胎肝间充质干细胞治疗实验性糖尿病小鼠的研究

目的:研究胎肝间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化和治疗1型糖尿病的可行性.方法: 用贴壁筛选法从正常C57BL/6j胎鼠(孕11.5～15.5 d)肝脏中分离出胎肝间充质干细胞,用高浓度葡萄糖、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)和尼克酰胺体外诱导胎肝间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化;制作1型糖尿病小鼠模型,并将诱导后的细胞移植到1型糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下,连续6周观察血糖变化;用组织学分析移植细胞体内的发育.结果:胎肝间充质干细胞来源的胰岛β样细胞移植到糖尿病小鼠肾被膜下后,具有一定的降低血糖的作用,经过6周以后,接近正常水平;取出移植物,小鼠高血糖重新出现,并很快死亡;移植物作免疫组织化学染色,可以观察到肾被膜下区含有大量胰岛素阳性细胞.结论:胎肝间充质干细胞有望成为1型糖尿病胰岛移植的种子细胞.     

胎肝Sca-1+细胞治疗STZ诱导小鼠糖尿病的实验研究

目的探讨小鼠胎肝组织中的干细胞抗原1阳性的细胞(Sca-1+细胞)治疗链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病鼠的潜能.方法取14.5 d的C57BL/6J小鼠胎肝,制作细胞悬液,用单克隆免疫磁珠细胞分离技术分离Sca-1+细胞,将2×105个雄性小鼠Sca-1+细胞输注到STZ诱导的C57BL/6J雌性小鼠体内,以后每7 d定时测定小鼠血糖,第38 d处死受体小鼠取胰腺组织固定、切片,免疫组化观察胰腺组织中胰岛素阳性的β细胞变化.结果小鼠胎肝Sca 1+细胞能够有效抑制STZ诱导小鼠血糖的持续升高,明显降低糖尿病鼠的死亡率.受体小鼠胰岛细胞结构清楚,其中可见表达胰岛素的β细胞,荧光原位杂交显示小鼠胰岛内有Y染色体阳性杂交点.结论小鼠胎肝Sca-1+细胞具有一定的治疗小鼠糖尿病的作用.     

人脐带间充质干细胞在肝部分切除模型大鼠体内向肝样细胞的分化

目的:探讨人脐带间充质干细胞(MSCs)移植到肝部分切除模型大鼠体内能否存活并分化为肝样细胞.方法:用胶原酶消化法从人的脐带分离出MSCs,培养并检测人脐带来源的MSCs的细胞表面标志.取第5代人脐带MSCs用PKH26标记,制作大鼠肝部分切除模型,将标记的细胞经门静脉植入大鼠体内,观察移植后第1、2、3周细胞能否存活,以及移植细胞能否向肝样细胞分化,表达肝细胞的标记物白蛋白.结果:人脐带MSCs能在体外大量扩增,移植到肝部分切除模型大鼠肝脏后细胞能存活,并表达肝细胞标记物白蛋白,PKH26标记后细胞在荧光显微镜下发红色荧光,荧光显微镜下可见肝脏冰冻切片中散在分布的标记细胞,免疫荧光染色大多数标记细胞白蛋白染色阳性,并发绿色荧光.结论:人脐带间充质干细胞移植至大鼠体内能够存活并分化为肝样细胞,人脐带间充质干细胞可能作为肝细胞移植的重要来源.     

人胎骨髓MSCs的分离鉴定及其向脂肪和成骨细胞的分化

目的:分离鉴定人胎骨髓中的间充质样干细胞(m esenchym al-like stem cell,MSCs),探索其体外培养的生物学特性。方法:利用细胞差速贴壁生长特性分离纯化人胎骨髓间充质样干细胞;利用流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和表面标志;添加常规诱导液诱导其向脂肪、成骨方向分化,并利用特异性细胞化学染色法加以鉴定。结果:从人胎骨髓中成功分离、纯化得到间充质样干细胞,P4代细胞有92.3%的细胞处于G0/G1期;P5代细胞有96.1%的细胞处于G0/G1期;流式细胞仪检测P3代细胞结果显示:人胎骨髓MSC表达CD15、CD29、CD44、CD105、CD106和CD166,不表达造血细胞标志CD34、CD45,不表达与GVHD相关的HLA-DR、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD40L。在经典的诱导条件下,人胎骨髓MSCs可迅速向脂肪及成骨方向分化。结论:人胎骨髓中含有丰富的间充质样干细胞,具有较强的多向分化潜能,且免疫原性弱,是组织工程的较为理想的种子细胞。     

