melting (VAM), homogenization treatment, cold rolling, and annealing treatment to realize a tensile strength, yield strength, and elongation of 1250 MPa, 1075 MPa, and 2.9%, respectively. The present method is increasingly attractive due to its low cost of raw materials and the intermediate product obtained without high-temperature heating. Based on the calculation of phase separation kinetics in the high-temperature melt, it is expected that the final alloys with high performance can be prepared directly across master alloys with higher high-gravity coefficients.     

窄板坯结晶器内连铸工艺参数对钢液流场的影响

Computational simulations and high-temperature measurements of velocities near the surface of a mold were carried out by using the rod deflection method to study the effects of various operating parameters on the flow field in slab continuous casting (CC) molds with narrow widths for the production of automobile exposed panels. Reasonable agreement between the calculated results and measured subsurface velocities of liquid steel was obtained under different operating parameters of the CC process. The simulation results reveal that the flow field in the horizontal plane located 50 mm from the meniscus can be used as the characteristic flow field to optimize the flow field of molten steel in the mold. Increases in casting speed can increase the subsurface velocity of molten steel and shift the position of the vortex core downward in the downward circulation zone. The flow field of liquid steel in a 1040 mm-wide slab CC mold can be improved by an Ar gas flow rate of 7 L·min?1 and casting speed of 1.7 m·min?1. Under the present experimental conditions, the double-roll flow pattern is generally stable at a submerged entry nozzle immersion depth of 170 mm.     

电渣重熔脱硫技术研究进展

Electroslag remelting (ESR) gives a combination of liquid metal refining and solidification structure control. One of the typical aspects of liquid metal refining during ESR for the advanced steel and alloy production is desulfurization. It involves two patterns, i.e., slag–metal reaction and gas–slag reaction (gasifying desulfurization). In this paper, the advances in desulfurization practices of ESR are reviewed. The effects of processing parameters, including the initial sulfur level of consumable electrode, remelting atmosphere, deoxidation schemes of ESR, slag composition, melting rate, and electrical parameters on the desulfurization in ESR are assessed. The interrelation between desulfurization and sulfide inclusion evolution during ESR is discussed, and advancements in the production of sulfur-bearing steel at a high-sulfur level during ESR are described. The remaining challenges for future work are also proposed.     

利用皮秒激光烧蚀制备非球形铝纳米颗粒

We report the picosecond laser ablation of aluminum targets immersed in a polar organic liquid (chloroform, CHCl₃) with ~2 ps laser pulses at an input energy of ~350 μJ. The synthesized aluminum nanoparticles exhibited a surface plasmon resonance peak at ~340 nm. Scanning electron microscopy images of Al nanoparticles demonstrated the spherical morphology with an average size of (27 ± 3.6) nm. The formation of smaller spherical Al nanoparticles and the diminished growth could be from the formation of electric double layers on the Al nanoparticles. In addition to spherical aluminum nanoparticles, triangular/pentagonal/hexagonal nanoparticles were also observed in the colloidal solution. Field emission scanning electron microscopy images of ablated Al targets demonstrated laser induced periodic surface structures (LIPSSs), which were the high spatial frequency LIPSSs (HSF-LIPSSs) since their grating period was ~280 nm. Additionally, coarse structures with a period of ~700 nm were observed.     

彭城对外学术交流的新亮点

统计分析了《徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》(ISSN 1007—6573)对外进行学术交流情况，《徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》不仅被美国《数学评论》(MR)、美国《化学》(CA)、俄罗斯《杂志》(AJ)、德国《数学》(Zentralblatt MATH)列为收录刊源，而且，截止2003年4月30日，Zentralblatt MATH数据库累计收录77条，CA收录25条全部来自于2002年《徐州师范大学学报(自然科学版)》。     

《天津师范大学学报》对外学术交流的新动向

统计分析了《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》(ISSN1671-1114)对外进行学术交流情况,《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》不仅被美国《数学评论》(MR)、《化学文摘》(CA);俄罗斯《文摘杂志》(AJ)、德国《数学文摘》(ZentralblattMATH)列为收录刊源,而且,截止2003年11月30日,ZentralblattMATH数据库累计收录31条;CA收录28条全部来自于2003年《天津师范大学学报(自然科学版)》.     

