小河沟自然保护区两栖爬行动物调查初报

小河沟自然保护区有两栖动物23种(隶属于2目6科14属)，其中中国特有种17种；爬行动物24种(隶属于1目6科15属)，其中中国特有种8种．地理区系组成中喜马拉雅—横断山型13种，占27．7％；南中国型17种，占36．2％；东洋型9种，占19．2％；季风型5种。占10．6％；全北型2种，占4．3％，具有较高的物种多样性和物种丰富度。     

邻水县的两栖爬行动物调查

两次对邻水县的两栖爬行类进行了调查，结果表明：邻水县有两栖动物15种（隶属2目7科8属），爬行动物21种（隶属2目8科15属）。动物地理分布型为：热带亚热带型6种，占16.7％；全北型1种，占2.8％；南中国型19种，占52.8％；季风型8种，占22.2％；喜马拉雅-横断山型2种，占5.56％。区系组成：属东洋界有：华中区物种17种，占47.2％，华中华南区物种6种，占16.7％，东洋界广布种4种，占11.1％，属东洋、古北两界广布种的有9种，占总物种数的25％。     

中国干旱地区啮齿动物物种多样性

为阐述我国干旱地区啮齿动物物种多样性的分布规律，本文综合我国现有的自然和景观区划结果，初步确定了我国干旱地区的范围，通过查阅大量标本和文献资料，研究整理出我国干旱区啮齿动物物种及分布名录，初步确定本地区共有啮齿动物119种，隶属2目11科42属，其中，免形目2科2属21种，啮齿目9科40属98种．在我国干旱区中，古北界干旱区代表种有67种，其中，22种为我国干旱区的特有种。     

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查

深圳笔架山公园兽类资源调查结果显示，该公园共有兽类13种，隶属5目、9科、10属。其中食虫类2种，翼手类1重，鳞甲类1种，食肉类3种，啮齿类6种。国家二级保护动物1种，列入中国红皮书中的易危动物1种。7种东洋型种类，约占种类数的54％；2种古北型种类，约占15％；4种广布型种类，约占31％。分析了笔架山兽类生态分布的3种类群，进行了资源评价，从生态功能、水资源、物种多样性等提出了保护管理的建议。     

黄石坳保护区的兽类初步研究

2002年5—7月对广东和平县黄石坳保护区的兽类进行了调查，共记录到兽类6目15科31种，东洋型21种占67．7％；南中国型5种占16．1％；古北型3种占9．7％；季风型和喜马拉雅山型各1种占3．2％．其中国家I级保护动物1种；Ⅱ级保护动物5种；三有动物10种，说明该地区物种珍稀程度较高．翼手类共记录到12种，占所有物种总数的38．7％；啮齿类只有3种，占种数的9．6％，可能与捕获的季节等有关．     

运城湿地自然保护区生物多样性及其保护

运城湿地自然保护区总面积86861hm^2，包含河口(内陆)湿地、河流湿地、湖泊湿地、水库湿地、沼泽湿地和草甸湿地等，是山西省惟一的湿地自然保护区，有着丰富的生物多样性，运城湿地自然保护区分布的植物有98科、357属、782种(含变种)，约占全省植物总种数的27．6％，其中苔藓植物9种、9属、16种；蕨类植物6科、6属、13种；种子植物83科、342属、753种，在种子植物中有裸子植物1科、1属、1种；被子植物82科、341属、752种，此外已查明的藻类植物有26科、54属、155种，植被类型有41个群系，运城湿地自然保护区内分布有鸟类239种，隶属17目44科，鸟类中属于国家Ⅰ级重点保护的9种，属于国家Ⅱ级重点保护28种，兽类22种，分别隶属6目12科，两栖动物有12种，隶属1目5科，爬行动物共有19种，隶属3目7科，鱼类有52种，隶属6目9科，昆虫有437种(包括亚种)，隶属13目108科，浮游动物计有84种，最后，分析了运城湿地自然保护区湿地生物多样性受威胁的原因，提出了湿地生物多样性的保护对策。     

甘肃尕海湿地冬季肉鞭虫物种多样性研究

自2011年10月至2012年1月,用"非淹没培养皿法"和活体观察法对冬季尕海湿地内肉鞭虫物种多样性和群落特征进行了研究.共鉴定到肉鞭类原生动物87种,隶属于2亚门6纲13目26科39属,其中包括6个未定名种.在鞭毛亚门中眼虫目和动基体目为优势类群,物种数分别占该亚门物种总数的38.18%和25.45%.肉足亚门中变形目为优势类群,物种数占该亚门物种总数的62.5%.腰鞭目物种为该地区罕见类群,只有1属1种.研究结果表明,尕海湿地内肉鞭虫物种丰富,物种分布与海拔和样点湿度无明显关系,而与样点内生境的温度呈显著负相关性.     

新疆和静野生种子植物物种多样性及区系分析

运用植物区系地理学基本原理,以和静地区所分布的野生种子植物作为研究对象,对其种子植物的物种多样性与区系地理成分进行了统计与分析.结果表明：该区共有种子植物80科369属994种,分别占新疆总科、属、种总数的69.57%、50.34%、28.42%; 科的组成中,大型科(≥50 种)、中型科(11～50种)共有 18 科,占本区科总数的 22.50%,其所包含的属、种数量却分别占本区植物区系的相应比例为 68.83%、77.77%,区系的优势科特征明显;在属的组成中,单种属和寡种属(2～5种)的比例比较高,有 338 属,631 种,占到总属数的91.60%、总种数的63.48%;该区有新疆特有种植物32种,隶属15 科25 属,占新疆特有种总数的12.55%;区系地理成分中,科分布类型有22科,可划分为6个类型7个变型,以北温带地理成分为主,占该区非世界分布科总数的56.41%;属有203属,可划分为12个类型17个变型,以温带地理成分为主,占非世界分布属64.86%.     

广东英德石门台自然保护区啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性研究

对广东省英德市石门台省级自然保护区的啮齿类及翼手类物种多样性进行了初步调查，采集动物标本111号，为18种，观察或采访记录到9种，共有动物27种，隶属2个目。其中发现广东省翼手类新记录1种－贵州菊头蝠，该种又是中国特有种，另一种为中国濒危动物红皮书列八种类－扁颅蝠。鼠类中进入“三有名录”动物有8种，占该保护区啮类种类的50％。初步调查显示，该保护区啮齿类、翼手类动物种类丰富，是食物链中的重要环节,在该保护区自然生态系统中占有极重要的地位，深入开展对它们的研究十分必要。     

四川小寨子沟自然保护区鸟类资源现状与保护

对小寨子沟自然保护区鸟类资源的调查显示，该区鸟类306种，隶属于17目56科159属，其中东洋界种类占总数的50．98％，古北界占40．52％；动物区系复杂，表现出东洋界向古北界过渡的特征，该区珍稀重点保护物种多、生物多样性丰富：属国家I、Ⅱ类保护的物种41种，占四川省该类动物的46．07％；属“三有”动物保护的物种176种，占该区总种数的57．52％；属中国濒危动物红皮书的有20种；孓遗、特有鸟类33种，占四川省总鸟类特有种的54．10％，最后对导致鸟类数量减少的因素进行了分析，并就资源现状提出了保护建议。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Jane Eyre——A Feminist In The 19th Century

In the 19th century the society was controlled by men, and women were just appendants of them, they had not any rights and freedom. But Jane was an exception, she showed some characteristics of early feminist. Jane showed her characteristics of feminism in three aspects: rebellion, equality, and independence. These characteristics were helpful to her success, and feminism is the only way out for women of that time.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-