虚拟轨道列车作用下黏弹性路面响应及变形分析

虚拟轨道列车作为一种新兴的交通工具,充分发挥了公路运输适应性强和轨道列车运输量大的特点,经调研发现该车运行线路已产生严重的永久变形.采用解耦的方式将轮胎与刚性路面相互作用模型的三向接触力提取并施加到黏弹性沥青有限元模型,针对虚拟轨道列车轮胎在匀速、完全制动及转弯3种行驶工况下沥青路面的动力学响应及永久变形进行分析研究....     

四轮随机路面激励下的七自由度车辆响应特性

为了研究不同等级道路下车辆动态响应以及轮胎动载荷的变化情况,根据国家路面不平度分级标准,采用滤波白噪声法建立了随机路面时域模型并与标准路面的功率谱密度对比验证模型的准确性。通过四个车轮之间的传递函数建立了四轮随机路面时域激励模型;并以该模型作为不平路面激励,考虑悬架拉伸和压缩状态时的不同阻尼,建立七自由度整车行驶动力学模型。研究了车辆质心垂向加速度、俯仰角、侧倾角以及轮胎动载荷随路面等级的变化情况。结果表明:车辆和轮胎的动态响应随着路面不平度的增加而增加。可见,搭建的整车模型能够很好地反映不同路面下车辆的动态响应,为车路耦合的深入研究奠定基础。     

高等级路面上的车辆动载荷

为研究重型运输车辆对高等级路面作用的动荷载,建立1/2车辆动力学模型,研究了路面不平度、车辆速度、轴重和胎压等因素对车辆动载荷的影响。研究结果表明:车辆动载系数随着路面不平度、车辆速度和胎压的增加而增加,随着轴重的增加而减小;车辆动载荷随着各个参数的增加而增加;标准载荷下,A级路面动载系数为1.12~1.19,B级路面动载系数为1.23~1.38,C级路面动载系数为1.48~1.76,D级路面动载系数为2.00~2.52。     

基于模糊PID算法的磁流变悬架系统的控制仿真研究

为了改善车辆的行驶平顺性,选择车速为30 m/s、路面激励为C级的工况条件,对被动控制、模糊控制和模糊PID控制的磁流变悬架系统进行MATLAB仿真,并选取车身垂向加速度、悬架动挠度和轮胎动载荷作为行驶平顺性的评价指标。结果表明：与被动控制的悬架系统比较,模糊PID控制与模糊控制的磁流变悬架系统的垂向加速度均方根值分别为28.02%、9.40%,峰值改善率分别为24.68%、2.49%;模糊PID控制与模糊控制的磁流变悬架系统的悬架动挠度均方根值分别为20%、10%,峰值改善率分别为13.58%、13.58%;模糊PID控制与模糊控制的磁流变悬架系统的轮胎动载荷均方根值分别为0.18%、0.003%,峰值改善率分别为3.79%、2.64%。     

高速列车空气动力制动会车动力学性能

采用流体力学模拟两列高速列车以400km·h-1速度交会时工况,计算列车气动载荷,并结合高速列车动力学模型研究会车工况下制动风翼板开启对列车动力学性能及运行安全性影响.结果表明:交会时列车横向及垂向位移及振动加速度均增大;与未采用空气动力制动相比,制动风翼板开启后车体振动加速度、列车最大脱轨系数、轮重减载率等均发生变化,但其运行安全性指标均在合格范围内.     

基于逆虚拟激励法的车辆动载的识别

采用逆虚拟激励法进行车辆行驶随机动载的识别,使用确定性方法求解了车辆平稳行驶动载的识别问题.即已知车辆振动响应的自谱与互谱,在反求路面激励功率谱的基础上,求出车辆行驶动载.并通过计算机模拟识别动载.研究结果表明,根据前轮的响应模拟出的车辆随机动载能较好地反映车辆在不同速度,不同路面上的变化.逆虚拟激励法在求解车辆随机动...     

多轴特种车辆缺胎行驶动力学特性研究

为了探究多轴特种车辆在轮胎损失极限工况下的行驶特性，基于TruckSim车辆动力学软件，建立包括整车参数、动力传动与制动系统、车桥与悬挂系统、转向系统和轮胎系统的五轴特种车辆动力学仿真试验模型，通过对仿真模型进行调整和改进，建立符合实车驱动的特种车辆动力学模型.为重点分析轮胎缺失状态的影响，以轮胎六分力试验为基础，选取TruckSim中性能相似的非线性轮胎模型进行修改，通过进行0～80～0 km/h直线加速制动平顺性仿真试验和双移线操稳性仿真试验，研究不同位置处轮胎缺失状态下的车辆平顺特性和操稳特性.同时，以车辆质心偏移量为标准，分析讨论不同行驶速度下的最大缺失轮胎数量，提出不同行驶速度下缺胎工况的轮胎布置方法以及各桥轮胎对车辆行驶影响的程度级别.研究结果表明：多轴特种车辆具备在缺胎工况下行驶的极限条件，不同位置处轮胎缺失对车辆的最大行驶速度影响不显著；该型车辆各桥轮胎对车辆行驶影响的重要程度依次为一桥、五桥、三桥、二桥和四桥；车辆分别以50、30和20 km/h速度行驶时，最大缺失轮胎数量分别为1、2和3个.研究结论为多轴特种车辆行驶安全性评估提供了理论支撑.     

AD250铰接式自卸车橡胶悬架系统动态特性试验研究

基于SCHENCK整车道路模拟试验台,设计和实施了AD250铰接式自卸车整车道路模拟试验.采用路谱激励模拟车辆实际行驶状态,在不同路面、载荷与车速下,以加权加速度均方根值为指标评价了AD250铰接式自卸车的平顺性.分析了前后悬架橡胶弹簧上下测点加速度响应的频谱特性,掌握了不同载荷工况下前后橡胶悬架系统的非线性动态特性.试验表明:该车平顺性有待于进一步提高,前悬架对于隔离来自路面的激励起到了一定的作用,而后悬架没有起到有效的隔振作用.该研究为检验和修正整车动力学模型及悬架系统优化设计提供了重要依据.     

基于虚拟激励法的变速行驶车辆振动分析

在虚拟激励法的基础上,建立了人车路垂向动力学模型和道路虚拟输入模型,推导了车辆非匀速行驶的时-空频率关系,得到了车辆非平稳响应的瞬时功率谱,应用Mathematic语言编制了四分之一人车模型的仿真程序,以简化模型为例,考察了变速车辆行驶的平顺性.数值仿真结果表明,虚拟激励法用于求解车辆振动响应,尤其是用于非平稳随机输入下的车辆振动分析,简便快捷,省时省力,能很好地反映汽车乘坐舒适性.     

基于虚拟动态工况的三轴轮式越野车悬架构件强度分析

三轴轮式越野车采用双横臂独立悬架的结构形式。为得到悬架构件的动态载荷特征和应力特性,进行虚拟动态工况下的车辆强度分析。建立悬架上、下摆臂有限元模型以及三种动态行驶工况路面模型,利用多体动力学分析软件建立整车刚-弹耦合动力学模型。在三种动态行驶工况下进行虚拟试验,得到悬架系统动态载荷,并定义"动载系数"进行分析;对悬架系统关重件的动态应力进行分析,确定构件高应力区。结果表明,悬架构件强度能够满足设计要求,但是接近屈服极限,须进行结构优化设计。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.