基于KULI的某轿车冷却系统匹配研究

为解决目前发动机冷却系统开发过程中流程复杂、性能过剩等问题,结合实车项目对某轿车冷却系统进行了匹配研究。以某紧凑型自然吸气轿车的冷却系统为研究对象,基于发动机热平衡试验数据和整车结构参数,选取高速高档、爬坡6%和爬坡10%作为匹配工况,对散热器和冷却风扇进行匹配设计。利用KULI软件对所匹配的冷却系统进行一维建模,并进行性能仿真,最后对试验样车进行了热害试验。研究结果表明,在全部设计工况下,仿真模拟和热害试验得出的散热器控制温度基本吻合,其误差均低于2%,因此所匹配的冷却系统能够满足整车要求。该匹配方法有效缩短了设计周期、降低了设计成本。     

轻型载货汽车冷却系统设计

随着柴油机向高速、大功率、高效率方向发展,发动机对冷却系统的要求越来越高,冷却系统与发动机的匹配与否,直接关系到发动机的使用寿命、工作效率等,因此正确的匹配发动机的冷却系统是一个重要课题。文章主要介绍轻型载货汽车冷却系统的设计原则、匹配设计的方法、步骤,并结合某款车型冷却系统的设计,对该系列车型的散热器的选用、风扇的匹配进行了验算。     

工程机械车辆发动机冷却系统仿真与优化

文章分析工程机械车辆发动机冷却系统基本原理及主要部件性能,采用AMESim仿真软件搭建冷却系统的仿真模型,基于风洞实验验证模型的准确性;研究环境温度、水泵传动比以及散热器翅片波距对冷却系统的影响,并探讨冷却系统性能的优化路径。结果表明,环境温度过高会使冷却系统性能显著下降,适当提高水泵传动比和降低散热器翅片波距可以提高冷却系统的冷却性能。该文设计的2款散热器通过优化散热器翅片波距提高了冷却系统性能。     

江淮中型卡车冷却系统的设计

文章介绍了江淮中卡冷却系统的开发、设计与计算,重点对冷却系统影响较大的因素如风扇、水泵、散热器,以及对整车散热量影响较大的因素如发动机、中冷器、冷凝器进行了详细的匹配计算,目的是使整个热循环系统能满足在恶劣情况下的使用要求。     

基于AMESim的农用发动机冷却散热器仿真分析与优化设计

以典型农用发动机冷却系统为研究对象,开展了基于AMESim仿真软件的建模、仿真分析与核心部件优化设计研究。在对发动机冷却系统基本结构及工作原理的分析基础上,应用AMESim软件中的冷却系统库、热力库、热液压库及信号控制库建立了发动机冷却系统的一维仿真模型。首先通过仿真计算分析发动机冷却系统中散热器的工作性能,并通过仿真值与试验值的对比,证实了所建立的AMESim仿真模型的可靠性,为冷却系统关键部件优化设计提供了模型与技术支持。然后,进行冷却系统散热器有效正面积优化设计的仿真研究,结果表明,发动机冷却系统对散热器的宽度更敏感,合理增大散热器有效正面积可以提高冷却系统对发动机的冷却效果。     

基于AMESim的农用发动机冷却散热器仿真与优化设计

以典型农用发动机冷却系统为研究对象,开展了基于AMESim仿真软件的建模、仿真分析与核心部件优化设计研究。在对发动机冷却系统基本结构及工作原理的分析基础上,应用AMESim软件中的冷却系统库、热力库、热液压库及信号控制库建立了发动机冷却系统的一维仿真模型。首先通过仿真计算分析发动机冷却系统中散热器的工作性能,并通过仿真值与试验值的对比,证实了所建立的AMESim仿真模型的可靠性,为冷却系统关键部件优化设计提供了模型与技术支持。然后,进行冷却系统散热器有效正面积优化设计的仿真研究。结果表明,发动机冷却系统对散热器的宽度更敏感,合理增大散热器有效正面积可以提高冷却系统对发动机的冷却效果。     

“新曙光”号动车用胀接式散热器渗漏原因分析

双流道机械胀接式散热器在东风11型内燃机车等车型上运用情况良好的情况下,在"新曙光"号动车组1年多的运行期间里,却频繁发生散热器的渗漏事故。经过细致的检查分析发现,散热器冷却水流速过快导致散热器管端发生冲蚀磨损是散热器发生渗漏事故的主要原因。通过散热器水腔结构的改进设计以及降低水泵流量等措施,最终很好解决了散热器的渗漏问题。     

通过热平衡试验探讨冷却系统的设计改善

文章通过对某公司载货汽车的一系列热平衡试验及不合格车型的改善结果,分别从发动机冷却系统的工作环境(冷却风扇、护风罩及防热风回流装置等)和散热器总成的结构(芯子材质、散热管规格及散热带节距等)方面,探讨了散热性能的影响因素和行之有效的改善方法。并采用国际上通用的-εNTU热传导计算方法,举例说明某款轻型卡车发动机冷却系统匹配计算的优化。     

某天然气发动机重卡整车热平衡试验分析

以某天然气发动机重卡整车热平衡试验为例,重点介绍热平衡试验测试系统的搭建,包括车辆准备、传感器安装、测试方法以及数据的处理分析。通过发动机出水温度与环境温度的差值、中冷前后的空气温度和环境温度的差值等参数,对试验车辆冷却系统的散热能力进行分析和评价,为整车冷却系统的设计提供了有效的验证方法,对冷却系统的设计和开发具有一定的指导意义。     

某增压车型冷却系统换热分析与验证

为了验证冷却系统换热分析精度,建立冷却系统换热分析模型。通过发舱CFD分析及发动机台架热平衡试验确定系统建模边界,以冷却系统管路模型建立一维换热分析模型,进行典型工况下的冷却系统分析,并将温度结果与整车风洞试验温度数据对比,验证分析的精确度,明确换热分析在冷却系统开发中的意义。通过计算温度与试验数据对比可知,仿真结果与试验数据较接近,说明冷却系统换热分析具有较高的精确度,可以应用于整车冷却系统开发过程中。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.