锂盐LiBOB的性能研究

运用电化学阻抗谱和稳态直流极化法研究了LiBOB.(PEO)n聚合物电解质膜的性能;用恒电流充放电测试研究了以LiBOB作锂盐的电池的循环性能.结果表明,LiBOB具有好的导电性能,O与Li的摩尔比为16∶1时,LiBOB.(PEO)n膜室温下的电导率最高为5.8×10-6S/cm,锂离子迁移数t =0.39;LiBOB的大电流充放电性能有待改进.     

改进的固相法制备电解质锂盐LiBOB及其纯度测定

用改进的固相法合成一种新型电解质锂盐——双乙二酸硼酸锂(LiBOB):首先将脱去结晶水的H2C2O4与LiOH·H2O研磨混匀,在60℃预热2h后分批加入H3BO3,然后,于真空条件下在70℃和100℃分别保温6h和3h,得到LiBOB粗产品。对LiBOB粗产品用重蒸乙腈进行2次纯化,分别对2次提纯后的LiBOB样品纯度进行测定。用经2次提纯后的LiBOB配制成0.7mol/LLiBOB-PC/EMC/DMC(V(LiBOB):V(EMC):V(DMC)=1:1:1)电解液,并在-40.0～60.0℃对其电导率进行测定。用该电解液体系组装电池,进一步测定电池的循环性能。研究结果表明:1次纯化后的样品纯度≥98.1%,2次纯化后的样品纯度≥99.6%;LiBOB所配制的电解液在较宽温度范围内的电导率较高,说明所制LiBOB已达到用作电池电解质锂盐的标准。     

基于超支化聚醚的固体聚合物电解质性能研究

合成一种新型超支化聚醚类固体聚合物电解质. 通过交流阻抗技术测试分析了电解质的离子导电性能,结果表明:温度、锂盐添加量均对离子电导率有较大影响,当锂盐质量分数为30%时,电导率最高(80 ℃时5.45×10-4 S/cm;室温1.2×10-5 S/cm).     

新型甲基丙烯酸酯类接枝共聚物电解质的制备与表征

以甲氧基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(MPEGM)和十六烷基聚乙二醇甲基丙烯酸酯(HPEGM)为单体,采用自由基溶液聚合法制备无规接枝共聚物P(MPEGM-HPEGM),并以此共聚物为基体混合锂盐(LiClO4)制备全固态聚合物电解质。用红外光谱(FT-IR)、差热分析(DSC)和交流阻抗(EIS)等方法对聚合物和聚合物电解质的性能进行研究。结果表明:MPEGM和HPEGM共聚生成P(MPEGM-HPEGM);聚合物中聚氧化乙烯(PEO)链段的运动能力得到提高,有利于离子传输;聚合物电解质膜的电化学稳定性窗口达到4.5 V;在30℃时,当MPEGM与HPEGM的质量比为80∶20,锂盐与氧化乙烯(EO)的摩尔比为1∶20时,聚合物电解质的离子电导率达到最高7.6×10-5S/cm;离子电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增加,电导率-温度的关系符合VTF方程。     

含氟聚合物对电解质电导率的影响

采用溶液浇铸的方法制备了以PEO LiClO4(聚氧乙烯高氯酸锂)为基质的共混聚合物膜.运用差热示差扫描热分析和交流阻抗的测试方法,研究了聚合物电解质电导率的影响因素.交流阻抗的测试结果显示,随着PVDF(偏氟乙烯)的加入,含有PEO LiClO4的聚合物电解质的离子电导率会随之下降,然而偏氟乙烯六氟丙烯共聚物P(VDF HFP)加入后,在适量范围内聚合物电解质的电导率会增加.当PEO∶P(VDF HFP)的质量分数为1∶0.5时,电导率(δ)最大,其值为2.3×10-4S/cm.DSC的测试结果表明,P(VDF HFP)的加入后,混合物的熔融温度和熔融峰热焓都会随之下降.研究表明对PEO的共混改性可以显著提高电解质电导率.     

低聚物离子液体为溶剂的电解质研究

研究了离子液体为溶剂的聚合物电解质的导电性能,结果表明离子液体浓度、增塑剂及锂盐都对电解质导电性有影响,获得了室温电导率达10-3S/cm的电解质材料.     

