文本文件的语音识别中音节的自动切分

汉语语音识别中对孤立词、小词汇特定人的语音识别率较高，但对于连续的大词汇量语音识别率较差。把连续的大词汇语音实时自动地切分为单个音节，可以提高其系统的识别率。本文根据汉语语音在能量和频率等方面的特征，找到了短时平均幅度和短时平均过零率的方法来检测音节的端点，从而得到对文本文件中汉语语音的音节自动切分算法。     

基于SB卡的语音识别实时仿真系统

讨论了基于声霸（ＳＢ）卡的语音识别系统的设计，包括卡的驱动及回放、信号的检测及特征提取、非线性匹配识别过程。试验表明，该系统在普通实验室条件下正确识别率可达９０％左右。     

汉语语音连接词的分段和识别

本文提出一种汉语语音连接词音节分割方法。根据汉语语音学知识分析了语音分段中的四种音节连接方式,除了短时能量和过零率外在处理鼻辅音连接时采用了预测误差的微分△E和信号能量的微分△E_s两个特征。综合分段算法可以确定语音串中音节的边界。当输入速度为4～5音节时分割成功率达97.5％。我们采用此方法对定人发音的数字串和连接词进行一系列识别实验、识别结果验证了方法是简便和有效的。     

一个提取汉语语音特征的微机系统

本文介绍一个提取汉语语音特征系统。系统是以十六位微处理器M68000单板机为核心组成的。它能对输入语音进行短时能量和短时过零率等重要语音参数的计算,并能完成语音信号的线性予测分析。在充分利用M68000的计算能力和指令系统的灵活性情况下,此系统既可获得快的信号处理速度,又满足了所需的十六位动态计算精度。所取得的结果指标远远超过了以八位微处理器组成的任何微型机能达到的水平。 对系统的硬件结构组成和用汇编语言编制的软件标法等作了详细的介绍。 此外,在判别汉语语音音节起点和终点方面,利用短时能量本文提出了一种新方法,并给出了某些重要实验结果。 此项研究为下一步的汉语语音识别提供了所需的全部主要特征参数。     

一种新型语音识别系统

提出一种新型语音识别系统,采用帧能量与帧过零率的乘积作为指标量进行语音端点检测,以MFCC作为语音信号特征矢量,基于HMM语音识别模型进行语音识别.同时,提出了一种新的抗噪语音识别方法,通过改进型重复Wiener滤波结合PUM模型进行抗噪语音识别,较好地抑制了噪声干扰,提高了语音识别率.     

一种孤立词语音识别方法研究

结合动态谱特性的语音识别研究,阐述了一种有限状态矢量量化(FSVQ)方法。FSVQ利用了过去的信息来选择合适的码本进行编码,对于语音识别更为有效。改进了所使用的语音特征参量,除了LPC倒谱系数外,结合使用了动态谱特征和能量的对数值,并根据汉语发音特征对语音信号端点进行一种加权处理。实验结果表明：与说话人有关的孤立词识别率达到98%。     

基于语音识别的说话人身份辨识系统

提出一种在小字库孤立语音条件下,集成语音识别与说话人的识别技术,并进行说话人身份代码（密码）识别、认证．利用语音信号的短时分析技术进行孤立词的单元分割,采用临界带特征矢量作为语音信号特征,分析了经典语音识别算法——动态时间规整算法,提出了对语音模板各帧加权的改进方法．为提高识别响应速度,研究了多门限多轮次的判决方法,在增加多套模板、提高识别率的情况下,降低了系统的响应时间．     

利用声调判别提高汉语数码语音识别性能

数码语音“２”与“８”等的混淆是汉语数码语音识别错误的主要来源。为此,提出了在汉语数码语音识别中引入声调判别的方法。首先设计了变长度短时平均幅度差函数（ＬＶＡＭＤＦ）、元音中心定位、基音谐波单周期校正以及基音邻近搜索等一系列高性能基音周期估计算法,在此基础上设计了一个针对汉语数码语音声调识别的ＭＤＴＤ算法。实验表明,新的基音周期估计方法和ＭＤＴＤ算法使汉语数码语音识别率由９５．２％上升到９８．５％,更使“２”与“８”的分辨率由９０．５％上升到了９８．８％,从而较好地解决了这个难题。     

语音信号处理中双门限端点检测算法的改进

语音信号识别系统预处理阶段中一个关键步骤是语音信号的端点检测,其精准性直接决定了整个语音识别系统的识别效果. 传统的短时能量和短时过零率双门限检测法中后端点检测存在偏差,且在有噪声的情况下鲁棒性较差. 从动态阈值、短时平均过零率、端点修复、动态检测等方面入手,改进了双门限检测法. 优化了的端点检测算法,使得语音识别系统能够更精确地识别和提取语音,减少了语音识别时间,提高了识别率. 进一步将无用信号和语音信号完全分离开来,有利于后续语音识别的研究.     

藏语孤立词语音识别系统研究

藏语语音研究相当滞后,文章结合语音识别知识和藏语特点,尝试性地研究了藏语孤立词语音识别研究.首先提取MFCC参数作为语音特征参数,形成语音模板库,采用DTW模型实现了语音识别系统,并且针对藏语孤立词多音节的特点,改进了传统的基于短时能量和短时过零率双门限检测法,即加入了音节间静音段时长门限,提高了孤立词语音信号检测的准确性和识别率.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-