黑果菝葜皂甙的化学结构和灭螺活性研究

百合科植物黑果拔葜根茎的甲醇提取物,经硅胶柱层析及制备性薄层层析,分离得到两种甾体皂甙成分——黑果拔葜皂甙 A 和黑果拔葜皂甙 B。通过乙酰化、酸水解、红外光谱、质谱和一些物理常数等的测定,推断黑果拔葜皂甙 A 的化学结构为知母皂甙元-3-0-[β-D-葡萄吡喃糖基(1→?)]-[-L-鼠李吡喃糖基(1→?)]-B-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙。灭螺活性试验表明黑果拔葜粗皂甙及纯品皂甙 A 均有明显的杀螺作用。     

黑叶菝葜中甾体皂甙成分研究

从黑叶菝葜根中首次分得５个甾体甙和１个酚甙，采用化学方法和光谱技术鉴定其结构分别为：熊果甙（Ⅰ），胡萝卜甙（Ⅱ），薯蓣皂甙元－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－４）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ⅲ），薯蓣皂甙元－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－２）］－β－Ｄ－葡萄吡喃糖甙（Ⅳ），薯蓣皂甙（Ⅴ）和孕甾－５，１６－二烯－３β－醇－２０－酮－３－Ｏ－［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃糖基（１－２）］［α－Ｌ－鼠李吡喃     

石香薷中的黄酮体化合物

从石香薷中分出四个黄酮类化合物 ,通过光谱分析及结合标样对照 ,确定其结构分别为 5 ,7 二甲氧基 4’ 羟基黄酮 (1) ,芹菜素 7 O а L鼠李糖 (1→ 4 ) 6” O 乙酰基 β D 葡萄糖甙 (2 ) ,5、7 二甲氧基 4’ O α L 鼠李糖 (1→ 2 ) β D 葡萄糖甙 (3)及金合欢素 7 O 芸香甙 (4) .     

灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙的化学结构和波谱特征

灰毡毛忍冬皂苷乙{Macranthoidin B,3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→4)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→3)-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基-常春藤皂苷}进行了~1H和~(13)C NMR检测,纠正了文献结构式错误,补充和纠正了文献~1HNMR数据,明确区分该化合物19个羟基的归属,通过DEPT、~1H-~1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等1D、2D NMR技术,对该化合物所有的~1H和~(13)C NMR信号进行了全归属和详细解析.     

川续断皂苷乙的化学结构与波谱特征

川续断皂苷乙[Dipsacoside B,3-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)-α-L-吡喃阿拉伯糖基-28-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖-(1→6)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷基-常春藤皂苷]进行了1H和13C NMR检测,补充和纠正了文献1H NMR数据,明确区分该化合物13个羟基的归属,通过DEPT、1H-1H COSY、HSQC、HMBC等1D,2D NMR技术对该化合物所有的1H和13C NMR信号进行了全归属和详细解析,确定了化学结构与波谱特征.     

2-芳基-5-(2′,3′,4′,6′-四-O-乙酰基-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖基)亚胺基1,3,4-噻二唑化合物的合成及其生物活性

将 2 ,3,4 ,6 四 O 乙酰基 β D 吡喃葡萄糖基异硫氰酸酯分别与水合肼和芳醛发生反应 ,得到了希夫碱 芳香醛缩N 氨基 N′ ( 2 ,3,4 ,6 四 O 乙酰基 β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 )硫脲 ,在K3 [Fe(CN) 6]和NaOH存在下于醇液中环化制得 2 芳基 5 ( 2′ ,3′,4′,6′ 四 O 乙酰基 β D 吡喃葡萄糖基 )亚胺基 1,3,4 噻二唑化合物。利用红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对目标化合物进行了结构表征。生物活性初步测试结果表明 ,目标化合物对黄瓜赤霉、棉花立枯、玉米大斑、苹果黑斑、花生褐斑和小麦赤霉菌 6种植树原菌的繁殖均有不同程度的抑制作用     

