关于矩阵条件数的一些结论

本文讨论了一些矩阵范数达到极小的充要条件,其主要结果如下:1.设?为m×n实矩阵,且具有n个线性无关的列,则求?广义逆谱条件数等于1的充要条件为?=cI,其中c为正常数.2.设?为n阶非异实矩阵,则矩阵A的求逆p-范数条件数等于1的充要条件为A=cpσ,其中c为正常数,σ是置换阵,其对角元都等于 1或-1.3.设?为n阶非异实矩阵,则矩阵4的求逆F-范数条件数等于1的充要条件为?=cU,其中c为正常数,U为正交阵.     

两类条件数达极小的进一步研究

矩阵求逆条件数 x(A)=‖A‖‖A~(-1)‖在矩阵求逆和求解线性方程组的误差分析中起着重要作用,不少计算数学工作者对矩阵条件数进行了研究,讨论了在不同范数意义下 x(A)达极小的条件。本文讨论了特征值条件数达极小的充要条件,在正则逆存在情况下,将 x-条件数达极小的充要条件推广到最一般情形。本文推广了[5]中的全部结果,推广了[6][7]中的相应结果,且所得结论比[6][7]更简洁,明了。定义1 设 A 为 n 阶方阵,J_A 为 A 的若当标准形,V={B;B~(-1)AB=J_A},矩阵范数‖·‖在矩阵的行交换或列交换下保持不变,则称     

矩阵的谱条件数等于1的充要条件

本文分别给出了矩阵的两种谱条件数等于1的充学条件:1.非异矩阵A的求逆条件数x(A)=‖A‖2‖A~(-1)‖2,x(A)=1的充要条件是,A为某个酉阵的非零常数倍。 2.任给方阵A,■称为A的特征值谱条件数,这里V是将A相似变换成约当标准形的非异矩阵集合。f(A)=1的充要条件是,存在酉矩阵R,使等式R~BAR=J_A。其中J_A为A的约当标准形。     

一类矩阵的逆奇异值问题

讨论了一类矩阵的逆奇异值问题.给定非负实数1σ,2σ,…,nσ,两非零实向量x=(x1,x2,…,xm)T,y=(y1,y2,…,yn)T,求m×n阶实矩阵A,使得1σ,2σ,…,σn为A的奇异值,并且x,y分别为A的左右奇异向量.基于Householder变换和矩阵秩1的修正方法得到了问题的算法,而且算法比较经济且易于并行,同时给出了相应的数值例子.     

加边矩阵与广义逆矩阵

设A为一任意m×n矩阵,对A按定理1的条件来加边得可逆矩阵且若则C_1为A的广义逆矩阵A~(1,2,3). 设A为一复数域上的矩阵。所谓A的广义逆矩阵A~(1 2 3 4)(一般用A~ 表示)是指同时满足下列四个条件的矩阵X: (1)AXA=A, (2)XAX=X, (3)(AX)~*=AX, (4)(XA)~*=XA, 其中符号M~*表示矩阵M的共轭转置。假若X仅满足上述四个条件的一部分,如满足条件(1),则称X为A的广义逆矩阵A~(?);若满足条件(1)、(2)、(3),则称它为广义逆矩阵A~(1,2,3);依次类推。此类求广义逆矩阵的问题,在某些应用中曾被提出,例如在数理统计中的Gauss-Markoff模型,作参数的最小二乘法估计时就有所涉及。林春土就A为方阵时,给出了加边矩阵(其中A为p×p阶矩阵,K和H分别为p×r阶矩阵和r×p阶矩阵)可逆的充要条件,从而在实数域上给出了一个求广义逆矩阵A~(1,2)的方法。本文推广上述结果,对于在复数域上的一般矩阵A(m×n阶矩阵),给出了加边矩阵(i)(其中K和H分别为m×k_2阶和k_1×n阶矩阵)可逆的一个充分条件,并且从而在复数域上给出了一个求广义逆矩阵A~(1 2 3)的方法。     

实方阵的次正定性

设A为n阶实矩阵(不一定对称),若对任意非零向量X=(x1,x2…xn)T∈Rn,均有XSTAX＞0,其中XST表示X的次转置[1],则称A是次正定方阵.给出了实方阵次正定性的几个充要条件.n阶实方阵是次正定的充分必要条件是(1)n阶实方阵JA正定;(2)A的次对称分量S是次正定的;(3)存在n阶可逆方阵P使PSTAP为次对角行矩阵;(4)存在n阶可逆矩阵P,使PSTSP=J.     

关于R斜共轭矩阵的若干性质

令R∈Cn×n为一个非平凡卷积矩阵,即R-1=R≠±I.如果复数域上的一个n阶矩阵A满足RAR=-A,则A称为n阶R斜共轭矩阵.该文给出了一个R斜共轭矩阵的若干性质.对于复数域上的n阶R斜共轭矩阵A,首先给出了A的分解表达式. 然后依次证明了求解方程组Az=w,A的逆,A的Moore-Penrose逆,以及A特征值等问题都可归结为求解对A作分解后得到的相应实矩阵的对应问题,从而简化了R斜共轭矩阵的计算.     

一类广义非负循环矩阵的逆谱问题

非负矩阵的逆谱问题是：确定一个n元复数组σ=（λ0;λ1,…,λn-1）是某个n阶非负矩阵的谱的充要条件．结合广义循环矩阵的性质,对一类非负τ循环矩阵的逆谱问题进行讨论,给出它有解的充要条件及其构造性算法,并在此基础上进行推广,继而给出非负中心对称循环矩阵逆谱问题有解的充要条件及其构造性算法．最后结合具体实例证实其算法的有效性和实用性．     

两个谱任意模式

设λ1,λ2,...,λn(可以相同)为实矩阵A的所有特征值,记为σ(A)=(λ1,λ2,...,λn).n阶符号模式矩阵S=(sij)是指元素取自{ ,-,0}的矩阵,S的定性矩阵类是指集合Q(S)={A=(aij)∈M\{n\}(R):对所有的i和j,sign(aij)=sij},记σ(S)={σ(A):A∈Q(S)}.设S为n阶符号模式矩阵,λ1,λ2,…,λn为n个任意复数,若λ1,λ2,…,λn中的虚数都与其共轭复数成对出现时,便存在A∈Q(S),使得σ(A)=(λ1,λ2,…,λn),则称S为谱任意模式.在本文中,我们得到两个谱任意模式.     

实方阵的次正定性

设A为n阶实矩阵（不一定对称）,若对任意非零向量X＝（x1,x3…xn)^T∈R^n,均有X^STAX＞0,其中X^ST表示X的次转置,则称A是次正定方阵。给出了实方阵次正定性的几个充要条件。n阶实方阵是次正定的充分必要条件是（1）n阶实方阵JA正定;（2）A的次对称分量S是次正定的;（3）存在n阶可逆方阵P使P^STAP为次对角行矩阵;（4）存在n阶可逆矩阵P,使P^STSP＝J。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-