野生黄缘闭壳龟资源分布与濒危机制研究

黄缘闭壳龟属世界珍稀濒危物种,中国重点野生保护动物.20世纪70年代前野生黄缘闭壳龟曾广泛分布于中国的河南、安徽、湖北、湖南、浙江、江苏、广西、台湾等省和琉球群岛,野生资源十分丰富,仅河南信阳大别山区的分布面积多达39万hm~2,野生种群数量约40万只.但自20世纪80年代后,随着盗猎强度的加剧,黄缘闭壳龟的分布区和栖息地遭到地毯式的搜索,猎捕手段的多样化及其过度猎捕致使黄缘闭壳龟野生资源日益枯竭.目前只在河南大别山区、安徽皖南山区、安徽皖西山区等地还有少量野生个体生存,稳定的黄缘闭壳龟野生种群仅分布于台湾和琉球群岛.导致黄缘闭壳龟野生资源濒危的原因主要是其性成熟周期长、种群繁殖力低、栖息地遭受干扰破坏等因素,另外,人类贪婪无尽地对其野生资源的索取是导致黄缘闭壳龟自然种群濒危灭绝的重要原因.加强黄缘闭壳龟保护区的建设与管理,加大打击盗猎行为,提高公众的保护意识,建立生态补偿机制,开展自然种群的恢复与重建是拯救黄缘闭壳龟濒危灭绝的有效措施.     

精准神经外科学的研究进展

 精准医学,指根据个体的基因组学、生活环境、生活习惯等信息,对患者进行个体化疾病诊疗和预防的医学方式。受益于基因组学、影像组学的最新成果,手术、放疗中新技术的出现,精准医学时代的到来为神经外科学发展带来巨大机遇。本文从精准的解剖学定位、精准的脑功能定位、精准手术、神经系统肿瘤的精准诊疗、非肿瘤疾病的精准治疗等方面,阐述精准神经外科学的最新进展。     

GIS技术支持下的江西德兴地区矿山环境地球化学质量评价

采用地质累积指数和污染程度分析,结合GIS空间分析技术,对江西德兴地区进行较系统的环境地球化学质量评价。重点对该区的重金属元素(As,Hg,Cd,Cr,Zn,Cu,Pb)污染进行评价。结果一致表明,德兴地区有不同程度的砷、汞、镉、锌、铜和铅重金属污染,尤其以德兴矿区为中心的区域污染最为严重,而铬几乎没有污染。此外,乐安河中下游沿岸地区、西北方向的煤矿区均有不同程度的重金属污染。     

网络信息时代高校图书馆的创新

从管理创新、业务创新与服务创新3个方面阐述了网络信息时代高校图书馆创新的内涵。指出高校图书馆的创新将集中体现在业务工作标准化,工作手段自动化,信息服务网络化,服务对象社会化,服务工作高效化,图书情报一体化,馆藏载体多样化。馆藏内容专业化,人员结构层次化等方面。     

甘草的生药解剖学研究

观察比较三个甘草种１～４年生主根及根茎内部结构，主根共同特征和次生结构与一般双子叶植物基本相同．各年主根增粗主要是次生维管束个数稍有增多，射线、木射线伸入根中心，致使细胞增多、增大．根茎具有茎次生结构．三个种的粉末可看到淀粉粒、纤维、导管、品鞘纤维、射线薄壁细胞、筛管、棕色块、木栓细胞．     

论教师在新课程背景下的角色定位

随着新一轮基础教育课程改革的全面实施,教师的角色发生了重大的转变.教师应提高认识,创造条件,认真履行好学习的促进者,言传身教的示范者,集体活动的组织者,心理健康的维护者,人际关系的协调者,课程的开发者,教育教学的研究者,终身学习者等多重角色职能.要实现角色转变,必须加强自我更新和培训.     

海洋脊椎动物体内的铜、铁、锌、硒

本文所设计的金属中,铜、铁、锌是海洋无脊椎动物体内的必需元素,它们受到严格的代谢调节,因此这三种元素不大可能产生严重的污染效应。硒是一种稀有元素,也是海洋无脊椎动物体内的不可缺少的元素。同时本文还阐述了它们的生态效益、化学状态,及它们和其他种金属相互关系联及拮抗作用。还有环境工业污染对这些元素的影响。     

地缘博弈中的全球网络空间资源争夺

 采用社会网络分析法和洛伦兹曲线，从网络空间的基础设施和虚拟资源两个方面定量分析了全球网络空间资源分配的格局和现状。结果表明，海底电缆、互联网数据中心和交换中心等网络空间的物理基础设施主要分布在欧洲和北美洲；海底电缆在特定区域汇集，形成了以吕宋海峡、马六甲海峡、苏伊士运河-红海-曼德海峡为主的几大国际互联网数据流量“咽喉”要道；埃及、美国、印度尼西亚、日本、菲律宾、英国、科特迪瓦等国在整个网络结构中处于关键地位，是最重要的枢纽节点；在网络空间虚拟资源分配方面，同样存在严重的分配不均，欧美国家少数的人口占据了大部分网络空间资源；中国在IPv6领域改变了以往的落后局面，但未来仍有很大发展空间。针对研究结果，从海底电缆和数据中心等网络空间基础设施建设、全球网络空间虚拟资源竞争等方面提出了相应的政策建议，并强调要维护国家网络空间主权和国家安全，加强网络新技术的研究和应用，绘制网络空间地理图谱，实现网络空间的“挂图作战”，提高国家网络安全保障能力。