烧结铁矿中FeO含量对其在富氢高炉中还原行为的影响

Japan started the national project “COURSE 50” for CO₂ reduction in the 2000s. This project aimed to establish novel technologies to reduce CO₂ emissions with partially utilization of hydrogen in blast furnace-based ironmaking by 30% by around 2030 and use it for practical applications by 2050. The idea is that instead of coke, hydrogen is used as the reducing agent, leading to lower fossil fuel consumption in the process. It has been reported that the reduction behavior of hematite, magnetite, calcium ferrite, and slag in the sinter is different, and it is also considerably influenced by the sinter morphology. This study aimed to investigate the reduction behavior of sinters in hydrogen enriched blast furnace with different mineral morphologies in CO–CO₂–H₂ mixed gas. As an experimental sample, two sinter samples with significantly different hematite and magnetite ratios were prepared to compare their reduction behaviors. The reduction of wustite to iron was carried out at 1000, 900, and 800°C in a CO–CO₂–H₂ atmosphere for the mineral morphology-controlled sinter, and the following findings were obtained. The reduction rate of smaller amount of FeO led to faster increase of the reduction rate curve at the initial stage of reduction. Macro-observations of reduced samples showed that the reaction proceeded from the outer periphery of the sample toward the inside, and a reaction interface was observed where reduced iron and wustite coexisted. Micro-observations revealed three layers, namely, wustite single phase in the center zone of the sample, iron single phase in the outer periphery zone of the sample, and iron oxide-derived wustite FeO and iron, or calcium ferrite-derived wustite 'FeO' and iron in the reaction interface zone. A two-interface unreacted core model was successfully applied for the kinetic analysis of the reduction reaction, and obtained temperature dependent expressions of the chemical reaction coefficients from each mineral phases.     

Mg和La对Ca–Ti 处理钢中夹杂物演变和组织的影响

The evolution of inclusions and the formation of acicular ferrite (AF) in Ca–Ti treated steel was systematically investigated after Mg and La addition. The inclusions in the molten steel were Ca–Al–O, Ca–Al–Mg–O, and La–Mg–Ca–Al–O after Ca, Mg, and La addition, respectively. The type of oxide inclusion in the final quenched samples was the same as that in the molten steel. However, unlike those in molten steel, the inclusions were Ca–Al–Ti–O + MnS, Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS, and La–Ca–Mg–Al–Ti–O + MnS in Mg-free, Mg-containing, and La-containing samples, respectively. The inclusions distributed dispersedly in the La-containing sample. In addition, the average size of the inclusions in the La-containing sample was the smallest, while the number density of inclusions was the highest. The size of effective inclusions (nucleus of AF formation) was mainly in the range of 1–3 μm. In addition, the content of ferrite side plates (FSP) decreased, while the percentage of AF increased by 16.2% due to the increase in the number of effective inclusions in the La-containing sample in this study.     

摩擦焊接碳钢（EN24）和镍基高温合金（IN718）的显微组织和力学性能

Continuous-drive rotary friction welding was performed to join cylindrical specimens of carbon steel (EN24) and nickel-based superalloy (IN718), and the microstructures of three distinct weld zones—the weld interface (WI)/thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), the heat-affected zone (HAZ), and the base metal—were examined. The joint was observed to be free of defects but featured uneven flash formation. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) analysis showed substantial changes in high-angle grain boundaries, low-angle grain boundaries, and twin boundaries in the TMAZ and HAZ. Moreover, significant refinement in grain size (2–5 μm) was observed at the WI/TMAZ with reference to the base metal. The possible causes of these are discussed. The microhardness profile across the welded joint shows variation in hardness. The changes in hardness are ascribed to grain refinement, phase transformation, and the dissolution of strengthening precipitates. The tensile test results reveal that a joint efficiency of 100% can be achieved using this method.     

采用超声组装与滚压工艺制备铝–碳纳米管复合材料

This study introduced a novel fabrication of aluminum–carbon nanotube (CNT) composites by employing bulk acoustic waves and accumulative roll bonding (ARB). In this method, CNT particles were aligned using ultrasonic standing wave in an aqueous media, and the arrayed particles were precipitated on the aluminum plate substrate. Then, the plates rolled on each other through the ARB process with four passes. Optical and scanning electron micrographs demonstrated the effective aligning of CNTs on the aluminum substrate with a negligible deviation of arrayed CNTs through the ARB process. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the developed composites showed no peaks for carbon and aluminum carbide. In addition, tensile tests showed that the longitudinal strength of the specimens processed with aligned CNTs was significantly greater than that of the specimens with common randomly dispersed particles. The proposed technique is beneficial for the fabrication of Al–CNT composites with directional mechanical strength.     