高糖诱导人脐血间充质干细胞向胰岛样细胞分化

目的:探讨脐血间充质干细胞向胰岛样细胞分化的潜能.方法:分离脐血有核细胞,将其置于MesencultTM培养基中进行培养,并利用贴壁法进行纯化、扩增.扩增后的脐血间充质干细胞用含体积分数5%胎牛血清的H-DMEM持续诱导.采用胰岛素免疫荧光染色对诱导后的细胞进行鉴定,定量检测胰岛素分泌水平及其对葡萄糖刺激的反应性.结果:诱导后,细胞形态发生明显变化,变圆而且聚集成团;细胞的胰岛素免疫荧光染色为阳性;而且细胞能分泌少量胰岛素,并对糖刺激具有反应性.结论:在高糖环境中,脐血间充质干细胞具有向胰岛样细胞分化的潜能.     

骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌分化的研究进展

目的:介绍骨髓间充质干细胞向心肌细胞分化的研究进展.方法:综合分析近年来国内外相关文献资料.结果:骨髓间充质干细胞在体内、外均可分化为心肌细胞.结论:骨髓间充质干细胞有望成为心衰干细胞移植治疗的理想细胞材料.     

体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞向胰岛β样细胞分化的研究

目的：探讨体外诱导人骨髓间充质干细胞（ＭＳＣs）向胰岛β样细胞分化。方法：在无菌条件下从正常成人骨髓中分离间充质干细胞,体外培养传3代后用表皮生长因子（epidermal growth factor,EGF）、β-巯基乙醇和高糖培养基诱导MSCs向胰岛β样细胞分化。观察MSCs在诱导前后的形态变化;用胰岛素免疫细胞化学染色检测胰岛素的表达;用双硫腙染色鉴定胰岛β样细胞。结果：未经诱导的MSCs在培养体系中呈贴壁生长,长梭形,经诱导分化后,细胞逐渐变圆,并聚集成团;胰岛素免疫细胞化学表明细胞团内的细胞呈胰岛素染色强阳性反应：双硫腙染色阳性。结论：人骨髓间充质干细胞可在体外被定向诱导分化为胰岛β样细胞。     

骨髓间充质干细胞向肝样细胞分化的研究进展

摘要: 由各种因素导致的重症肝病的终末治疗的最好手段一直是原位肝移植,但长期以来肝供体的缺乏和免疫排斥引起的一系列问题极大地限制了该手术的运用,同时,在肝脏相关药物的筛选中,原代肝细胞难于培养且易在培养过程中变异,而随着骨髓间充质干细胞研究的深入,越来越多的证据表明骨髓间充质干细胞具有向肝细胞分化的潜能。因此,骨髓间充质干细胞诱导分化而成的肝样细胞在再生医疗和药物筛选领域具有较好的运用前景,本文就间充质干细胞的分离培养及其生物学特性,肝样细胞的诱导培养条件,生物学特性及其运用前景加以综述。     

人骨髓间充质干细胞对小鼠神经干细胞增殖与分化培养的影响

通过在体外培养、鉴定人的骨髓间充质干细胞与小鼠神经干细胞,用骨髓间充质干细胞条件培养基分别在增殖与分化条件下对神经干细胞进行培养.发现,间充质干细胞条件培养基在增殖条件下能加快神经球内神经干细胞的迁移,使神经球解聚,对神经干细胞增殖没有影响;而间充质干细胞条件培养基在分化条件下,能增加神经干细胞向少突胶质细胞分化的能力,降低向星型胶质细胞的分化能力,对向神经元分化能力没有影响,间充质干细胞可能是通过促进神经干细胞迁移、分化而加快神经损伤的修复的.     