白蒺藜果实的化学成分研究

采用硅胶柱层析、凝胶柱层析从白蒺藜（Tribulus terrestris L.）醇提液正丁醇萃取层中分离纯化得到8个化合物,运用核磁共振、质谱等光谱方法鉴定结构分别为：N-对羟基苯乙酮基-3-甲氧基-4-羟基取代桂皮酰胺（Ⅰ）,槲皮素-3-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷 (Ⅱ),3′-甲氧基-槲皮素-3-O-β-D 葡萄糖苷(Ⅲ),3′-甲氧基-槲皮素-3-O-β-D-龙胆二糖苷（Ⅳ）,海柯皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡糖基-(1-4)-β-D-吡喃半乳糖苷（Ⅴ）,海柯皂苷元-3-O-β-D-吡喃半乳糖基(1-2)-［β-D-木糖基(1-3)］-β-D-吡喃葡糖基(1-4)-β-D-吡喃-半乳糖苷（Ⅵ）,苯甲酸（Ⅶ）,尿嘧啶核苷（Ⅷ）。其中化合物Ⅳ,Ⅶ,Ⅷ为首次从该植物中分离得到,也是首次从该属植物中分离获得。     

苦瓜皂甙的分离以及PTP1B抑制活性

通过溶剂萃取、大孔树脂D-101去杂、正相硅胶柱粗分、ODS反相硅胶柱反复分离纯化、薄层色谱检测,从苦瓜中分离出5种化合物.借助于ESI-MS、IR、13C NMR、1H NMR、DEPT-NMR等波谱技术,对这5种化合物进行结构鉴定.结果表明,此5种化合物都属于皂甙类,其中化合物A是甾体皂甙,其余4种为四环三萜葫芦烷皂甙.这5个化合物分别为:A为α-菠甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙;B为19(R)-羰基-25-二甲氧基-5β-葫芦烷-6,23-二烯-3β,25-羟基-5-19环氧酯-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙;C为葫芦烷-5-烯-3β,22,23,24,25-五基-3-O-3-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(1→6)-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素A);D为葫芦烷-5,23-二烯-3p,7,25-羟基-9-醛基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素L);E为葫芦烷-5,23-二烯-3β,7-二羟基-9-醛基-25-甲氧基-7-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖甙(苦瓜素K).5种化合物进行PTP1B抑制活性筛选试验,结果表明,这5种皂甙单体中,化合物D和化合物E对PTP1B没有抑制活性,化合物A、B、C对PTP1B有不同程度的抑制活性,其中抑制活性大小为化合物A＞化合物C＞化合物B.     

巴天酸模中的黄酮化合物

从巴天酸模 (PolygonumRumexPatientiaL .)的全草中分离得到 5个黄酮化合物 ,经化学方法和各种光谱数据鉴定了其结构 ,分别是山奈酚 (kaempferol,Ⅰ) ,槲皮素 3 O β D 葡萄糖甙 (quercetin 3 O β D glucoside ,Ⅱ) ,异鼠李素 (isorhamnetin ,Ⅲ ) ,山奈素 3 O β D 葡萄糖甙 (kaempferol 3 O β D glucoside ,Ⅳ )和 5 羟基 4′ 甲氧基黄酮 7 O β 芸香糖甙 ( 5 hydro 4′ methyoxyflavanone 7 O β rutinoside ,Ⅴ ) .化合物Ⅲ、Ⅳ和Ⅴ系首次从该植物中分得     

绵萆薢化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

采用现代分离技术对绵萆薢的化学成分进行了分离纯化,并用波谱技术鉴定其结构.结果从该植物提取物中分离得到8个化合物,分别为:对羟基苯乙酮(1)、4-(对羟基苯基)-2-丁酮(2)、肉桂酸(3)、对羟基苯乙醇(4)、苯酚(5)、1-β-D-呋喃核糖基-1H-1,2,4-三氮唑(6)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→4)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(7)、薯蓣皂苷元-3-O-[α-L-吡喃鼠李糖(1→2)]-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖(8).其中化合物1～6为首次从该植物分离得到,且化合物1、4、5、6是首次从该属植物中分离得到.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.