精准神经外科学的研究进展

 精准医学，指根据个体的基因组学、生活环境、生活习惯等信息，对患者进行个体化疾病诊疗和预防的医学方式。受益于基因组学、影像组学的最新成果，手术、放疗中新技术的出现，精准医学时代的到来为神经外科学发展带来巨大机遇。本文从精准的解剖学定位、精准的脑功能定位、精准手术、神经系统肿瘤的精准诊疗、非肿瘤疾病的精准治疗等方面，阐述精准神经外科学的最新进展。

Advances in precision neurosurgery

According to the National Institutes of Health(NIH), the precision medicine is defined as an emerging approach for disease treatment and prevention, with considerations of the variance in genes, environment, and lifestyle for an individual patient. In recent years, new developments in the basic researches, the neuroimaging, the surgery, the neurologic disorders, especially, the neuro-oncology studies, have shed light on the future of the neurosurgery. With the continuous progress of the cancer genomics, the targeted therapy, the stereotactic radiosurgery and the proton therapy, the tumors can be treated precisely, while an increasing number of therapeutic methods can also be found for the non-neoplastic neurologic disorders. This paper reviews the latest techniques and advances of the anatomical structure, the functional localization, the surgery, the diagnosis and treatment of the neoplastic and non-neoplastic disorders of the brain, demonstrating that the neurosurgery has entered a precision era.