NaY对(PEO)_(16)LiClO_4-EC组织和导电性能的影响

以纳米级NaY分子筛为填充剂,制备了(PEO)16LiClO4-EC-x%NaY(x=0,3,5,8,12,20,35)全固态复合聚合物电解质薄膜.通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱和交流阻抗方法研究了NaY对(PEO)16LiClO4-EC电解质体系显微组织特征与离子导电性能的影响.结果表明,适量NaY可使PEO的球晶生长受到抑制,表面形成有利于锂离子传输的超枝状和交联网络结构,离子传输的无定形区域增大;同时,适量EC有利于NaY在聚合物基体中的均匀分布,当NaY含量为12%(质量分数)时,复合聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率达到最大值,为1.890×10-4S.cm-1.     

锂源对双草酸硼酸锂合成的影响

用改进的固相合成方法及精馏提纯方法,获得一种含有螯合硼酸根离子的电解质锂盐—双草酸硼酸锂(LiBOB).分别选取4种含锂化合物作为锂源,采用红外光谱、X线衍射方法和化学定量分析方法,比较不同锂源对合成LiBOB的产物纯度、电化学性能的影响.研究结果表明:由LiOH·H2O合成的粗产品1次纯化纯度为99.4％,2次纯化纯度为99.8％;由Li2C2O4合成的LiBOB杂相较多;由CH3COOLi.2H2O合成的LiBOB含水分较多.用不同锂源合成的LiBOB配制成0.7 mol/L LiBOB/(EC/PC/DMC=1∶1∶3,质量比)电解液,组装成LiM2O4/Li电池进行电池循环性能的测试.LiOH·H2O和Li2CO3作为锂源合成的LiBOB具有良好的电化学性能,Li2C2O4和CH3COOLi·2H2O作为锂源合成的LiBOB电化学性能较差.     

阳极键合用高分子固体电解质的性能研究

根据微机电系统(MEMS)封装中常用的阳极键合技术的特点,采用机械合金化法制备了高分子固体电解质,用作新的阳极键合材料。采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、X射线衍射(XRD)和同步辐射小角X射线技术(SAXS)等手段研究了锂盐加入量对络合成的阳极键合用聚氧乙烯(PEO)LiX的导电性能的影响,进而探讨了高分子固体电解质作为新型封装材料在阳极键合应用中的可行性。结果表明:相对于LiPF6,络合LiClO4更容易增加锂离子的迁移数,能更有效地阻碍高分子固体电解质的结晶,使得无定形区的含量增加;对于制备出的阳极键合用PEO-LiClO4高分子固体电解质材料,随着锂盐含量的增加,PEO与锂盐之间的络合结构变得更松弛,该络合体系的有序性变差,无序度增大,这种结构在静电场作用下更容易破坏,因而电导率更高,键合质量良好。     

Effect of NaY on Microstructure and Conductivity of （PEO） 16LiCIO4-EC Composite Electrolyte

以纳米级NaY分子筛为填充剂,制备了（PEO）16LiCIOa-EC-x％NaY（x=0,3,5,8,12,20,35）全固态复合聚合物电解质薄膜．通过扫描电镜、EDS能谱和交流阻抗方法研究了NaY对（PEO）16LiCl04-EC电解质体系显微组织特征与离子导电性能的影响．结果表明,适量NaY可使PEO的球晶生长受到抑制,表面形成有利于锂离子传输的超枝状和交联网络结构,离子传输的无定形区域增大;同时,适量EC有利于NaY在聚合物基体中的均匀分布,当NaY含量为12％（质量分数）时,复合聚合物电解质的室温离子电导率达到最大值,为1．890×10-4S·cm-1     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Features of Women's language

Language is a means of verbal communication. People use language to communicate with each other. In the society, no two speakers are exactly alike in the way of speaking. Some differences are due to age, gender, statue and personality. Above all, gender is one of the obvious reasons. The writer of this paper tries to describe the features of women＇s language from these perspectives： pronunciation, intonation, diction, subjects, grammar and discourse. From the discussion of the features of women＇s language, more attention should be paid to language use in social context. What＇s more, the linguistic phenomena in a speaking community can be understood more thoroughly.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to