人胎肝MSCs的分离、鉴定及其向脂肪和成骨细胞的分化

目的:分离纯化人胎肝中的间充质样干细胞(mesenchymal-like stem cells,MSCs),观察化学因子诱导其定向分化的作用,并初步鉴定其生物学特性.方法:利用二步离心法、羟乙基淀粉沉淀法及细胞差速贴壁生长特性分离纯化人胎肝MSCs;流式细胞仪检测其细胞周期和表面标志;添加常规诱导液诱导其向脂肪、成骨细胞分化并加以鉴定.结果:从人胎肝中成功分离纯化得到MSCs,P3代细胞有91.2%的细胞处于GO/G1期;表达CD29、CD44、CD105和CD166,不表达造血细胞标志CD15、CD34、CD45,不表达与GVHD相关的HLA-DR、CD80、CD86、CD40、CD40L.在经典诱导条件下,人胎肝MSCs可向脂肪及成骨细胞分化.结论:人胎肝中含有较丰富的MSCs,人胎肝MSCs具有多向分化潜能,且免疫原性弱,是组织工程和细胞治疗较为理想的种子细胞.     

Endothelial and perivascular cells maintain haematopoietic stem cells

Several cell types have been proposed to create niches for haematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). However, the expression patterns of HSC maintenance factors have not been systematically studied and no such factor has been conditionally deleted from any candidate niche cell. Thus, the cellular sources of these factors are undetermined. Stem cell factor (SCF; also known as KITL) is a key niche component that maintains HSCs. Here, using Scf(gfp) knock-in mice, we found that Scf was primarily expressed by perivascular cells throughout the bone marrow. HSC frequency and function were not affected when Scf was conditionally deleted from haematopoietic cells, osteoblasts, nestin-cre- or nestin-creER-expressing cells. However, HSCs were depleted from bone marrow when Scf was deleted from endothelial cells or leptin receptor (Lepr)-expressing perivascular stromal cells. Most HSCs were lost when Scf was deleted from both endothelial and Lepr-expressing perivascular cells. Thus, HSCs reside in a perivascular niche in which multiple cell types express factors that promote HSC maintenance.     

Can B cells turn on virgin T cells?

The first event in the initiation of an immune response is the capture and presentation of antigen to T cells. Such presentation involves two distinct steps: (1) display of the antigen, which requires uptake, processing and re-expression of the antigen in association with MHC molecules on the presenting cell surface; and (2) triggering, in which the presenting cell provides signals leading to the activation of the responding T cell. Two sorts of cells can capture antigens, the 'professional' antigen-presenting cells (APCs) such as dendritic cells and macrophages, and the B cells. Both types of cells can display antigens and the APCs are known to be able to trigger resting T cells. But despite in vitro evidence that certain B-cell types can reactivate previously-activated T cells, it is not yet clear whether a B cell can initiate an immune response by providing the signals necessary to activate a resting T cell. We reasoned that resting B cells should not have this capacity because of the problems this would present with tolerance to self idiotypes. By exploiting the unique properties of the avian haematopoietic system, we have examined the presenting capacity of B cells in vivo and found that resting B cells are indeed unable to activate resting T cells.     

Pten dependence distinguishes haematopoietic stem cells from leukaemia-initiating cells

Recent advances have highlighted extensive phenotypic and functional similarities between normal stem cells and cancer stem cells. This raises the question of whether disease therapies can be developed that eliminate cancer stem cells without eliminating normal stem cells. Here we address this issue by conditionally deleting the Pten tumour suppressor gene in adult haematopoietic cells. This led to myeloproliferative disease within days and transplantable leukaemias within weeks. Pten deletion also promoted haematopoietic stem cell (HSC) proliferation. However, this led to HSC depletion via a cell-autonomous mechanism, preventing these cells from stably reconstituting irradiated mice. In contrast to leukaemia-initiating cells, HSCs were therefore unable to maintain themselves without Pten. These effects were mostly mediated by mTOR as they were inhibited by rapamycin. Rapamycin not only depleted leukaemia-initiating cells but also restored normal HSC function. Mechanistic differences between normal stem cells and cancer stem cells can thus be targeted to deplete cancer stem cells without damaging normal stem cells.     

Stem cells, cancer, and cancer stem cells.

Stem cell biology has come of age. Unequivocal proof that stem cells exist in the haematopoietic system has given way to the prospective isolation of several tissue-specific stem and progenitor cells, the initial delineation of their properties and expressed genetic programmes, and the beginnings of their utility in regenerative medicine. Perhaps the most important and useful property of stem cells is that of self-renewal. Through this property, striking parallels can be found between stem cells and cancer cells: tumours may often originate from the transformation of normal stem cells, similar signalling pathways may regulate self-renewal in stem cells and cancer cells, and cancer cells may include 'cancer stem cells' - rare cells with indefinite potential for self-renewal that drive tumorigenesis.