■ukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中的赋值决定公式问题

为了在经典逻辑学中建立Fuzzy分离规则的推理模式,Zadeh提出了赋值决定公式问题(VDF问题),并已于二值命题逻辑以及Lukasiewicz三值和p 1值命题逻辑中得到解决.文中在更一般的Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中建立了VDF问题的求解理论,首先给出了一般的Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中VDF的合理性条件,其次构造性地解决了Ln、La和Lc中的VDF问题.     

n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中公式的矛盾度理论

在n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中运用公式的矛盾度概念,讨论了公式矛盾度的部分重要性质,给出了Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中的矛盾度并推理规则,进而讨论了矛盾度与推理规则之间的关系.     

Lukasiewicz三值逻辑中命题的真度值之集在［0,1］上的分布

利用势为三的非均匀概率空间的无穷乘积,在Lukasiewicz三值命题逻辑系统L-3中引入命题的真度概念,给出了真度推理规则,证明了在三值逻辑(a/5,b/5,c/5)测度下全体公式的真度值之集在［0,1］上是稠密的,并给出了公式真度的表达通式,为进一步建立三值命题逻辑系统的近似推理奠定了基础。     

Lukasiewicz区间值命题逻辑的广义重言式

给出一个新区间值的定义,在此基础上进一步给出了Lukasiewicz区间值逻辑代数及其广义重言式的定义.同时由一类特殊的公式序列Ak,k=1,2,…,证明了可达-a-重言式类类不空和类类互异定理在Lukasiewicz区间值命题逻辑中也成立.     

命题逻辑公式的相似度与距离之研究

将Lukasiewicz模糊命题逻辑系统中公式A和B积分相似度ξ(A,B)与自然的距离ρ(A,B)的概念推广到模糊命题逻辑系统L*、G(o)d和∏中,并讨论了它们之间的关系.讨论的结果表明:在Lukasiewicz模糊命题逻辑系统中,它们之间的关系为:ξ(A,B)=1-ρ(A,B),而在G(o)d∏和L*中此关系不成立.最后还研究了这四个逻辑系统中公式的积分相似度和自然的距离的性质.     

n值Lukasiewicz逻辑中命题的条件真度理论

利用条件概率的思想在n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑中引入公式的条件真度概念,并给出条件真度的一些性质;利用条件真度定义公式相似度,进而导出全体公式集上的一种伪距离,这为n值Lukasiewicz逻辑系统中给出在信息∑下的近似推理理论提供了一种可能的框架.     

三值Lukasiewicz逻辑中命题的条件真度理论

利用条件概率的思想在Lukasiewicz三值命题逻辑中引入公式的条件真度概念,并给出条件真度的一些性质;以条件真度定义公式相似度,进而导出全体公式集上的一种伪距离,这为三值Lukasiewicz逻辑系统中给出在信息Г下的近似推理理论提供了一种可能的框架.     

n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中公式的绝对真度理论

在n值Lukasiewicz命题逻辑系统中,回避均匀概率空间中的无穷乘积测度,借助逻辑公式A所诱导的函数引入逻辑公式A的绝对真度概念,并利用绝对真度定义公式间的绝对相似度和伪距离.讨论绝对相似度和伪距离性质.证明┑,→,∧,∨运算在伪距离空间中是连续的.     

有限理论结论基于根的余式和结论集的表示

二值命题逻辑系统中理论的结论集是逻辑推理研究的基本对象,对其结构进行分析是逻辑推理研究中需要解决的问题。通过公式是有限理论结论的结构性条件,引入了有限理论结论的基于有限理论根的余式概念,在逻辑等价意义下将有限理论的结论分解成理论的根和对应的余式两部分,并进一步讨论了余式的性质。利用有限理论结论集的一般表示,得到了结论集的相关结果,为二值命题逻辑系统的逻辑推理和程度化的进一步研究提供方法。     

连续值逻辑系统中的代换定理

在舍弃了经典逻辑系统中公理L1的基础上建立了一类模糊命题逻辑的准形式演绎系统L^*G-R，并在此基础上研究了模糊逻辑系统中的代换定理，为进一步研究模糊命题逻辑系统的完备性奠定了一定的基础．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-