活化天然矿石选择性还原二氧化碳为无定形碳

Natural magnetite formed by the isomorphism substitutions of transition metals, including Fe, Ti, Co, etc., was activated by mechanical grinding followed by H₂ reduction. The temperature-programmed reduction of hydrogen (H₂-TPR) and temperature-programmed surface reaction of carbon dioxide (CO₂-TPSR) were carried out to investigate the processes of oxygen loss and CO₂ reduction. The samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The results showed that the stability of spinel phases and oxygen-deficient degree significantly increased after natural magnetite was mechanically milled and reduced in H₂ atmosphere. Meanwhile, the activity and selectivity of CO₂ reduction into carbon were enhanced. The deposited carbon on the activated natural magnetite was confirmed as amorphous. The amount of carbon after CO₂ reduction at 300°C for 90 min over the activated natural magnetite was 2.87wt% higher than that over the natural magnetite.     

含钛高炉炉渣微波合成碳化钛及其介电性能测定

The preparation of functional material titanium carbide by the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag with microwave heating is an effective method for valuable metals recovery; it can alleviate the environmental pressure caused by slag stocking. The dynamic dielectric parameters of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag/pulverized coal mixture under high-temperature heating are measured by the cylindrical resonant cavity perturbation method. Combining the transient dipole and large π bond delocalization polarization phenomena, the interaction mechanism of the microwave macroscopic non-thermal effect on the titanium carbide synthesis reaction was revealed. The material thickness range during microwave heating was optimized by the joint analysis of penetration depth and reflection loss, which is of great significance to the design of the microwave reactor for the carbothermal reduction of Ti-bearing blast furnace slag.     

汽车暴露面板带有表面条状缺陷的夹杂物分布特征分析:一种定量电解方法

The specific distribution characteristics of inclusions along with the sliver defect were analyzed in detail to explain the formation mechanism of the sliver defect on the automobile exposed panel surface. A quantitative electrolysis method was used to compare and evaluate the three-dimensional morphology, size, composition, quantity, and distribution of inclusions in the defect and non-defect zone of automobile exposed panel. The Al₂O₃ inclusions were observed to be aggregated or chain-like shape along with the sliver defect of about 3–10 μm. The aggregation sections of the Al₂O₃ inclusions are distributed discretely along the rolling direction, with a spacing of 3–7 mm, a length of 6–7 mm, and a width of about 3 mm. The inclusion area part is 0.04%–0.16% with an average value of 0.08%, the inclusion number density is 40 mm?2 and the inclusion average spacing is 25.13 μm. The inclusion spacing is approximately 40–160 μm, with an average value of 68.76 μm in chain-like inclusion parts. The average area fraction and number density of inclusions in the non-defect region were reduced to about 0.002% and 1–2 mm?2, respectively, with the inclusion spacing of 400 μm and the size of Al₂O₃ being 1–3 μm.     

在酸性溶液中加压氧化三价砷离子和二价铁离子

The co-oxidation of As(III) and Fe(II) in acidic solutions by pressured oxygen was studied under an oxygen pressure between 0.5 and 2.0 MPa at a temperature of 150°C. It was confirmed that without Fe(II) ions, As(III) ions in the solutions are virtually non-oxidizable by pressured oxygen even at a temperature as high as 200°C and an oxygen pressure up to 2.0 MPa. Fe(II) ions in the solutions did have a catalysis effect on the oxidation of As(III), possibly attributable to the production of such strong oxidants as hydroxyl free radicals (OH·) and Fe(IV) in the oxidation process of Fe(II). The effects of such factors as the initial molar ratio of Fe(II)/As(III), initial pH value of the solution, oxygen pressure, and the addition of radical scavengers on the oxidation efficiencies of As(III) and Fe(II) were studied. It was found that the oxidation of As(III) was limited in the co-oxidation process due to the accumulation of the As(III) oxidation product, As(V), in the solutions.     

老年性痴呆病发病机理的研究近况

为适应当今老龄化社会对老年性痴呆病的防治需要，从载脂蛋白E(ApoE)、tau蛋白、β-淀粉样肽及其前体蛋白、遗传因素、代谢因素几个方面对老年性痴呆(Alzheimer’s Disease，AD)的病因、病机作了描述．使人们在微观和宏观领域对AD有更清晰完全的认识。     

不同含水量对煤吸附甲烷的影响

运用Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,分析了煤对甲烷吸附能力受其含水量的影响利用WY - 98B型瓦斯常数测定仪,分别对2种煤样在不同含水量时吸附甲烷气体的等温吸附曲线、Langmuir压力、吸附常数a,b进行了定性与定量分析,得出了煤对甲烷吸附量随压力的变化关系式及Langmuir吸附常数a,b随煤样内水含量变化的关系式研究结果表明:含水煤样依然满足Langmuir单分子层吸附理论,吸附常数a,b与煤样中含水量的变化之间存在着一定相关性     

