锦纶纤维活性染料染色条件探讨

采用毛用和棉用活性染料对锦纶纤维染色,详细讨论了染色温度、染浴pH值、染色和皂洗方法对染色深度和固色率的影响,分析了不同类型的活性染料对染色条件的敏感性。活性染料对锦纶纤维的染色深度、固着率和固着效率受温度、pH值、染料母体结构和活性基的影响很大。毛用活性染料更适合于锦纶纤维的染色,普通乙烯砜硫酸酯及乙烯砜硫酸酯/一氯均三嗪染料可有选择性地加以使用,毛用活性染料合适的染色pH值约为4,其它染料适用的pH值因品种而异.采用酸性染色或先酸性后碱性的染色条件均可,后者的优点是固着效率高,但染色深度未见提高,染色后采用碱性条件皂洗有利于染色深度的提高.     

真丝绸双活性基染料染色应用探讨

通过分析固色碱剂种类及其用量、中性盐用量、染色温度等因素对双活性基染料在蚕丝织物染色中的影响,初步探讨该染料在真丝织物上的键合性能.研究表明:该染料对真丝染色较对棉的条件温和得多,在温度为80℃、pH值为9.0时,对真丝有较好的染色效果,且能满足生产需要的牢度指标.     

稀土在真丝绸染色中作用机理探讨

通过测定在不同pH条件下,Yb3 + 在蚕丝纤维上的吸附;Yb3 + 对染料可见吸收光谱曲线的影响 ,以及YbCl3 在不同 pH条件下对上染百分率和染色牢度的影响 ,讨论了在真丝绸染色中 ,Yb3 + 与染料和纤维之间的作用 ,以研究稀土在真丝绸染色中的作用机理 结果表明 ,稀土离子在pH值大于蚕丝的等电点时 ,具有促染作用 ,主要是改变纤维表面电性的结果 在 pH值小于蚕丝等电点时 ,YbCl3 具有缓染作用 由于稀土离子与染料和纤维之间的作用 ,使染色牢度提高 ,这种作用主要是离子间的作用 ,络合作用不明显     

球衣菌对染料的耐受性及其脱色特性研究

从福州祥坂污水处理厂的活性污泥混合液中分离到1株球衣菌,并就其对染料的耐受性及脱色特性进行了研究.结果表明,该菌株对直接耐晒黑、酸性黑ATT等偶氮染料具有良好的耐受性,对碱性橙、碱性棕染料耐受性一般,而对孔雀石绿和碱性品蓝等染料的耐受性较差.综合考虑耐受性及脱色效果,选择酸性黑ATT作为脱色实验染料.该菌对酸性黑ATT的最大耐受极限为1.9 g/L.其脱色效果受温度、pH值、装液量和培养时间的影响较大.酸性黑ATT的最佳脱色条件为:pH值为7.0,温度为28 ℃,培养基装液量为60 mL,接种量为4%,培养时间为4 d.在此条件下,菌株对酸性黑ATT的脱色率可达93.30%.     

基于温度敏感线型聚合物的染料废水脱色研究

用自由基聚合法合成了以N-异丙基丙烯酰胺和亚氨基二乙酸为原料的二元线型聚合物聚N-异丙基丙烯酰胺二元线型聚合物(PNIPAAm-IDA),聚合物具有温度敏感性.并用此聚合物对碱性品红染料模拟废水进行脱色研究,考察了溶液pH值、聚合物加入量、染料初始浓度等因素对脱色处理效果的影响,确定了适宜的处理条件.实验结果表明:该聚合物具有明显的脱色作用,当聚合物的质量分数为0.5 %时,对于pH值为3.0,初始浓度低于50 mg/L(色度为16 000)的染料废水,脱色率可达95 %以上.     

活性染料染色动力学研究——(Ⅰ)磺酰氟型、乙烯砜型及氯乙酰型活性染料的吸附舆固着

用磺酰氟型、乙烯碸型及氯乙酰型活性染料在棉纖維与柞絲綢上染色,測定了它們的吸附率与固着率。討論了溫度及电解質的用量对纖維吸附率的影响。以碳酸鈉为固着剂測定了染料在纖維上的固着率。     

酸性可染丙纶染色工艺的探讨

采用共混改性的方法,研制出酸性可染丙纶,探讨了BCPA含量、染料种类、温度、pH值对丙纶染色性能的影响.结果表明,当BCPA含量为8%,选用弱酸性染料,适当控制染色温度和染浴pH值就可获得良好的可染性.     

乙烯砜型活性染料水解率模型的研究

研究了乙烯砜型活性染料的水解反应,且将水解反应简化为一级串行反应,并建立了水解率动力学模型.以C.I.活性蓝19为例,测定了该染料在温度为50℃和pH值为10条件下的水解速率常数,并在该条件下利用建立的水解率动力学模型计算不同时刻下活性染料的水解率,并与实际测得的水解率进行比较.实验结果表明,理论分析与实际相吻合.     

Fenton试剂处理染料废水的试验

采用Fenton试剂处理碱性紫染料废水,考察pH值、H2O2和Fe2 投加量、反应温度等对脱色效果的影响.实验结果表明,当碱性紫的初始浓度为50 mg.L-1,反应温度为25℃,pH值为3.0,H2O2投加量为0.5Qth,n(H2O2)∶n(Fe2 )为10∶1的条件下,脱色率可达98%以上.在相同条件下,Fenton试剂对甲基橙和亚甲基蓝染料废水均取得满意的处理效果.     

膨胀石墨对活性染料水溶液的吸附脱色作用

研究了膨胀石墨对活性艳红K-2BP和活性嫩黄K-4G这2种酸性染料水溶液的吸附脱色作用,考察了浓度、用量、pH值、温度对2种染料废水脱色率的影响.结果表明:脱色率均随着pH值的增大而增加,相同pH值时的脱色率随着浓度的降低而增大,不同浓度下脱色率随着石墨用量的增加而增大,随温度的升高而增大,温度对活性艳红K-2BP吸附的影响较活性嫩黄K-4G的大.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.