利用Mathematica探讨环面上测地线的数值解法

本文主要讨论空间环面上的测地线问题,提出了环面的定义以及定理,并运用这些定义以及定理研究环面上的测地线,并且进一步讨论空间环面上的测地线的数值解法。     

香波中硅油在头发上的沉积作用

通过全谱直读等离子体原子发射光谱仪和萃取 - 称量方法研究了表面活性剂和阳离子高分子聚合物对香波中硅油沉积量的影响,分析了硅油沉积量与香波调理性之间的关系.结果表明:萃取V- 称量法可以准确测定硅油在头发上的沉积量;主体表面活性剂、辅助表面活性剂和阳离子高分子聚合物均影响硅油在头发上的吸附;香波的调理性随着硅油在头发上沉积量的增加而改善.     

分散剂对高效吸油树脂性能的影响

近年来,我国大多数油田已进入中,高含水期。油田采出水水量的日益增加,有效的含油废水净化材料的研究开发势在必行。高效吸油树脂是一种自溶胀型的吸油材料,本文以甲基丙烯酸长链酯为单体,MBA为交联剂,BPO为引发剂,水为分散介质,在不同分散剂的条件下,采用悬浮聚合法合成了高效吸油树脂。着重研究了在不同分散剂的条件下对高吸油性树脂吸油性能的影响,并对其进行优选,结果表明以PVA为分散剂时可取的较好的吸油效果。     

基于FDS的火灾产物对人员疏散影响的研究

研究火灾产物对人员疏散的影响,首先使用火灾数值模拟软件Pyrosim对某教学楼一层全尺寸模型的火灾数值模拟分析,得到仅门开启的火灾场景下影响人员疏散的主要火灾产物数据;其次引入疏散速度系数概念,将火灾产物数据经Matlab预处理后输入Pathfinder,建立基于火灾产物影响下的人员疏散模型,对比分析考虑火灾产物影响与不考虑火灾产物影响下的疏散情况;最后将火灾模拟动画与人员疏散动画耦合,实现三维环境下火灾发展过程与人员疏散过程的可视化展示.结果表明:疏散速度系数影响下的火灾人员疏散模拟相对于不考虑速度影响的火灾疏散模拟更能真实反应火场中的人员疏散情况.     

丝光沸石催化萘异丙基化反应的积炭失活研究

采用萘的异丙基化反应合成2,6-二异丙基萘(2,6-diisopropylnaphthalene,简称2,6-DIPN)是极具前景的方法.催化剂中以丝光沸石的择形催化效果最好,但其酸中心的积炭会使催化剂失活.以萘和丙烯为原料,以水汽脱铝氢型丝光沸石(SDHM)为催化剂,在高压釜中合成2,6-DIPN.考察了SDHM催化萘异丙基化反应的积炭失活规律,其原因可归结为SDHM的酸性中心被积炭覆盖以及一维孔道易堵塞所致.     

倒伏量对翻驳领结构影响分析

主要研究了直线状、圆弧状和部分圆弧部分直线状3种类型翻折线与翻驳领结构的相关关系,针对翻驳领结构设计中的主要难点——倒伏量进行研究,并分析翻折线变化对其产生的重要影响。通过变换驳点高度及搭门宽度来控制翻折线倾斜度,各领型分别做出ll组试样,进而研究翻折线与倒伏量的关系,最后对理论研究的数据进行成衣验证。     

基于ANSYS某钢桥损伤原因分析

应用大型通用有限元软件ANSYS,对某大桥采用空间板单元建模,计算了该桥在开裂前、开裂后各种荷载工况作用下主桁杆件的内力,重点研究开裂纵梁的受力情况,根据计算结果详细分析了该桥纵梁裂纹产生的原因。     

不同前处理措施对真空油炸杏鲍菇脆片品质的影响

杏鲍菇为大宗食用菌,为提高杏鲍菇利用率,开发杏鲍菇休闲食品,研究前处理工艺对真空油炸杏鲍菇品质的影响。采用控制变量法,主要考察了切片方式、切片厚度和漂烫处理对杏鲍菇脆片品质的影响。结果表明,切片方式影响显著,脆片的脆度和含油量都与切片厚度呈现正相关关系,其中2mm为较佳厚度,与L值呈现负相关关系;漂烫可灭杏鲍菇脆片中多酚氧化酶和过氧化物酶的活性,从而抑制褐变,较佳漂烫处理方式为95℃、90s。